劾

劾 U+52BE, 劾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52BE ← 劽 [U+52BD] CJK Unified Ideographs 势 → [U+52BF]

Translingual

Han character

劾 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人大尸 (YOKS), four-corner 0482₇, composition ⿰亥力)

1. examine into
2. impeach, charge

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 147, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2342
• Dae Jaweon: page 331, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 370, character 2
• Unihan data for U+52BE

Chinese

simp. and trad.		劾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
該	*kɯː
垓	*kɯː
賅	*kɯː
陔	*kɯː
豥	*kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄	*kɯː, *krɯː
郂	*kɯː
姟	*kɯː
絯	*kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐	*kɯː
峐	*kɯː
侅	*kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲	*kɯː
頦	*kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒	*kʰɯː
輆	*kʰɯːʔ
欬	*kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋	*ŋɡɯːɡs
閡	*ŋɡɯːɡs
咳	*qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩	*ɡɯː
亥	*ɡɯːʔ
劾	*ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎	*krɯː
烗	*kʰrɯːɡs
骸	*ɡrɯː
駭	*ɡrɯːʔ
刻	*kʰɯːɡ
餩	*qɯːɡ
核	*ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ) : phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) + semantic 力 (“power”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hé (he²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hat⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hé
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hé
    • Wade–Giles: ho²
    • Yale: hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
    • Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hat⁶
    • Yale: haht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hed⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐt̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: kheajH, hojH, hok

Rime
Character	劾	劾	劾
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)	咍 (41)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I	I
Fanqie	苦戒切	胡槩切	胡得切
Baxter	kheajH	hojH	hok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠɛiH/	/ɦʌiH/	/ɦək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚæiH/	/ɦəiH/	/ɦək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɐiH/	/ɣɒiH/	/ɣək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəɨjH/	/ɦəjH/	/ɦək̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɛiH/	/ɣᴀiH/	/ɣək̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɐiH/	/ɣɒiH/	/ɣək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰăiH/	/ɣɑ̆iH/	/ɣək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiè	hài	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haai3	hoi6	hak6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤək-s/, /*[ɡ]ˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːɡs/, /*kʰrɯːɡs/, /*ɡɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	劾	劾
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ hojH ›	‹ hok ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁək-s/	/*[ɡ]ˁək/
English	investigate	investigate, try (a criminal)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	劾	劾	劾
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	4829	4834	4841
Phonetic component	亥	亥	亥
Rime group	志	志	職
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	瀣	烗	劾
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯːɡs/	/*kʰrɯːɡs/	/*ɡɯːɡ/

Definitions

劾

1. to expose one's crimes
2. (literary) to try; to convict

   • 衡山王入朝，其謁者衛慶有方術，欲上書事天子，王怒，故劾慶死罪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     衡山王入朝，其谒者卫庆有方术，欲上书事天子，王怒，故劾庆死罪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Héngshān wáng rùcháo, qí yè zhě Wèi Qìng yǒu fāngshù, yù shàngshū shì tiānzǐ, wáng nù, gù hé Qìng sǐzuì. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

• 劾奏
• 劾繫 / 劾系
• 參劾 / 参劾 (cānhé)
• 彈劾 / 弹劾 (tánhé)
• 彈劾權 / 弹劾权
• 彈劾無私 / 弹劾无私
• 投劾
• 深文巧劾
• 舉劾 / 举劾

Japanese

Kanji

劾

(Jōyō kanji)

1. censure

Readings

• Go-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: かい (kai)
• Kun: さばく (sabaku)、しらべる (shiraberu, 劾べる)、きわめる (kiwameru)、つとめる (tsutomeru)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 劾 (MC hok).

Hanja

Wikisource

劾 (eumhun 꾸짖을 핵 (kkujijeul haek))

1. hanja form^? of 핵 (“scold; inquire”)

Compounds

• 탄핵 (彈劾, tanhaek, “impeachment”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

劾: Hán Nôm readings: hặc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• đàn hặc (彈劾, “to impeach”)