惟

惟 U+60DF, 惟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60DF ← 惞 [U+60DE] CJK Unified Ideographs 惠 → [U+60E0]

Translingual

Han character

惟 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 心人土 (POG), four-corner 9001₄, composition ⿰忄隹)

Derived characters

• 𣻰, 𮆄, 𪠕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 391, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10820
• Dae Jaweon: page 726, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2316, character 3
• Unihan data for U+60DF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		惟

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (唯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
匯	*ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl
擓	*kʰʷriːl
淮	*ɡʷriːl
睢	*qʰʷel, *sqʰʷil, *qʰʷi, *qʰʷils
嶉	*sqʷi
趡	*skʰʷilʔ
踓	*skʰʷilʔ, *ɢʷilʔ
雖	*sqʰʷi
濉	*sqʰʷi
倠	*qʰʷi
婎	*qʰʷil, *qʰʷils
蓶	*ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
維	*ɢʷi
惟	*ɢʷi
唯	*ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
濰	*ɢʷi
琟	*ɢʷil
鷕	*ɢʷiʔ, *ɢʷiʔ
帷	*ɢʷril
鵻	*sɢʷinʔ, *tjul

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wéi (wei²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wai⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): î / ûi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
    • Wade–Giles: wei²
    • Yale: wéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wai⁴
    • Yale: wàih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
    • Tâi-lô: î
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ii
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /i²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
    • Tâi-lô: uî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uii
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³/

Note: î - literary.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 惟
Mandarin	Beijing	/uei³⁵/
	Harbin	/uei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/vei⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/vei⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ve⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/uei⁵³/
	Xi'an	/vi²⁴/
	Xining	/uɨ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/vei⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/vei⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/vei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/uei²¹³/
	Chengdu	/uei³¹/
	Guiyang	/uei²¹/
	Kunming	/uei³¹/
	Nanjing	/uəi²⁴/
	Hefei	/ue⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/uei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/uei¹³/
	Hohhot	/vei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/vi²³/
	Suzhou	/vi¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦui²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/vu³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ue⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ue⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/uei¹³/
	Xiangtan	/uəi¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ui⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/vi¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/vui¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɐi²¹/
	Nanning	/wɐi²¹/
	Hong Kong	/wɐi²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ui³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/mi⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/y²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/zui⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/vui³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: ywij

Rime
Character	惟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以追切
Baxter	ywij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷi/
Shao Rongfen	/juɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwi/
Li Rong	/ui/
Wang Li	/jwi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/wi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷi/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wéi
Middle Chinese	‹ ywij ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷij/
English	(copula); namely
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惟
Reading #	1/1
No.	12853
Phonetic component	唯
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	惟
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷi/

Definitions

惟

1. but; however; nevertheless
2. only
3. to think; to contemplate

   • 於是吳王穆然，俛而深惟，仰而泣下交頤。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     于是吴王穆然，俯而深惟，仰而泣下交颐。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: circa 102~97 BCE, Dongfang Shuo, 《非有先生論》, translated by Burton Watson

     Yúshì Wú wáng mùrán, fǔ ér shēn wéi, yǎng ér qì xià jiāo yí. [Pinyin]

     The king of Wu fell silent, his head bowed in deep thought. Then he looked up, the streams of tears coursing down his cheeks.

   • 惟古昔以懷今兮，心徘徊以躊躇。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     惟古昔以怀今兮，心徘徊以踌躇。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: circa 272, Xiang Xiu, 《思舊賦》, translated by Burton Watson

     Wéi gǔxī yǐ huái jīn xī, xīn páihuái yǐ chóuchú. [Pinyin]

     Thought of the past and those I longed for,
     My heart restless, my steps unsure.

4. ^† Alternative form of 唯 (“to be”)
5. ^† (alt. form 維／维, 唯) meaningless sentence-initial particle
6. a surname

Compounds

• 不惟 (bùwéi)
• 人心惟危
• 令出惟行
• 伏惟 (fúwéi)
• 匪惟
• 思惟 (sīwéi)
• 惟利是圖 / 惟利是图 (wéilìshìtú)
• 惟利是營 / 惟利是营
• 惟利是逐
• 惟力是視 / 惟力是视
• 惟命是從 / 惟命是从 (wéimìngshìcóng)
• 惟命是聽 / 惟命是听 (wéimìngshìtīng)
• 惟天可表
• 惟妙惟肖 (wéimiàowéixiào)
• 惟恐 (wéikǒng)
• 惟精惟一
• 授職惟賢 / 授职惟贤
• 明德惟馨
• 正思惟
• 民惟邦本
• 洪惟
• 禍福惟人 / 祸福惟人
• 非惟

References

• “惟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

惟

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. consider; reflect; think (おもう)
2. yes
3. this (これ)
4. but; however (ただ)

Readings

• Go-on: ゆい (yui)
• Kan-on: い (i)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}
• Kun: おもう (omou, 惟う)^{←おもふ (omofu, 惟ふ, historical)}、おもうに (omou ni, 惟うに)^{←おもふに (omofu ni, 惟ふに, historical)}、おもんみる (omonmiru, 惟んみる)、これ (kore, 惟)、ただ (tada, 惟)
• Nanori: よし (yoshi)、のぶ (nobu)、ただ (tada)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
惟
これ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
惟
ただ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 惟 – see the following entries.

【これ】 [pronoun] this [pronoun] (deictically) this one (near the speaker) [pronoun] (anaphorically) this one I am talking about (only the speaker knows) [pronoun] (archaic) I; me [pronoun] (archaic) you [pronoun] (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 是, 之, 惟, etc.) Repeats the topic with a correct case marker to avoid any misunderstanding if it is not a subject. Alternative spellings 此れ, 是, 之, 維

【ただ】 [conjunction] 唯, 只, 但, 惟: but, however, although, except that Alternative spellings 唯, 只, 但

(This term, 惟, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

Korean

Hanja

惟 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

惟: Hán Nôm readings: duy

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.