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拔

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 抜 and 拨
拔 U+62D4, 拔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62D4
← 拓
[U+62D3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 拕 →
[U+62D5]

拔 U+2F8B6, 拔
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B6
← 抱
[U+2F8B5] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 捐 →
[U+2F8B7]

Translingual

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Traditional 拔
Simplified 拔
Japanese 抜
Korean 拔

Alternative forms

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Han character

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拔 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手戈大水 (QIKE) or 手戈大大 (QIKK), four-corner 53047, composition ⿰扌犮(GHTJK))

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 426, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11959
  • Dae Jaweon: page 774, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1850, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+62D4

Chinese

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trad. 拔
simp. # 拔

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (犮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
軷 *boːds, *boːd
韍 *bruds, *pud
祓 *pods, *pʰud
蛂 *blɯːd
拔 *bruːd, *boːd, *bod
菝 *bruːd, *boːd
袚 *poːd
茇 *poːd
盋 *poːd
帗 *poːd, *pud
跋 *boːd
魃 *boːd
䣮 *boːd
馛 *boːd
炦 *boːd
颰 *boːd, *pod
妭 *boːd
犮 *boːd
胈 *boːd
鈸 *boːd
苃 *boːd
坺 *boːd, *bod
髮 *pod
冹 *pod, *pud
瞂 *bod
紱 *pud
黻 *pud
翇 *pud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bruːd, *boːd, *bod) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 犮 (OC *boːd) – a hand pulls.

Etymology

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Compare perhaps Burmese ပြုတ် (prut, “to be dislocated; to lose”).[1]

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • pu̍ih/poe̍h/pe̍h/pōe - vernacular (“to pull; to snatch forcefully; to suck away someone else's chi”);
  • poa̍t - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: boih8 / buah8 / buag8 / buêg8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: po̍ih / pua̍h / pua̍k / pue̍k
      • Sinological IPA (key): /poiʔ⁴/, /puaʔ⁴/, /puak̚⁴/, /puek̚⁴/
Note:
  • boih8 - vernacular;
  • buah8 - vernacular (“to draw water”);
  • buag8/buêg8 - literary (buêg8 - Chaozhou).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 拔
Mandarin Beijing /pa³⁵/
Harbin /pa²⁴/
/pa⁵³/ ～勁
Tianjin /pɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /pa⁴²/
Qingdao /pa⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pa⁴²/
Xi'an /pa²⁴/
Xining /pa²⁴/
Yinchuan /pa¹³/
Lanzhou /pa⁵³/
Ürümqi /pa⁵¹/
Wuhan /pa²¹³/
Chengdu /pʰa³¹/
Guiyang /pa²¹/
Kunming /pa̠³¹/
Nanjing /pɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /pɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /paʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /pʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /pa³¹/
Wu Shanghai /baʔ¹/
Suzhou /baʔ³/
Hangzhou /bɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /bo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /pʰa²²/
Tunxi /pʰuːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /pʰa²⁴/
Xiangtan /pʰɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /pʰaʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /pʰat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /pʰɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pɐt̚²/
Nanning /pat̚²²/
Hong Kong /pɐt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pat̚⁵/
/puiʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pɛiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pa²⁴/
/pai⁵⁴/
/pi⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /puak̚⁵/
/poiʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbuak̚⁵/
/ʔbe³³/
Rime
Character 拔 拔 拔
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 並 (3) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 月 (68) 末 (64) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Open
Division (等) III I II
Fanqie 房越切 蒲撥切 蒲八切
Baxter bjot bat beat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bʉɐt̚/ /buɑt̚/ /bˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bʷiɐt̚/ /bʷɑt̚/ /bᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuɐt̚/ /buɑt̚/ /bæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buat̚/ /bwat̚/ /bəɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/biuɐt̚/ /buɑt̚/ /bɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭwɐt̚/ /buɑt̚/ /bæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯wɐt̚/ /bʱuɑt̚/ /bʱat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fá bó bá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faat6 but6 baat6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 拔 拔
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bá bèi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bɛt › ‹ bajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*bˁ<r>ot/ /*bˁot-s/
English uproot thinned out (forest)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 拔 拔 拔
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 130 145 155
Phonetic
component 		犮 犮 犮
Rime
group 		月 月 月
Rime
subdivision 		2 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		拔 跋 伐
Old
Chinese 		/*bruːd/ /*boːd/ /*bod/

Definitions

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拔

  1. to pull up; to pull out
  2. to suck out; to draw
  3. to select; to pick; to choose
  4. to lift; to raise
  5. to surpass; to stand out among
  6. to capture; to seize
  7. (dialectal) to cool in water
  8. (Min) to pull; to tug
  9. (Hokkien) to snatch forcefully
  10. (Quanzhou, Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to suck away someone else's chi (said as done by some people)
  11. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 拉 (“to pull; to tug”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 拉, 挽
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 抻, 扽
Taiwan 拉
Singapore 拉
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 抻, 拉
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 拉, 抻, 扯
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 扯, 拉
Wuhan 拉, 扯, 𠡒
Guilin 扯
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 拽, 扽, 拉
Hefei 拉, 拽
Cantonese Guangzhou 拉, 掹
Hong Kong 拉, 掹
Yangjiang 掹, 拉
Singapore (Guangfu) 拉
Gan Nanchang 扯, 𠡒
Hakka Meixian 挷
Jin Taiyuan 扯
Northern Min Jian'ou 拔, 揄
Eastern Min Fuzhou 拔
Southern Min Xiamen 搝, 擢
Quanzhou 搝, 擢
Zhangzhou 搝, 擢
Taipei 搝
New Taipei (Sanxia) 搝
Kaohsiung 搝
Yilan 搝
Changhua (Lukang) 搝
Taichung 搝
Tainan 搝, 擢
Hsinchu 搝
Kinmen 搝
Penghu (Magong) 搝
Penang (Hokkien) 搝, 擢
Singapore (Hokkien) 搝
Manila (Hokkien) 拔
Chaozhou 𠡒
Wu Shanghai 拉
Suzhou 拉
Ningbo 拉, 𠡒
Wenzhou 拉, 𢱋, 𠡒
Xiang Changsha 扯, 悶
Shuangfeng 扯

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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拔

  1. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) Classifier for draws of water, especially each time one pulls the rope on a well.

References

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  1. ^ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-UT Finals (14. to Dislocate)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 50

Japanese

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Shinjitai

抜

Kyūjitai

拔

Kanji

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拔

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 抜)

  1. extract, pull out, pilfer

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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拔 (eumhun 뽑을 발 (ppobeul bal))

  1. hanja form? of 발 (“pull, pick, pluck, uproot”)

拔 (eumhun 무성할 패 (museonghal pae))

  1. hanja form? of 패 (“thick, overgrown”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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拔: Hán Việt readings: bạt[1][2][3][4][5], bội[4][5]
拔: Nôm readings: bạt[1][2], gạt[1][2][6], bặt[2], vạt[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of bạt (“pull, extract”).
  2. Nôm form of gạt (“brush off”).

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Trần (2004).
  3. ^ Trần (1999).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
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