杖

杖 U+6756, 杖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6756 ← 杕 [U+6755] CJK Unified Ideographs 杗 → [U+6757]

杖 U+FA94, 杖 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA94 ← 望 [U+FA93] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 歹 → [U+FA95]

Translingual

Han character

杖 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木十大 (DJK), four-corner 4590₀, composition ⿰木丈)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14469
• Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1159, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6756

• Unihan data for U+FA94

Chinese

simp. and trad.		杖
alternative forms		𨥅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
丈	*daŋʔ
杖	*daŋʔ
仗	*daŋʔ, *daŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 丈 (OC *daŋʔ).

Etymology

Thought to be the same word as 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", i.e. "someone who walks with, or leans on, a staff"; though unlikely.

According to Schuessler (2007), this is an areal word. Compare Mizo tiang (“staff, stick, crutch”), Old Khmer toŋ (“shaft, stock, shank”), -toṅa (“stock, stem, stick”), and Khmer ដង (dɑɑng, “pole, shaft, handle, yoke, body, trunk”). Benedict (1976) also compares this to Proto-Tai *de:ŋ ~ *tʰe:ŋ (“stick, bar”), Malay tiang (“pillar, post, pole”), Fijian ndia (“stick, handle”), and to reconstructed Proto-Austro-Tai *(n)ti(j)aŋ.

A derivative, attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng), is the verb 仗 (OC *daŋs) "to lean on", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhàng (zhang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhóng
• Northern Min (KCR): tiōng
• Eastern Min (BUC): tiông
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thn̄g / thňg / tiōng / tiǒng / tiāng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziang⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zan

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàng
    • Wade–Giles: chang⁴
    • Yale: jàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: janq
    • Palladius: чжан (čžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoeng⁶
    • Yale: jeuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhóng
    • Hakka Romanization System: cong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tiōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tiông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuɔŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thn̄g
    • Tâi-lô: thn̄g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰŋ̍³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰŋ̍²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thňg
    • Tâi-lô: thňg
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰŋ̍²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng
    • Tâi-lô: tiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǒng
    • Tâi-lô: tiǒng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiāng
    • Tâi-lô: tiāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ²²/

Note:

• thn̄g/thňg - vernacular;
• tiōng/tiǒng/tiāng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ziang⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiăng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zan
    • MiniDict: zan^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjangX

Rime
Character	杖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直兩切
Baxter	drjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/ȡiaŋX/
Wang Li	/ȡĭaŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[t]raŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*daŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	杖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhàng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjangX ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[t]raŋʔ/
English	stick (Sagart & Ma, 2020)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杖
Reading #	1/1
No.	16837
Phonetic component	丈
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	丈
Old Chinese	/*daŋʔ/

Definitions

杖

1. walking stick
2. staff; rod; cane; wand
3. (historical) flogging with a stick
4. ^† to flog (a prisoner)
5. ^† to support; to prop
6. ^† to hold; to grasp
7. ^† Alternative form of 仗 (zhàng, “to rely on; to depend on”)
8. (Eastern Min) Classifier for segments of sugarcane.

Compounds

• 不杖期夫
• 串杖
• 伯俞泣杖
• 倚杖
• 兵杖
• 几杖
• 刀杖器械
• 刑杖
• 哀杖
• 大杖則走 / 大杖则走
• 天杖
• 夾杖 / 夹杖
• 廷杖 (tíngzhàng)
• 手杖 (shǒuzhàng)
• 扶杖 (fúzhàng)
• 拐杖 (guǎizhàng)
• 拄杖 (zhǔzhàng)
• 持刀動杖 / 持刀动杖
• 拿刀動杖 / 拿刀动杖
• 搏杖
• 撇杖兒 / 撇杖儿
• 擔杖 / 担杖 (dànzhàng)
• 擀麵杖 / 擀面杖 (gǎnmiànzhàng)
• 明杖
• 杖子頭 / 杖子头
• 杖履
• 杖屨 / 杖屦
• 杖戟
• 杖斷 / 杖断
• 杖期
• 杖期夫
• 束杖理民
• 杖策
• 杖莫如信
• 杖藜
• 杖錢 / 杖钱
• 杖限
• 杖頭 / 杖头
• 杖頭木偶 / 杖头木偶
• 杖頭資 / 杖头资
• 杖頭錢 / 杖头钱
• 杖鼓 (zhànggǔ)
• 柱杖
• 枴杖 (guǎizhàng)
• 權杖 / 权杖 (quánzhàng)
• 泣杖
• 滿杖 / 满杖
• 禪杖 / 禅杖 (chánzhàng)
• 竹杖成龍 / 竹杖成龙
• 笞杖
• 策杖 (cèzhàng)
• 簳麵杖 / 簳面杖
• 綠玉杖 / 绿玉杖
• 脊杖
• 苴杖
• 葦戟桃杖 / 苇戟桃杖
• 葦杖 / 苇杖
• 藜杖 (lízhàng)
• 藤杖
• 虎杖 (hǔzhàng)
• 行杖
• 賣杖搖鈴 / 卖杖摇铃
• 邛杖
• 重杖
• 錫杖 / 锡杖 (xīzhàng)
• 雙頭火杖 / 双头火杖
• 魔杖 (mózhàng)
• 鳩杖 / 鸠杖
• 麵杖 / 面杖 (miànzhàng)
• 麵杖吹火 / 面杖吹火
• 齒杖 / 齿杖
• 龍頭拐杖 / 龙头拐杖

 

Descendants

• → Mongolian: зан (zan), ᠵᠠᠩ (ǰang)
• → Manchu: ᠵᠠᠩ (jang)

References

• “杖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

杖

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←ぢやう (dyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō)^{←ちやう (tyau, historical)}
• Kun: つえ (tsue, 杖)^{←つゑ (tuwe, 杖, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
杖
つえ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

⟨tuwe⟩ → /tuwe/ → /t͡suwe/ → /t͡suje/ → /t͡sue/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Alternative forms

• 筇, 丈

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つえ [tsúꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨe̞]

Noun

杖(つえ) • (tsue) ^{←つゑ (twe)?}

1. staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand
   • 2000 March 1, “古(こ)代(だい)魔(ま)導(どう)士(し) [Ancient Mage]”, in BOOSTER 7, Konami:

     数(かず)多(おお)くの杖(つえ)を持(も)ち、それぞれを使(つか)い分(わ)け多(た)彩(さい)な攻(こう)撃(げき)をする。

     Kazuōku no tsue o mochi, sorezore o tsukaiwake tasai na kōgeki o suru.

     He wields an array of wands, each of which is used for a distinctive attack.

2. something one leans on, a support
3. a cane used for corporal punishment
4. a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge

   Synonym: 粥杖 (kayuzue)

5. the stem of a pear
6. (historical) a traditional unit of length
   1. (historical) approximately 3 meters
   2. (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters
7. (historical) a traditional unit of area
   1. (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²

Usage notes

The Japanese term tsue can refer generally to a stick or staff of various lengths, as expressed by the range of English meanings apparent in the senses above.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
杖
じょう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 杖 (MC drjangX).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じょー [jóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞ː]

Noun

杖(じょう) • (jō) ^{←ぢやう (dyau)?}

1. a jo: a fighting staff, a little over 4 尺 (shaku, “a traditional unit of measure, about 30 cm or a foot”) long, shorter than a 棒 (bō, “quarterstaff”)
2. (historical) under the ancient Ritsuryō system, caning as a form of corporal punishment
3. (historical) a traditional unit of area: one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²

Coordinate terms

• 棒(ぼう) (bō): a bo staff

Compounds

• 錫(しゃく)杖(じょう) (shakujō): a khakkhara, a Buddhist monk's "sounding staff"
• 杖(じょう)道(どう) (jōdō): a traditional Japanese martial art using a shortened staff
• 杖(じょう)術(じゅつ) (jōjutsu): the techniques of jōdō, a traditional Japanese martial art using a shortened staff

References

• Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [장]

Hanja

Wikisource

杖 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

杖: Hán Nôm readings: trượng, rường

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.