生活
Chinese
[edit]to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw |
to live; alive; living to live; alive; living; work; workmanship | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (生活) |
生 | 活 | |
| alternative forms | 松豪 calligraphy brush | ||
| anagram | 活生 | ||
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sang1 wut6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng-uăk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng1 uah7 / seng1 uoh7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1sen-weq8; 1san-weq8
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄏㄨㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shenghuó
- Wade–Giles: shêng1-huo2
- Yale: shēng-hwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenghwo
- Palladius: шэнхо (šɛnxo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сынхуә (sɨnhuə, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /səŋ²⁴ xuə²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sang1 wut6
- Yale: sāng wuht
- Cantonese Pinyin: sang1 wut9
- Guangdong Romanization: seng1 wud6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐŋ⁵⁵ wuːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên-fa̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: senˊ fad
- Hagfa Pinyim: sen1 fad6
- Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴⁻¹¹ fat̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: senˋ fadˋ
- Sinological IPA: /sen⁵³ fat²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕng-uăk
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiŋ⁵⁵ (Ø-)ŋuaʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1 uah7 [Phonetic: seng5 uah7]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ uaʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1 uoh7 [Phonetic: seng5 uoh7]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ uoʔ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-oa̍h
- Tâi-lô: sng-ua̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: sng'oah
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /sŋ̍³³ uaʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-hoa̍t
- Tâi-lô: sing-hua̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: senghoat
- IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-hoa̍t
- Tâi-lô: sng-hua̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: snghoat
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³ huat̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sên1 uah8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ ua̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /sẽ³³⁻²³ uaʔ⁴/
- Wu
Note:
- 1sen-weq8 - literary reading, "life";
- 1san-weq8 - vernacular reading, "job, task".
- Middle Chinese: sraeng|sraengH hwat
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ [ɡ]ʷˤat/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ|sreŋs ɡoːd/
Noun
[edit]生活
- life (activities in life)
- 日常生活 ― rìcháng shēnghuó ― everyday life
- 城市生活 ― chéngshì shēnghuó ― urban life
- 生活節奏／生活节奏 ― shēnghuó jiézòu ― pace of life
- 豪華生活／豪华生活 ― háohuá shēnghuó ― high life
- 熱愛生活／热爱生活 ― rè'ài shēnghuó ― to love one's life
- 生活態度／生活态度 ― shēnghuó tàidù ― outlook on life
- 人民生活步步高 ― rénmín shēnghuó bùbùgāo ― the lives of the people improve step by step
- livelihood
- (dialectal) job; task
- 做.生活 [Shanghainese] ― 5tsu 1san-weq [Wugniu] ― to work (lit. "to do a task")
- 實際上，拿莫溫對待外頭工人，也並不怎樣客氣，因為除了打罵之外，還有更巧妙的方法，譬如派給你難做的「生活」，或者調你去做不願意去做的工作。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1935, Xia Yan, 《包身工》 [Indentured Labor]
- Shíjì shàng, námòwēn duìdài wàitou gōngrén, yě bìng bù zěnyàng kèqi, yīnwèi chúle dǎmà zhīwài, háiyǒu gèng qiǎomiào de fāngfǎ, pìrú pài gěi nǐ nán zuò de “shēnghuó”, huòzhě diào nǐ qù zuò bù yuànyì qù zuò de gōngzuò. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
实际上，拿莫温对待外头工人，也并不怎样客气，因为除了打骂之外，还有更巧妙的方法，譬如派给你难做的「生活」，或者调你去做不愿意去做的工作。 [MSC, simp.]
- (dialectal Mandarin) calligraphy brush; inkbrush
Synonyms
[edit]- (livelihood):
- (task): 活 (huó)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 職, 業 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 職業, 工作 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 工作 |
| Singapore | 工, 工作 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 工 |
| Hong Kong | 工 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 工 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭路 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭路 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭路 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭路 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭路 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭路 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 |
| Quanzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 | |
| Jinjiang | 頭路 | |
| Zhangzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 | |
| Taipei | 頭路 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭路, 職業 | |
| Kaohsiung | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 | |
| Yilan | 工課, 頭路, 職業 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 工課, 頭路, 職業 | |
| Taichung | 頭路, 工課, 穡頭 | |
| Tainan | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 | |
| Hsinchu | 頭路, 工課 | |
| Kinmen | 頭路, 工課 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 工課 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 工課, 工 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 工, 頭路, 工課 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 頭路 | |
| Jieyang | 工課 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 工, 工課 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 工 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 生活, 營生 | |
| Suzhou | 行當 | |
| Danyang | 生活 | |
| Ningbo | 生活, 行當 | |
| Wenzhou | 行當 | |
| Jinhua | 行當, 事幹, 生活 | |
Verb
[edit]生活
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 最低生活保障 (zuìdī shēnghuó bǎozhàng)
- 實際生活體驗 / 实际生活体验 (shíjì shēnghuó tǐyàn)
- 性生活 (xìngshēnghuó)
- 愛情生活 / 爱情生活 (àiqíng shēnghuó)
- 日常生活 (rìcháng shēnghuó)
- 游牧生活 (yóumù shēnghuó)
- 物質生活 / 物质生活 (wùzhì shēnghuó)
- 生活伴侶 / 生活伴侣 (shēnghuó bànlǚ)
- 生活問題 / 生活问题 (shēnghuó wèntí)
- 生活圈 (shēnghuóquān)
- 生活導師 / 生活导师 (shēnghuó dǎoshī)
- 生活態度 / 生活态度
- 生活成本 (shēnghuó chéngběn)
- 生活技能 (shēnghuó jìnéng)
- 生活教練 / 生活教练 (shēnghuó jiàoliàn)
- 生活方式 (shēnghuó fāngshì)
- 生活條件 / 生活条件 (shēnghuó tiáojiàn)
- 生活標準 / 生活标准 (shēnghuó biāozhǔn)
- 生活水平 (shēnghuó shuǐpíng)
- 生活照 (shēnghuózhào)
- 生活用品 (shēnghuó yòngpǐn)
- 生活費 / 生活费 (shēnghuófèi)
- 生活費用 / 生活费用 (shēnghuó fèiyòng)
- 生活資料 / 生活资料 (shēnghuó zīliào)
- 生活質量 / 生活质量 (shēnghuó zhìliàng)
- 生活館 / 生活馆 (shēnghuóguǎn)
- 私生活 (sīshēnghuó)
- 精神生活 (jīngshén shēnghuó)
- 維持生活 / 维持生活 (wéichí shēnghuó)
Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (生活):
See also
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 生 | 活 |
| せい Grade: 1 |
かつ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]生活 • (seikatsu) ←せいくわつ (seikwatu)?
- life; livelihood; daily living.
- 生活を送る ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Usage notes
[edit]生活 is distinct from several other Japanese words that may also be translated to English as "life". In particular, it means "day-to-day life as it is experienced; lifestyle; one's usual activities, habits, and routines". Compare the terms below, which may also be rendered as "life" in English:
- 生存 (seizon, “life”): Action involved in staying alive, as in "signs of life".
- 命 (inochi, “life”): The state of being alive, an animating force, or life as a whole (from birth to death).
- 生命 (seimei, “life”): Biological life in general, particularly in scientific contexts.
- 存在 (sonzai, “life”): Being; either the state of existing or a thing that exists.
- 人生 (jinsei, “life”): A person's narrative, experience, and/or accomplishments from birth to death.
- 寿命 (jumyō, “life”): Lifespan or life expectancy.
- 残機 (zanki, “life”): A video-game life; a chance to play.
- 元気 (genki, “life”): Liveliness.
Synonyms
[edit]- 暮らし (kurashi)
Derived terms
[edit]- 生活費 (seikatsuhi): living expenses
- 生活様式 (seikatsu-yōshiki): life style
- 実生活 (jisseikatsu): actual life
- 日常生活 (nichijō-seikatsu): daily life
Verb
[edit]生活する • (seikatsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 生活し (seikatsu shi), past 生活した (seikatsu shita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "生活する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 生活し | せいかつし | seikatsu shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 生活し | せいかつし | seikatsu shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 生活する | せいかつする | seikatsu suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 生活する | せいかつする | seikatsu suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 生活すれ | せいかつすれ | seikatsu sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 生活せよ¹ 生活しろ² |
せいかつせよ¹ せいかつしろ² |
seikatsu seyo¹ seikatsu shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 生活される | せいかつされる | seikatsu sareru | |
| Causative | 生活させる 生活さす |
せいかつさせる せいかつさす |
seikatsu saseru seikatsu sasu | |
| Potential | 生活できる | せいかつできる | seikatsu dekiru | |
| Volitional | 生活しよう | せいかつしよう | seikatsu shiyō | |
| Negative | 生活しない | せいかつしない | seikatsu shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 生活せず | せいかつせず | seikatsu sezu | |
| Formal | 生活します | せいかつします | seikatsu shimasu | |
| Perfective | 生活した | せいかつした | seikatsu shita | |
| Conjunctive | 生活して | せいかつして | seikatsu shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 生活すれば | せいかつすれば | seikatsu sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 生 | 活 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 生 | 活 |
Noun
[edit]生活
Categories:
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