良知

Chinese

		good; very; very much	to know; to be aware
simp. and trad. (良知)		良	知

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liángzhī

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄓ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁴ zi¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liông-ti / liâng-ti

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁵ zai¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liángzhī
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄓ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liángjhih
    • Wade–Giles: liang²-chih¹
    • Yale: lyáng-jr̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liangjy
    • Palladius: лянчжи (ljančži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: loeng⁴ zi¹
    • Yale: lèuhng jī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴ dzi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴ ji¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông-ti
    • Tâi-lô: liông-ti
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liongdy
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ti³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ti⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ti⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng-ti
    • Tâi-lô: liâng-ti
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liangdy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³⁻²² ti⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liaŋ²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liang⁵ zai¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâng tsai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

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• Middle Chinese: ljang trje

Rime
Character	良	知
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	呂章切	陟移切
Baxter	ljang	trje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/	/ʈiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/	/ʈiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/	/ȶjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/	/ʈiə̆/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/	/ȶie/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/	/ȶǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/	/ȶie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng4	zi1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ  tre/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raŋ  ʔl'e/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	良	知
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›	‹ trje ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aŋ/	/*tre/
English	good	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	良	知
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8046	11495
Phonetic component	良	矢
Rime group	陽	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/	/*ʔl'e/
Notes	甲金文象宮外兩邊有廊爲廊初文， 王侍從常在廊， 遂稱之良或郎得貴官義	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲

Noun

良知

1. innate sense of right and wrong; innate knowledge; conscience

   喚醒人們的良知／唤醒人们的良知  ―  huànxǐng rénmen de liángzhī  ―  to awaken the conscience of people

   • 人之所不學而能者，其良能也。所不慮而知者，其良知也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     人之所不学而能者，其良能也。所不虑而知者，其良知也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Rén zhī suǒ bù xué ér néng zhě, qí liángnéng yě. Suǒ bù lǜ ér zhī zhě, qí liángzhī yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (literary) bosom friend

   • 我志誰與亮？賞心惟良知。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     我志谁与亮？赏心惟良知。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 423, Xie Lingyun, 《遊南亭》

     Wǒ zhì shéi yǔ liàng? Shǎngxīn wéi liángzhī. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• (conscience):

edit

• 人心 (rénxīn)
• 人性 (rénxìng)
• 天良 (tiānliáng)
• 本心 (běnxīn)
• 良心 (liángxīn)
• 靈魂／灵魂 (línghún)

 

• (bosom friend):

edit

• 友好 (yǒuhǎo)
• 同袍 (tóngpáo) (literary)
• 執友／执友 (zhíyǒu) (literary)
• 好友 (hǎoyǒu)
• 相知 (xiāngzhī)
• 知交 (zhījiāo)
• 知友 (zhīyǒu)
• 知己 (zhījǐ)
• 知心 (zhīxīn)
• 知心朋友 (zhīxīn péngyou)
• 知言 (zhīyán) (literary)
• 知遇 (zhīyù) (literary)
• 知音 (zhīyīn)
• 良朋 (liángpéng) (literary)
• 高朋 (gāopéng) (literary)
• 齒輪／齿轮 (ci³ nen²) (Sichuanese)

 

Derived terms

• 良知良能

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (良知):

• → Korean: 량지(良知) (ryangji), 양지(良知) (yangji)
• → Vietnamese: lương tri (良知)