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非

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 韭, 兆, and 北
非 U+975E, 非
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-975E
← 靝
[U+975D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 靟 →
[U+975F]
⾮ U+2FAE, ⾮
KANGXI RADICAL WRONG
← ⾭
[U+2FAD] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾯ →
[U+2FAF]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 175 非

非 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 中一尸卜 (LMSY) or 中一卜卜卜 (LMYYY), four-corner 11111, composition ⿰⿰三丨⿰丨三(G) or ⿰⿰⿱𠄟㇀丿⿰丨三(HTK) or ⿰⿻⿰𠄟丿㇀⿰丨三(J) or ⿰⿰三丿⿰丨三(V))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1382, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42585
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1894, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4086, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+975E

Chinese

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trad. 非
simp. # 非

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 非
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (非) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
啡 *pʰɯːlʔ
排 *brɯːl
俳 *brɯːl
輫 *brɯːl, *buːl
悲 *prɯl
棑 *breː, *brɯːls
輩 *puːls
裴 *buːl, *bɯl
徘 *buːl
琲 *buːlʔ
痱 *buːlʔ, *pɯds, *bɯl, *bɯls
非 *pɯl
扉 *pɯl
緋 *pɯl
猆 *pɯl
斐 *pɯl, *pʰɯlʔ
馡 *pɯl
騑 *pɯl, *pʰɯl
誹 *pɯl, *pɯlʔ, *pɯls
餥 *pɯl, *pɯlʔ
匪 *pɯlʔ
棐 *pɯlʔ
蜚 *pɯlʔ, *bɯls
篚 *pɯlʔ
榧 *pɯlʔ
鯡 *pɯls
霏 *pʰɯl
菲 *pʰɯl, *pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls
婔 *pʰɯl
裶 *pʰɯl
悱 *pʰɯlʔ
奜 *pʰɯlʔ
腓 *bɯl, *bɯls
陫 *bɯlʔ
屝 *bɯls
厞 *bɯls
翡 *bɯls

Pictogram (象形) - two wings facing opposite directions. Originally, it represented wings; then, according to Xu Shen, its meaning changed into "leave; disobey" (違). Eventually, it was used perhaps as a phonetic loan to mean "not to be".

Unrelated to the Kangxi radical 韭.

Etymology

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非 (OC *pɯj) is the fusion of the negation particle 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) and the copula 惟 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”), attested in oracle bone inscriptions.

“to have got to”
From clipping of 非……不可 (fēi ... bùkě).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 非
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 微 (21)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 甫微切
Baxter pj+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʉi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʷɨi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puj/
Li
Rong 		/piuəi/
Wang
Li 		/pĭwəi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pwe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fēi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fei1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 非
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fēi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjɨj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pəj/
English is not

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 非
Reading # 1/1
No. 3076
Phonetic
component 		非
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		猆
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯl/

Definitions

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非

  1. not be; is not; not
    非常  ―  fēicháng  ―  unusual
  2. to run counter to; to not conform to
    非法  ―  fēifǎ  ―  illegal
  3. (logic) NOT
  4. wrong; incorrect
    是非  ―  shìfēi  ―  right and wrong
  5. to reproach; to blame
    無可厚非／无可厚非  ―  wúkěhòufēi  ―  to give no cause for criticism
  6. (colloquial) Used to insist on something. to have got to; to simply must
    不行，我非得走。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Bùxíng, wǒ fēi děi zǒu. [Pinyin]
    No, I must go.
  7. Short for 非洲 (Fēizhōu, “Africa”).
    北非  ―  běifēi  ―  North Africa
  8. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 非 (MC pj+j)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (非):
  • → Japanese: 非(ひ) (hi)
  • → Korean: 비(非) (bi)
  • → Vietnamese: phi (非)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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非

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: それる (soreru)、そしる (soshiru, 非る)、あらず (arazu, 非ず)

Pronunciation

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(accent only applies as a noun)

Prefix

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非(ひ) • (hi-) 

  1. negative prefix: in-, non-, un-

Compounds

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Noun

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非(ひ) • (hi) 

  1. evil, wrong, wrongdoing
    Antonym: 是 (ze)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 非 (MC pj+j). Recorded as Middle Korean 비 (pi) (Yale: pi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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  • (in 비단 (非但, bidan)):
  • (not; un-; in-; non-; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pi(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [비(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

非 (eumhun 아닐 비 (anil bi))

  1. hanja form? of 비 (“not”)
  2. hanja form? of 비 (“un-; in-; non-”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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非: Hán Nôm readings: phi[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of phi (“not”).
  2. chữ Hán form of phi (“un-; in-; non-”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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