Diseño de Interiores

IDIOMA EXTRANJERO
MANUAL AUTOFORMATIVO

UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA
IDIOMA EXTRANJERO

Autor:
Lic. Juselly Leslie Flores Mucha
Docente:

Lic. Juselly Leslie Flores Mucha

Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológica “Continental”

Material publicado con fines de estudio
Edición: Pedro R. Fernandez Coca
Composición: Luis Pineda Coronel
Diseño de Portada: Ángel Aliaga Huere
Primera edición
Huancayo, 2017
 Introducción

La Unidad Didáctica de Idioma Extranjero pertenece al plan curricular de la

Carrera Profesional Técnica de Contabilidad, el cual se desarrolla dentro de la
modalidad Semipresencial “Título para emprendedores”, el presente es un
Manual Autoformativo material idóneo dentro de su formación Técnico
Superior.

El Inglés como lengua extranjera es muy importante debido al uso de éste

idioma a nivel mundial. Es así como la asignatura de Idioma Extranjero trata
de aquellos temas que permite a los estudiantes desarrollar las habilidades y
destrezas necesarias que lo ayudarán a comunicarse en el idioma que se va
aprendiendo y más importante aún, aplicar lo aprendido en el ámbito
profesional.

De esta manera se desarrollará elementos de la Capacidad Terminal de la

Unidad didáctica, debidamente organizados y sistematizados tomando en
cuenta los principios pedagógicos y el sistema modular actual brindado por el
Ministerio de Educación, por ello en primer lugar se presenta la teoría
acompañados de ejemplos, de igual modo se muestran actividades para el
aula virtual, autoevaluación y finalmente la metacognición de su aprendizaje.

Para el estudio del manual se sugiere la siguiente secuencia en cada Elemento

de la Capacidad Terminal:

Realizar el estudio de los contenidos, el cual será de carácter analítico y

reflexivo.
Realizar subrayados, resúmenes usando esquemas que ayuden a asimilar
la información que permitan el repaso de los temas.
Desarrollar las actividades de autoevaluación y metacognición por cada
tema.
Desarrollar las actividades programadas para cada semana en el aula
virtual, con la asesoría del Docente y el Tutor.

Por tanto Ud. requiere de un conocimiento directo, práctico del Idioma

Extranjero que permita aplicar y emprender nuevos retos, tomando casos
prácticos de su entorno y logrando conocimientos de la Idioma Extranjero a
través de una aplicación objetiva, la motivación y nuevas metodologías para
desarrollar y consolidar su desarrollo técnico profesional.

El autor
 PROPÓSITO DEL MANUAL

Al finalizar el presente manual, los alumnos serán

capaces de explicar y poner en práctica lo aprendido;
por medio de productos académicos orientados al
contexto profesional competitivo, a fin que fortalezcan
sus competencias y logren la capacidad terminal del
Idioma Extranjero y de esa manera apoyar la
construcción de los conocimientos y del aprendizaje.
 Presentación
de la Unidad
Didáctica

CAPACIDAD TERMINAL

Establecer una comunicación básica verbal, escrita y gestual para transmitir y recibir
información teniendo en cuenta la interpretación, comprensión de textos orales y
escritos básicos que permitan resolver situaciones conflictivas y establecer los
términos que delimiten una relación personal y profesional dentro del área laboral.

MATRIZ DE APRENDIZAJE:

Primer Elemento de la Segundo Elemento de Tercer Elemento de la

Capacidad la Capacidad Capacidad
Explicar el uso del verbo to – be Interpretar las reglas Interpretar las reglas
en sus formas afirmativas, gramaticales del tiempo gramaticales del tiempo
negativa e interrogativas presente. pasado.

Criterio de
Criterio de
Criterio de Evaluación III:
Evaluación II:
Evaluación I: Analiza y completa (The past of be
Analiza y completa (the first, the
Transfiere lo aprendido (basic was – were and the conjugation of
second and third person
vocabulary - verb to be in verbs according to the rules in
conjugation in affirmative, negative
affirmative, negative and affirmative, negative and
and interrogative forms).
interrogative forms). interrogative forms)

Tema 1 – Tema 5 Tema 6 – Tema 10

Tema 11 – Tema 15

TIEMPO MINIMO DE ESTUDIO:

Criterio I: Criterio II: Criterio III:

12 horas 12 horas 12 horas
 Criterio I

Criterio de Evaluación I:

Transfiere lo aprendido (basic vocabulary - verb to be

in affirmative, negative and interrogative forms).
 STUDYING IN THE UK

A student at King’s School tells us what she likes about her English
course.

My name’s Carmen García and I’m a student at King’s School, which

is a language school in Glasgow. I’m Spanish, from Madrid, but my
mother is French. She’s a teacher in Madrid. The students at King’s
School are from many different countries. I’m in a class which has
students from Japan, Mexico, Germany, and Italy. It’s really
interesting to meet so many different people. The director of the
school is British, but my teacher is American. She’s from New York
and her name’s Helen. She’s very nice and she’s an excellent
teacher. Her classes are always great fun. José and Karl are probably
my best friends in the class. José is from Mexico and Karl is from
Berlin, in Germany. We always speak English together because
that’s the best way to learn.

Fuente: OXEDEN, Clive. (2006). New English File – Extra material: Oxford
University Press.
 TEMA 1
GET STARTED
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Utiliza vocabulario básico y muestra niveles de desarrollo en habilidades

cognitivas, comunicativas y de interacción social.

Tema N°1: Get started

1. Class instructions

 Good morning, everybody. Buenos días con todos.

 Good afternoon, everybody. Buenas tardes con todos.
 Hello, everyone. Hola a todos.
 May I come in, please? ¿Puedo ingresar, por favor?
 How are you today? ¿Cómo estás hoy?
 How do you say _________ in English? ¿Cómo se dice ____ en inglés?
 How do you spell that? ¿Cómo se deletrea eso?
 What’s __________in Spanish? ¿Qué es _____ en español?
 I don’t understand. No entiendo.
 Can you repeat, please? ¿Puedes repetir, por favor?
 Can you help me, please? ¿Puedes ayudarme, por favor?
 Open your books at page 52. Abran sus libros en la página 52.
 Close your books. Cierren sus libros
 Listen Escuchen
 Repeat after me. Repitan después de mi.
 This is your homework Esto es tarea para la casa
 Study for the test Estudien para su examen
2. The alphabet

Deletrea las siguientes palabras de forma verbal

 HOUSE

 FATHER

 AMERICAN

 FISHING

 MOBILE

3. The numbers 0-20

 Practice the numbers:

4. Classroom objects
 Elabora una lista en inglés de los objetos del aula de clases que aparecen en la
imagen:

 _______________  _______________

 _______________  _______________

 _______________  _______________

 _______________  _______________

 _______________  ______________

 _______________  _______________

5. Greetings

GREETINGS GOODBYES/FAREWELLS
Good morning  Buenos días. Good-bye./Bye  Adiós.

Good afternoon  Buenas tardes. Good night  Buenas noches (al

despedirse)
Good evening  Buenas noches.
See you later  Hasta luego./Nos vemos.
Hello. (más formal), Hi. (menos formal),
Hey. (muy informal)  Hola. See you tomorrow  Hasta mañana.

How are you?  ¿Cómo estás?/¿Cómo See you soon  Hasta pronto.
está Ud.?
See you then  Hasta entonces.

Take care  Cuídate./Cuídese./Cuídense.

 TEMA 2
EL VERBO BE (AFFIRMATIVE)
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Utiliza pronombres básicos y la conjugación del verbo to be en todas sus

formas, mostrando motivación y compromiso personal para con la
transferencia de lo aprendido y lo hace de manera creativa

Tema N°2: EL VERBO TO BE (AFFIRMATIVE)

1. Subject pronouns: Son los pronombres que cumplen la función de sujeto

Pronombres (en Ejemplo

función de sujeto)

I I am happy.
yo Yo estoy feliz.

you You are tall.

tú, usted Tú eres alto. / Usted es alto.

he He is handsome.
él Él es guapo.

she She is pretty.

ella Ella es bonita.

it It is cold today.
ello (neutro) Hoy hace frío.

we We are tired.
nosotros Nosotros estamos cansados.

You are angry.

you
Vosotros estáis enfadados. / Ustedes están
vosotros, ustedes
enfadados.

they They are at the cinema.

ellos, ellas Ellos están en el cine.

14
Escribe el pronombre correcto

15
 Reemplaza las palabras subrayadas por los pronombres de sujeto
correspondiente:

1. Patricia has a beautiful cat. _____________________________________

2. Dany and Lucas are in the park. _____________________________________

3. Jimmy likes Katherine. _____________________________________

4. Ms. Johnson is a good teacher. _____________________________________

5. Kevin has a computer. _____________________________________

6. Tom and John study in my house. _____________________________________

7. My friends play video games. _____________________________________

8. My mother cooks in my house. _____________________________________

9. The students are in the class. _____________________________________

10. My dog is black. _____________________________________

2. The verb Be in affirmative

El verbo TO BE en el tiempo presente aparece con tres formas diferentes am, is, are.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM CONTRACTIONS

I am I am I'm

You are You are You' re

He is He is He's

She is She is She's

It is It is It's

We are We are We're

You are You are You're

They are They are They're

El verbo to be se contraen junto con sus pronombres para hacer una sola palabra en forma escrita y
oral.

16
The affirmative form of the verb to be ( ser o estar)

I am yo soy/ yo estoy

You are tu eres o estas

He is él es o está

She is ella es o está

It is eso es o esta

We are nosotros somos o estamos

You are ustedes son o están

They are ellos o ellas son o están

Escribe las siguientes oraciones usando contracciones:

 They are good friends. _______________________________________

 He is my brother. _______________________________________
 She is in the kitchen. _______________________________________
 It is a big city. _______________________________________
 He is Andrew. _______________________________________
 She is beautiful. _______________________________________
 We are in the hospital. _______________________________________
 Susy is in the classroom. _______________________________________

3. Possesive adjectives

17
 Reemplaza el pronombre entre paréntesis por el adjetivo posesivo respectivo:

1. Where is (I) __________ book?

2. Here is (we) __________ teacher.
3. She goes to school with (she) __________ brother.
4. (They) __________ father works in a car factory.
5. (You) __________ laptop is very expensive.
6. (He) __________ favorite hobby is tennis.
7. (I) __________ husband and I want to go to Paris.
8. We want to see (it) __________ historical monuments.
9. Leila likes (she) __________ dog !
10. (It) __________ name is Bobby.

4. Personal information

NAMES
What is your name?
My name is ______________.

What is your surname / last name?

My surname / last name is _______________.

18
WORK & OCCUPATION
What do you do?
I am a _____________.

MARITAL STATUS
Are you married / single?
Yes, I am. / No I'm not.

AGE
How old are you?
I am _______ years old.

CONTACT INFORMATION
Where are you from?
I am from ____________.

What is your address?

My address is _________________________.

What is your phone number?

My phone number is _________________.

What is your cell phone number?

My cell phone number is __________________.

What is your e-mail address?

My e-mail address is _______.

ASK AND ANSWER:

Work in pairs: Pregunta a dos compañeros de clase acerca de sus datos personales,
utiliza las preguntas y respuestas practicadas. Puedes utilizar el chat para realizar esta
práctica.

19
 TEMA 3
EL VERBO TO BE (AFFIRMATIVE AND
NEGATIVE)
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Utiliza pronombres básicos y la conjugación del verbo to be en todas sus formas,

mostrando motivación y compromiso personal para con la transferencia de lo
aprendido y lo hace de manera creativa

Tema N°3: EL VERBO TO BE (AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE)

1. The verb To Be negative form

La estructura del 'simple present' en forma negativa es:

SUJETO + VERBO + NOT + COMPLEMENT

She is not a teacher.
Adam is not in his house.

FULL FORM CONTRACTIONS

I am not I'm not

You are not You're not You aren't

He is not He's not He isn't

She is not She's not She isn't

It is not It's not It isn't

We are not We're not We aren't

You are not You're not You aren't

They are not They're not They aren't

La forma negativa, al igual que la afirmativa, se puede contraer.

20
Ejemplos

FULL FORM CONTRACTION

I am not tall I'm not tall

You are not Irish You aren't Irish

He is not rich He's not rich

She is not clever She isn't clever

It is not big It's not big

We are not ugly We aren't ugly

You are not funny You're not funny

They are not English They aren't English

Escribe las siguientes oraciones en forma negativa utilizando contracciones:

 I am a good student. I’m not a good student.

 We are old Friends. _______________________________

 He is a student. _______________________________

 The pencil is on the desk. _______________________________

 She is absent from class today. _______________________________

 They are friends. _______________________________

 The weather today is good. _______________________________

 The sky is clear. _______________________________

 They are brothers. _______________________________

 The child is in the garden. _______________________________

 We are cousins. _______________________________

 She is a young woman. _______________________________

 He is a businessman. _______________________________

 He is a lawyer. _______________________________

2. Personal things and favorites

21
 1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11
12

13 14
15

16 17 18

1. Watch ____________________

2. Wallet ____________________

3. Mobile ____________________

4. Portfolio ____________________

5. Key ____________________

6. Flash drive memory ____________________

7. Credit card ____________________

22
 8. ID card ____________________

9. Briefcase ____________________

10. Umbrela ____________________

11. Bag ____________________

12. Money ____________________

13. Pencil ____________________

14. Pen ____________________

15. Lighter ____________________

16. Calculator ____________________

17. Notebook ____________________

18. Highlighter ____________________

3. Adjectives: son palabras que describen características de un sujeto.

Revisa tu diccionario y escribe a lado de cada palabra su significado en español.

Para utilizar los adjetivos se pueden seguir dos estructuras:

Adjective + noun (adjetivo + sustantivo) This is a big house.

Verb Be + adjective (el verbo BE + adjetivo) This house is big.

Elabora cuatro ejemplos utilizando el vocabulario aprendido sobre objetos personales

y adjetivos. Puedes compartirlos a través del foro.

23
 TEMA 4
EL VERBO TO BE - QUESTIONS
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Habilidad para aplicar lo aprendido en un contexto, a un contexto nuevo y de la vida

real.

Tema N°4: EL VERBO TO BE – QUESTIONS

1. Countries and Nationalities

Escribe cuatro ejemplo más para cada columna (COUNTRIES Y NATIONALITIES)

____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________

24
 PRACTICE:

A: Where are you from?

B: I’m from ___________ .

A: What’s your nationality?

B: I’m ___________ .

Usa diferentes países y nacionalidades.

2. The verb be for questions

Subject and verb change their position in statement and question.

 Sentence: You are from Germany.

 Question: Are you from Germany?

We always use the short answer, not only Yes or No.

NOTE:

If the answer is Yes, we always use the long form. → Example: Yes, I am. (NO CONTRACTIONS)

If the answer is No, we use the long or the contracted form (short form). → Example: No, I am not →
No, I'm not.

Verb Subject Rest Yes/No Subject Verb

Are you from Germany? Yes, I am.

am not
Are you from Germany? No, I
'm not.

Is he your friend? Yes, he is.

Are Peter and John from England? Yes, they are.

3. Writing activity

Crea cuatro preguntas similares a los ejemplos:

 __________________________  __________________________

 __________________________  __________________________

25
 TEMA 5
PRESENT SIMPLE: AFFIRMATIVE
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Utiliza la conjugación de verbos correctamente mostrando disposición para

trabajar junto a otras personas para la consecución de un bien común, que
se convierte en el hilo conductor hacia determinadas metas.

Tema N°5: Present Simple: Affirmative, third person rules (conjugation of verbs)
and Pronunciation

1. Daily routines (verbs)

Revisa en tu diccionario el significado de los verbos de la lista.

26
2. The present simple affirmative

Para utilizar el presente simple se debe tener en cuenta los siguientes casos

 Acciones repetitivas:
My friend often draws nice posters.

 Acontecimientos generales
The sun rises every day.

 Eventos con horarios o lugares establecidos

The plane flies to London every Monday.

 Secuencia de eventos en presente

First I get up, then I have breakfast.

EXPRESIONES COMUNES

 sometimes (a veces)
 every day (todos los días)
 never (nunca)
 often (frecuentemente)
 hardly ever (casi nunca)
 always (siempre)

Affirmative sentences in the Simple Present

Long forms Contracted forms

I read books.

You read books. not possible

He reads books.

Affirmative sentences in the Simple Present

Para formar oraciones afirmativas en presente simple existen dos casos:

 Para los pronombres I, you, they, we se utiliza el verbo en forma simple. Por
ejemplo:

27
 - I get up at 7:00.

- You cook lunch ever day.

- They never watch TV.

 Para los pronombres he, she, it se utiliza el verbo agregándole -s, -es, -ies.

Si el verbo termina en la letra “-e” u otras letras como “k, t, y, etc” se

agrega sólo “s” Por ejemplo:

- She lives in Lima.

- He stops in Lima.

Si el verbo termina en las siguientes consonantes “-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x” se
agrega “es” Por ejemplo:

- He watches TV every night.

- She fixes her laptop.

Si el verbo termina en la letra “-y” existen dos casos. Si es una vocal y luego
la “y” por ejemplo “-ay, -ey, etc”, se agrega solo la “s”. si es una
consonante y luego la “y” por ejemplo “-ry, -dy, etc” entonces debe cambiar
la “y” por la “i” y luego agregar “es”.

- It plays in the park.

- She cries at night.

General examples:

 I play football.

 You play football.

 He plays football.

 She plays football.

 It plays football.

 We play football.

28
  You play football.

 They play football.

► he, she, it → Do not forget the -s.

Write the he/she form of the following verbs:

1. do does 8. Worry ____________

2. study ____________ 9. play ____________

3. teach ____________ 10. grow ____________

4. say ____________ 11. Watch ____________

5. cry ____________ 12. miss ____________

6. dance ____________ 13. hurry ____________

7. fix ____________ 1 14. stop ____________

Circle the correct answer :

1. I plays / play tennis every afternoon.

2. My parents live / lives in Ramat-Gan.

3. Tom listens / listen to the radio in the morning.

4. We eat / eats eggs for breakfast every morning.

5. My dog barks / bark at night.

6. Mrs. Gold sweep / sweeps the stairs once a week.

7. My brother never watches / watch television.

8. My family go / goes to the beach together in the summer.

9. I often eat / eats dinner at my grandmother’s house.

10. Sharon do / does her homework regularly.

11. They takes / take a bath daily.

12. You seldom listen / listens in class.

13. Dana and Liat goes / go to the swimming pool every afternoon.

14. I never hurt / hurts my cat.

15. He never finish / finishes his work on time.

29
Fuentes de Información
del criterio I

1. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS:

SCHRAMPFER, Betty (2006) – Basic English Grammar Third Edition:

Pearson Education.
OXEDEN, Clive (2006) – New English File: Oxford University Press.
WHITE, Lindsay (2003) – New American Headway: Oxford
University Press.
REDSTONE, Chris – CUNNINGHAM, Gillie – face2face: Cambridge
University Press

2. REFERENCIAS ELECTRONICAS:

BRITISH COUNCIL – Learn English. Sitio web:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar
ENGLISH GRAMMAR ONLINE Sitio web: https://www.ego4u.com/

30
 Glosario del
Criterio I

Vocabulario en inglés – nivel básico

Español Inglés

Los números The numbers

uno primero one first

dos segundo two second

tres tercero three third

cuatro cuarto four fourth

cinco quinto five fifth

seis sexto six sixth

siete séptimo seven seventh

ocho octavo eight eighth

nueve noveno nine ninth

diez décimo ten tenth

once undécimo eleven eleventh

doce duodécimo twelve twelfth

trece décimo-tercero thirteen thirteenth

veinte vigésimo twenty twentieth

treinta trigésimo thirty thirtieth

cien centésimo one hundred hundredth

mil milésimo one thousand thousandth

31
Español Inglés Español Inglés

blanco white Meses del año Months of the year

negro black Enero January

rojo red Febrero Febrery

verde green Marzo March

azul blue Abril April

morado purple Mayo May

marrón brown Junio June

amarillo yellow Julio July

rosa pink Agosto August

gris grey Septiembre September

Octubre October

Español Inglés
Noviembre November

Días de la semana Days of the week

Diciembre December

Lunes Monday

Martes Tuesday Adjetivos

Español Inglés
Miércoles Wednesday

alto tall
Jueves Thursday

bajo / corto short

Viernes Friday

largo long
Sábado Saturday

grande big
Domingo Sunday

pequeño small

viejo old

32
joven young fácil easy

nuevo new rápido fast / rapid

duro / difícil hard lento slow

suave soft

33
 Criterio II

Criterio de Evaluación II:

Analiza y completa (the first, the second and third person

conjugation in affirmative, negative and interrogative
forms).

34
 AN EMAIL TO A FRIEND

Read this email from Ben to Maria, they met in a restaurant and the want to
LECTURA DEL CRITERIO II

become friends.

Hi Maria

Do you remember me? My name’s Ben Sanders, I’m twenty-nine, and I’m
British. I live in a small flat in north London and I work as a secretary for a
big computer company in central London. I travel to work on the
underground, but I often work at home. I don’t smoke, but I drink a lot of
coffee!

What else can I tell you about myself? My family live in Brighton, on the south
coast of England. I have one brother and one sister. My brother works as a
waiter and my sister’s a nurse. Their names are Harry and Liz. My parents
are both teachers.

I love sport. I play football and basketball a few times a month and I watch
all the best matches on TV. My favourite food is Mexican. I’m very lucky
because my brother works in a Mexican restaurant, so I eat there when I visit
my family. I study French and Italian in my free time because one day I want
to live in France or Italy.

Please write and tell me about yourself.

Ben

Fuente: OXEDEN, Clive. (2006). New English File – Extra material: Oxford
University Press.

35
 TEMA 6
PRESENT SIMPLE: AFFIRMATIVE AND
NEGATIVE FORMS

Indicadores de evaluación:

 Utiliza la conjugación de verbos correctamente mostrando disposición para trabajar

junto a otras personas para la consecución de un bien común, que se convierte en el
hilo conductor hacia determinadas metas.

Tema N°6: PRESENT SIMPLE: AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMS

1. Free time activities:

Vocabulary:

FUENTE: www.grammar.cl

36
 Escribe cinco oraciones acerca de tus actividades de tiempo libre utilizando el
vocabulario nuevo:

 ______________________________________________

 ______________________________________________

 ______________________________________________

 ______________________________________________

 ______________________________________________

2. The simple present negative form

Para formar una oración negative en presente simple, se usan los auxiliary do y does,
junto a la palabra not y luego la forma simple del verbo.

Long forms Contracted forms

I do not clean the room. I don't clean the room.

You do not clean the room. You don't clean the room.

He does not clean the room. He doesn't clean the room.

Negative sentences in the Simple Present

We use the auxiliary do/does. Escribe las contracciones respectivas

 I do not play football. ________________________________

 You do not play football. ________________________________

 He does not play football. ________________________________

 She does notplay football. ________________________________

 It does not play football. ________________________________

 We do not play football. ________________________________

 You do not play football. ________________________________

 They do not play football. ________________________________

37
 TEMA 7
PRESENT SIMPLE: REVIEW AND
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Aplica la gramática en sus formas afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas para crear

nuevas oraciones-

TEMA N°7: PRESENT SIMPLE: AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE

FORMS

1. Review the present simple

38
2. Yes/No questions

You need the auxiliary do/does and the infinitive of the verb.

Long forms Contracted forms

Do I play football?

Do you play football? not possible

Does he play football?

1. Questions without question words in Simple Present

Auxiliary
Auxiliary Subject Verb Rest Yes/No Subject
(+ n't)

Yes, I do.
Do you read books?
No, I don't.

Yes, he does.
Does Peter play football?
No, he doesn't.

Revisa el siguiente esquema:

39
Complete these questions using the correct form of the auxiliary ‘do’ or ‘does’.

1. ________ you like English? Yes, I do/we do.

2. _________Bobby like noodles? No, he doesn’t.

3. _________ we have a test now? Yes, you do/we do.

4. __________ they have a test this morning? No, they don’t.

5. __________ Susie like ice cream? Yes, she does.

6.___________Tommy walk to school? Yes, he does.

7.___________you understand? Yes, I do.

8. ___________I read English books? No, you don’t.

9. ___________you remember me? Yes, I do.

10. ___________we have to stay after school? No, you don’t.

ASK AND ANSWER: Trabaja con tu compañero, responde a sus preguntas y luego
formúlale las tuyas.

Ejemplo:
A: Do you watch TV every night?
B: Yes, I do.

B: Do you play video games?

A: No I don’t.

40
 TEMA 8
THE PRESENT SIMPLE, INTERROGATIVE
FORM WH- QUESTIONS
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Responde preguntas utilizando gramática y vocabulario adecuados; y busca el

entendimiento entre varios individuos para el desarrollo de una actividad oral o
escrita.

TEMA N°8: PRESENT SIMPLE: AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE

FORMS (WH- QUESTIONS AND YES / NO QUESTIONS)-(SHORT AND LONG
ANSWERS)

1. Wh- words and questions

FUENTE: www.grammar.cl

41
2. Questions with question words in Simple Present:

Question
Auxiliary Subject Verb Rest Answer
word

on your I play games on

What do you play
computer? my computer.

your She goes to

When does go to work?
mother work at 6 o'clock.

I meet them at
Where do you meet your friends?
the bus stop.

WHO is only used when referring to people. (= I want to know the person)

Who is the best football player in the world?

Who are your best friends?

Who is that strange guy over there?

WHERE is used when referring to a place or location. (= I want to know the

place)

Where is the library?

Where do you live?

Where are my shoes?

WHEN is used to refer to a time or an occasion.

When do the shops open?

When is his birthday?

When are we going to finish?

WHY is used to obtain an explanation or a reason.

Why do we need a nanny?

Why are they always late?

Why does he complain all the time?

Normally the response begins with "Because..."

42
WHAT is used to refer to specific information. (= I want to know the thing)

What is your name?

What is her favorite color?

What is the time?

WHICH is used when a choice needs to be made.

Which drink did you order – the rum or the beer?

Which day do you prefer for a meeting – today or tomorrow?

Which is better - this one or that one?

HOW is used to describe the manner that something is done.

How do you cook paella?

How does he know the answer?

How can I learn English quickly?

How much – refers to a quantity or a price (uncountable nouns)

How much time do you have to finish the test?

How much is the jacket on display in the window?

How much money will I need?

How many – refers to a quantity (countable nouns)

How many days are there in April?

How many people live in this city?

How many brothers and sister do you have?

How often – refers to frequency

How often do you visit your grandmother?

How often does she study?

How often are you sick?

How far – refers to distance

How far is the university from your house?

How far is the bus stop from here?

43
Ordena las palabras para formar preguntas.

a. any / sisters / have / or / you / do / brothers?

_________________________________________________

b. do / study / your / where / you / lessons / English?

_________________________________________________

c. breakfast / do / for / drink / you / what?

_________________________________________________

d. do / afternoon / on what / Friday / do / usually / you?

_________________________________________________

e. hobbies / do / have / what / your / brothers?

_________________________________________________

f. do / usually / study / you / where / lessons / your / English?

_________________________________________________

g. do / you / in / the / classroom / where / sit?

_________________________________________________

h. do / your / holidays / where / you / go / for?

_________________________________________________

i. cost / much / dishdasha / does / your / how?

_________________________________________________

j. are / games / your / computer / what / favorite?

_________________________________________________

44
 TEMA 9
SIMPLE PAST OF THE VERB TO BE,
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Identifica y aplica la estructura de la gramática del pasado del verbo To Be y lo trabaja

de forma independiente, demostrando capacidad para juzgar y analizar.

Tema N°9: The Simple Past: The verb to Be (was - were), affirmative and negative.

1. Was – were

Was y Were, es la forma en pasado del verbo To Be

Para referirnos al presente y pasado, por ejemplo tenemos:

- This was Max.

- He was 35 years old.
- He was fat.
- He wasn’t happy.

45
 2. Affirmative sentences and negative sentences

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

I was at home. I wasn’t at home.

He was at home. He wasn’t at home. TIME EXPRESSIONS!
She was at home. She wasn’t at home.
It was at home. It wasn’t at home. Yesterday
You were at home. You weren’t at home. Last week/month/year
They were at home. Saturdays/Monday
They weren’t at
We were at home. home.
We weren’t at home.

Write the negatives:

a) She was thin. Ex. She wasn’t thin

b) They were at school. _____________________________________________

c) I was beautiful. _________________________________________________
d) We were hungry. ________________________________________________
e) He was my friend. _______________________________________________
f) She was sad. ___________________________________________________

Complete the chart:

PRESENT PAST
Jane is intelligent. Jane was intelligent
Peter isn’t short.
James is in Paris.
Chris and Sarah are at school.
I’m not sad.
We are at the park.

Choose and write was/were:

1) My friends __________________ in Brazil last week.

2) It __________________ Zoe’s birthday last Saturday.
3) Brian __________________ very hungry.
4) Peter and Dave __________________ at school yesterday morning.
5) The film __________________ very good.
6) Jenny and Brian __________________ friends last year.
7) She __________________ fat.

46
Complete with: was/were

Dear Max,

It ______________ Brian’s birthday yesterday! Zoe, Peter and Jenny

_____________ at the party. Jenny _____________ very pretty!

Nick ______________ not at the party. He ______________ in his house

with his family. The birthday cake ______________ very big and Brian’s

presents ______________ fantastic! We ______________ happy!

Love,
Dave

Circle the correct answer:

a) It was / were cold yesterday.

b) Jim wasn’t / weren’t at the cinema last Sunday.

c) The children was / were at the zoo last week.

d) My birthday wasn’t / weren’t yesterday evening.

e) We was / were very good friends.

f) My pencil wasn’t / weren’t on the table.

47
 TEMA 10
PAST SIMPLE OF THE VERB TO BE,
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Escribe y responde preguntas utilizando vocabulario y gramática adecuada para el

verbo To Be en pasado; y muestra niveles de desarrollo en su autonomía cognitiva y
afectiva.

Tema N°10: The Simple Past: The verb to Be (was - were) Interrogative
1. Review about the verb be in past form
Recordemos que la forma en pasado del verbo BE, es WAS y WERE. Se usa de la
siguiente manera:

(*) Para plural

Además en afirmativo y negativo, se utiliza de la siguiente forma:

48
2. Yes/No questions

Para formar interrogantes de este tipo se debe seguir la siguiente estructura:

WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT?

For example:

Write Yes/No questions to the following answers

1. Were you in the park on Saturday?

Yes, we were in the park on Saturday.

2. _______________________________________________

No, I wasn’t angry about what she said.

3. _______________________________________________

No, he wasn’t late this morning.

4. _______________________________________________

No, the weather was nice yesterday.

5. _______________________________________________

Yes, I was in the kitchen a minute ago.

6. _______________________________________________

No, Karen wasn’t sick yesterday.

7. _______________________________________________

No, Gal was in Israel last year.

8. _______________________________________________

Yes, Ben was in Haifa a week ago.

49
Fuentes de Información
del criterio II

3. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS:

SCHRAMPFER, Betty (2006) – Basic English Grammar Third Edition:

Pearson Education.
OXEDEN, Clive (2006) – New English File: Oxford University Press.
WHITE, Lindsay (2003) – New American Headway: Oxford University
Press.
REDSTONE, Chris – CUNNINGHAM, Gillie – face2face: Cambridge
University Press

4. REFERENCIAS ELECTRONICAS:

BRITISH COUNCIL – Learn English. Sitio web:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar
ENGLISH GRAMMAR ONLINE Sitio web: https://www.ego4u.com/

50
 Glosario del
Criterio II

Verbos en inglés Mesa Table

Español Inglés
Silla Chair

ser / estar be
Sillón Armchair

hacer do
Bolígrafo Pen

hacer (fabricar) make

Carpeta Folder

tener have
Libreta Note book

andar / pasear walk

Escritorio Desk

correr run
Fotocopiadora Printer

leer read

escribir write La ciudad

Español Inglés
dormir sleep

ciudad city
soñar dream

escuela / colegio school

ir go

banco bank
venir come

parque park
buscar search

calle street
encontrar find

tienda shop

La oficina iglesia church

Español Inglés
biblioteca library

Oficina Office
grandes almacenes department stores

Lápiz Pencil
mercado market

51
El hogar almuerzo lunch

Español Inglés
cena dinner

hogar home
leche milk

casa house
agua water

apartamento apartment / flat

pan bread

jardín garden
seta / champiñón mushroom

cocina kitchen
cebolla onion

comedor dining room

tomate tomato

dormitorio bed room

lechuga lettuce

sala de estar living room

ensalada salad

puerta door
limón lemon

ventana window
manzana apple

plátano banana
Los alimentos en inglés
sopa soup
Español Inglés

arroz rice
comida food

queso cheese
desayuno breakfast

52
 Criterio III

Criterio de Evaluación III:

Analiza y completa (The past of be was – were and the

conjugation of verbs according to the rules in affirmative,
negative and interrogative forms)

53
LECTURA DEL CRITERIO III

JHON LENNON AND THE BEATLES

John Lennon was born in Liverpool, England in 1940. He lived with his aunt
and uncle and went to school in Liverpool. Lennon was good at art, and after
school he went to the Liverpool College of Art. But he didn’t finish college; he
became interested in music. Lennon met Paul McCartney in 1957 and they
formed ‘The Beatles’ in 1960. The Beatles became a big success, and John
was rich. He got married twice: first to Cynthia Powell in 1962 and then to
the Japanese artist, Yoko Ono in 1969. He had two sons, Julian and Sean.
After Sean was born, Lennon decided to stop work and stay at home for four
years. He died in New York in 1980.

Fuente: BERMISON ORTEGA, Russell Frank. (2006). El Nuevo Marketing.

México: Pearson Prentice Hall.

54
 TEMA 11
THE SIMPLE PAST: THE VERB TO BE

Indicadores de evaluación:

 Utiliza el verbo To Be en tiempo pasado respetando las normas gramaticales que

corresponde para las formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa

TEMA 11: THE SIMPLE PAST: THE VERB TO BE (WAS - WERE),

INTERROGATIVE.(WH- QUESTIONS AND YES / NO QUESTIONS)-(SHORT
AND LONG ANSWERS)

1. To Be - Past Tense

The past tense of To Be in English has two forms: WAS and WERE

1.1 To Be - Affirmative

Subject To Be Examples

I was I was tired this morning.

You were You were very good.

He was He was the best in his class.

She was She was late for work.

It was It was a sunny day.

We were We were at home.

You were You were on holiday.

They were They were happy with their test results.

55
1.2 To Be - Negative Sentences

The negative of To Be can be made by adding not after the verb

(was or were).

Subject To Be Examples

I was not I was not tired this morning.

You were not You were not crazy.

He was not He was not married.

She was not She was not famous.

It was not It was not hot yesterday.

We were not We were not invited.

You were not You were not at the party.

They were not They were not friends.

1.3 To Be - Negative Contractions

You can make negative contractions of the verb To Be in the

Past tense by joining the verb (was or were) and n't (e.g. were
not = weren't).

I was not tired this morning. OR I wasn't tired this morning.

You were not crazy. OR You weren't crazy.

He was not married. OR He wasn't married.

She was not famous. OR She wasn't famous.

It was not hot yesterday. OR It wasn't hot yesterday.

We were not invited. OR We weren't invited.

You were not at the party. OR You weren't at the party.

They were not friends. OR They weren't friends.

56
 1.4 To Be - Questions

To create questions with To Be, you put the Verb before

the Subject.

Affirmative You were happy.

Subject Verb

Question Were you happy?

Verb Subject

Affirmative Question

I was late Was I late?

You were sick. Were you sick?

He was surprised. Was he surprised?

She was from Italy. Was she from Italy?

It was a big house. Was it a big house?

We were ready. Were we ready?

You were early. Were you early?

They were busy. Were they busy?

Before the verb you can also have a WH- Question word (Why, Who, What,
Where etc.)

Were you happy? Yes, I was.

Why were you happy? Because I was promoted at work.

57
 1.5 To Be - Short Answers

In spoken English, we usually give short answers in response to

questions.

Question Short Answers** Short Answers

Was I late? Yes, you were. No, you weren't.

Were you sick? Yes, I was. No, I wasn't.

Was he surprised? Yes, he was. No, he wasn't.

Was she from Italy? Yes, she was. No, she wasn't.

Was it a big house? Yes, it was. No, it wasn't.

Were we ready? Yes, we were. No, we weren't.

Were you early? Yes, we were. No, we weren't.

Were they busy? Yes, they were. No, they weren't.

TO BE in the Past Tense - Summary Chart

58
Complete the text with the correct form of was and were.

A boy named Jonathan 1_ _ _ having a birthday

party. He wore a party hat and blew a noise
maker. He 2 _ _ _ happy to have a party.

All the boys and girls 3 _ _ _ _ happy to be there.

At the party, the parents said “we are going to play

games.” The kids heard this. They 4 _ _ _ _
excited. They 5 _ _ _ _ jumping up and down and
yelling.

But one girl didn’t like a game. She thought the

game 6 _ _ _ boring. All afternoon, she sat by
herself because it 7 _ _ _ boring to her.

Some of the other children 8 _ _ _ _ mad at her because

they thought she 9 _ _ _ a party pooper. But Jonathan
didn’t and he 10 _ _ _ just glad she 11 _ _ _ there.

After a while, Jonathan’s dad said that

it 12 _ _ _ time for everyone to go
home. He 13 _ _ _ very very very tired.

Everyone took off their hats. They 14 ____ tired too.

It 15 _ _ _ a good party.

59
 TEMA 12
THE SIMPLE PAST – REGULAR AND
IRREGULAR VERBS
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Utiliza reglas para la correcta escritura y pronunciación de verbos en el pasado

tomando.

TEMA 12: THE SIMPLE PAST – REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

1. Use of Simple Past

 action in the past taking place once, never or several times

Example: He visited his parents every weekend.

 actions in the past taking place one after the other

Example: He came in, took off his coat and sat down.

 action in the past taking place in the middle of another action

Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

 if sentences type II (If I talked, …)

Example: If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you.

2. Simple past of regular verbs

The simple past is formed by adding –ed to the simple form of the verb.

base + ed = simple
form past

Walk walked

Push pushed

greet greeted

watch watched

60
 2.1 Spelling rules

3. Simple past of irregular verbs

The simple past for irregular verbs change in written and spoken form.

Simple Present Simple Past

be was, were

become became

begin began

break broke

bring brought

build built

buy bought

catch caught

choose chose

come came

cost cost

cut cut

do did

draw drew

drink drank

drive drove

61
 eat ate

fall fell

feed fed

feel felt

find found

fly flew

get got

give gave

go went

have had

hear heard

lose lost

make made

meet met

pay paid

put put

read read

run ran

say said

see saw

sit sat

sleep slept

spend spent

swim swam

take took

teach taught

tell told

think thought

understand understood

wear wore

win won

write wrote

Adapted from ©2001 Advanced Learning Center.

62
 4. Time expressions

Common Past Time Example Sentences Similar Expressions

Expressions

yesterday I walked to work yesterday. yesterday morning

(one day before today) yesterday evening
Yesterday, I walked to work. yesterday afternoon

the day before yesterday Redd bought a house the the week before last
(two days before today) day before yesterday. (week)
the night before last
The day before yesterday, (night)
Redd bought a house.

last night Avril travelled to Halifax lastlast time

(the most recent night) month. last week
last month
Last month, Avril travelled to
last year
Halifax.

this morning Kathleen called me this this afternoon

(an earlier time on the same morning. this evening
day)
This morning, Kathleen
called me.

one week ago Kenneth and his wife had a one hour ago
(a specific period of time in baby one week ago. one day ago
the past) one month ago
One week ago, Kenneth and one year ago
his wife had a baby.

in 1990 Darren finished university in in 1970

(a specific point in the past) 1990. in March
on Sunday
In 1990, Darren finished
university.

when + subject + past tense Paul played basketball when when I was born
verb he was a student.
when John finished high
(a specific period of time,
When he was a student, Paul school
event, or point in the past)
played basketball.
when I turned 18

63
 TEMA 13
THE SIMPLE PAST - AFFIRMATIVE
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Utiliza reglas para la correcta producción de oraciones o textos en forma afirmativa,

de manera verbal y escrita utilizando verbos en tiempo pasado.

TEMA 13: THE SIMPLE PAST – AFFIRMATIVE

1. How to form the Past Tense in English

The main rule is that for every verb in English, there is only one form of it in
the past tense.

For example: The past tense of the verb want is wanted.

Wanted is used as the past tense for all subjects/pronouns.

 I wanted
 You wanted
 He wanted
 She wanted
 It wanted
 We wanted
 They wanted

So you just have to learn one word to be able to use it in the past tense. In
this case we just needed to learn the one word wanted which can be used for
all subjects (or people).

2. Regular verbs endings

There are several irregularities regarding orthography (spelling) for the

simple past ending of regular verbs. Similarly, there are different ways to
pronounce this ending.

64
  For regular verbs ending in the vowel -e, add –d.

simple simple
form past

hate hated

seize seized

hope hoped

assume assumed

tie tied

free freed

 For the very few English verbs that end in a vowel other than -e,
add –ed.

simple simple
form past

ski skied

echo echoed

Exceptions: The verbs DO and GO are irregular.

 For regular verbs that end in a vowel+y, add –ed.

simple simple
form past

play played

survey surveyed

enjoy enjoyed

Exceptions: The verbs SAY and BUY are irregular.

65
  For regular verbs that end in a consonant +y, change the –y to –i and
add –ed.

simple simple
form past

cry cried

dirty dirtied

magnify magnified

Exception: The verb FLY is irregular.

 For regular verbs ending in a consonant + vowel + consonant, double

the final consonant before adding -ed.

base simple
form past

dam dammed

beg begged

plan planned

strip stripped

 In American English, when the regular verb has more than one
syllable and the syllable stress is on the final syllable, the final
consonant is doubled.

Base form Simple past incorrect

defer deferred defered

regret regretted regreted

66
  In these verbs, the syllable stress is not on the final syllable so the
consonant is not doubled.

base simple incorrect

form past

Orbit orbited orbitted

Listen listened listenned

consider considered considerred

Here are examples with regular verbs in the simple present and the simple
past.

simple present simple past

I walk to school. I walked to school.

She works downtown. She worked downtown.

They help on Tuesday. They helped on Tuesday.

He asks a lot of questions. He asked a lot of questions.

67
 TEMA 14
THE SIMPLE PAST AFFIRMATIVE AND
NEGATIVE FORMS
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Utiliza reglas para la correcta producción de oraciones o textos en forma afirmativa y

negativa, de manera verbal y escrita utilizando verbos en tiempo pasado.

TEMA 14: THE SIMPLE PAST AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMS

1. Review about the affirmative form

Affirmative sentences in the Simple Past – regular verbs

Long forms Contracted forms

I cleaned my room.

You cleaned your room. not possible

He cleaned his room.

Affirmative sentences in the Simple Past – irregular verbs

Long forms Contracted forms

I went home.

You went home. not possible

He went home.

68
2. Negative sentences in the past

We use didn't (did not) to make a negative sentence in the past tense.
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.

Compare the following:

Present: They don't live in Canada.

Past: They didn't live in Canada.

The main verb (live in the example above) is in its simple form. The
auxiliary DIDN'T shows that the sentence is negative AND in the past tense.

NOTICE: The only difference between a negative sentence in the present

tense and a negative sentence in the past tense is the change in the
auxiliary verb.

Both don't and doesn't in the present tense become didn't in the past
tense.

Compare the negative sentences in the examples below:

Present: You don't need a mechanic.

Past: You didn't need a mechanic.

Present: You don't walk to work.

Past: You didn't walk to work.

Present: He doesn't speak Japanese.

Past: He didn't speak Japanese.

Examples of negative sentences in the Past Tense

 I didn't want to go to the dentist.

 She didn't have time.
 You didn't close the door.
 He didn't come to my party.
 They didn't study so they didn't pass the test.
 We didn't sleep well last night.

69
 Negative sentences in the Simple Past – regular verbs (Rewrite the
sentences using contractions)

 I did not play football.

_________________________________

 You did not play football.

_________________________________

 He did not play football.

_________________________________

 She did not play football.

_________________________________

 It did not play football.

_________________________________

 We did not play football.

_________________________________

 You did not play football.

_________________________________

 They did not play football.

_________________________________

70
 TEMA 15
THE SIMPLE PAST INTERROGATIVE
FORMS
Indicadores de evaluación:

 Formula preguntas verbales y escritas en tiempo pasado, utilizando de forma correcta

la gramática propia de preguntas de tipo Yes/No questions y Wh- questions
 Responde preguntas en tiempo pasado empleando respuestas cortas y largas.

TEMA 15: THE SIMPLE PAST INTERROGATIVE FORMS

1. Questions in the past

We use did to make a question in the past tense.

This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.

Compare the following:

Present: Do they live in France?

Past: Did they live in France?

The verb (live in the example above) is in its simple form. The
auxiliary DID shows that the question is in the past tense.

NOTICE: The only difference between a question in the present tense and a
question in the past tense is the change in the auxiliary verb.
Both Do and Does in present tense questions become Didn't in past tense
questions.

Compare the questions in the examples below:

Present: Do you need a doctor?

Past: Did you need a doctor?

Present: Do you ride your bike to work?

Past: Did you ride your bike to work?

Present: Does he live in Italy?

Past: Did he live in Italy?

71
We can also use a question word (Who, What, Why etc.) before DID to ask
for more information.

 Did you study? – Yes, I did.

 When did you study? – I studied last night.
 Where did you study? – I studied at the library.

Examples of Questions in the Past Tense

 Did you go to work yesterday?

 Did they arrive on time?
 Did she like the surprise?
 Where did she go?
 What did you do yesterday?
 Why did we have to come?

2. Questions without question words in Simple Past

Auxiliary
Auxiliary Subject Verb Rest Yes/No Subject
(+ n't)

Yes, he did.
Did Max play football?
No, he didn't.

the film Yes, I did.

Did you watch
yesterday? No, I didn't.

BUT:

Auxiliary (+
to be Subject Rest Yes/No Subject
n't)

in Leipzig last Yes, I was.

Were you
week? No, I wasn't.

72
 3. Questions with question words in Simple Past

Question
Auxiliary Subject Verb Rest Answer
word

I played
yesterday
What did you play computer
evening?
games.

She met
her
When did she meet him
boyfriend?
yesterday.

after the They went

Where did they go
match? to a café.

BUT:

Question word to be Subject Rest Answer

Where were you yesterday? I was at the cinema.

4. Summary Chart

73
Fuentes de Información
del criterio III

5. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS:

SCHRAMPFER, Betty (2006) – Basic English Grammar Third Edition:

Pearson Education.
OXEDEN, Clive (2006) – New English File: Oxford University Press.
WHITE, Lindsay (2003) – New American Headway: Oxford
University Press.
REDSTONE, Chris – CUNNINGHAM, Gillie – face2face: Cambridge
University Press

6. REFERENCIAS ELECTRONICAS:

BRITISH COUNCIL – Learn English. Sitio web:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar
ENGLISH GRAMMAR ONLINE Sitio web: https://www.ego4u.com/

74
 Glosario del
Criterio III

Prenda Significado Slipper zapatillas de andar por

casa
Suit traje
Boot bota
Bermuda Shorts bermudas
(plural) Sandals sandalia

Blouse blusa
Ropa de Abrigo

Jacket chaqueta
Prenda Significado
Jeans vaqueros

Anorak anorak
Overalls mono
(plural)
Duffle- trenca
coat
Pullover jersey
Gabardine gabardina,
Shirt camisa chubasquero

Skirt falda Coat abrigo

Sweater suéter
Complementos
Sweatshirt sudadera

Top top Prenda Significado

Trousers pantalón Bow tie pajarita

(plural)
Cap gorra
T-Shirt camiseta
Glove guante
Waistcoat (UK) chaleco
Vest (USA) Hat sombrero

Scarf bufanda
Calzado

Tie corbata

Prenda Significado
Turban turbante

Shoe zapato
Belt cinturón

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