Direct and Reported Speech
Direct and Reported Speech
Direct and Reported Speech
Cuando queremos comunicar o informar de lo que otra persona ha dicho, hay dos maneras de
hacerlo: utilizando el estilo directo o el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo
directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas (“…”) y deberá ser
palabra por palabra.
Ejemplos:
“I am going to London next week,” she said. (“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella
dijo.)
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,” he asked. (“¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas
prestarme?,” él preguntó.)
Alice said, “I love to dance.” (Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?” (Chris preguntó,
“¿Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser
palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia. A
continuación tienes un explicación de los cambios que sufren los tiempos verbales.
A veces se usa “that” en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la
otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar “if” o “whether”.
Nota: Ten en cuenta también que las expresiones de tiempo cambian en el estilo indirecto.
Fijate en los cambios de tiempo en los ejemplos más abajo y después, encontrarás una tabla
con más explicaciones de los cambios de tiempo en el estilo indirecto.
present
“I am living in London” She said she was living in London.
continuous
She said she had bought a car OR She said she
past simple “I bought a car”
bought a car.
past “I was walking along the
She said she had been walking along the street.
continuous street”
“I had taken English
past perfect* She said she had taken English lessons before.
lessons before”
“I can speak perfect
can She said she could speak perfect English.
English”
“I could swim when I
could* She said she could swim when she was four.
was four”
“I should call my
should* She said she should call her mother
mother”
"I must study at the She said she must study at the weekend OR She
must
weekend" said she had to study at the weekend
* doesn’t change
Nota: Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado (que sigue siendo cierto) o de algo en el
futuro, no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal.
Ejemplos:
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are goingto Tokyo next
week.
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Nota: A continuación tienes una tabla donde puedes observar los cambios que sufren las
expresiones de tiempo, etc. cuando usamos el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
today that day
tonight that night
this week/month/year that week/month/year
tomorrow the next day
next week/month/year the following week/month/year
yesterday the day before or the previous day
the week/month year before or the
last week/month/year
previous week/month/year
now then/at that moment
here there
Reported Questions
But how about questions?
Direct speech: "Where do you live?"
¿Cómo hacemos el “reported speech” aquí? Los cambios de los tiempos verbales serán los
mismos, solo que tras formular la pregunta a alguien, deberemos cambiar la gramática en
oración afirmativa.
Confusing? Sorry, maybe this example will help:
Direct speech: "Where do you live?". La pregunta directa está en presente simple.
Reported speech: She asked me where I lived. El tiempo verbal, pasa a “past simple”,
y la oración se convierte en afirmativa.
Another example:
Direct speech: "where is Julie?". La pregunta directa corresponde al “present simple”
de “be”.
Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was. Se invierte la posición del sujeto y
verbo, y el verbo pasa a “past simple”.
Here are some more examples:
Direct Question Reported Question
“Where is the Post Office, please?” She asked me where the Post Office was.
“What are you doing?” She asked me what I was doing.
“Who was that fantastic man?” She asked me who that fantastic man had been.
Reported Requests
There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:
Direct speech: "Close the window, please"
Or: "Could you close the window please?"
Or: "Would you mind closing the window please?"
Todos estos “requests” poseen el mismo significado, no es necesario repetir las mismas
palabras al contarlo a otro, simplemente utilizamos: 'ask me + to + infinitive':
Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.
Here are a few more examples:
Direct Request Reported Request
“Please help me”. She asked me to help her.
“Please don’t smoke”. She asked me not to smoke.
“Could you bring my book tonight?” She asked me to bring her book that night.
“Could you pass the milk, please?” She asked me to pass the milk.
“Would you mind coming early tomorrow?” She asked me to come early the next day.
Cuando el “request” es negativo, se emplea 'not':
Direct speech: "Please don't be late."
Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.
Reported Orders
And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in English,
when someone tells you very directly to do something. Por último, ¿qué sucede cuando
alguien no pide algo con cortesía? En inglés se considera una “orden”, es decir, cuando
alguien te dice muy directamente que hagas algo. For example:
Direct speech: "Sit down!"
Para convertir una orden en “reported speech” se realiza del mismo modo que una petición,
solo que en lugar de “ask”, empleamos 'tell' .
Reported speech: She told me to sit down.
Direct Order Reported Order
“Go to bed!” He told the child to go to bed.
“Don’t worry!” He told her not to worry.
“Be on time!” He told me to be on time.
“Don’t smoke!” He told us not to smoke.