Navarro-PardoE 2015 PorqunosinteresanlasZonasAzules
Navarro-PardoE 2015 PorqunosinteresanlasZonasAzules
Navarro-PardoE 2015 PorqunosinteresanlasZonasAzules
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Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
University of Valencia
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Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
RESUMEN
Las Zonas Azules son áreas en las que la población disfruta de una alta longevidad, con
buenas condiciones de salud, y que no depende de factores económicos o tecnológicos.
Se plantean las principales variables presentes en estas zonas (genética, dieta,
dimensiones sociocultural y económica, estilos de vida y características geográficas),
evidenciándose gran variabilidad en la mayoría de ellas, aunque con elementos algunos
elementos presentes en todas las sociedades estudiadas (dieta basada en productos
frescos y del entorno, integración social y redes de apoyo estable, escaso gradiente
social y actividad física constante y moderada). Se plantea el reto de que las ZA dejen
de constituir reductos y puedan extenderse poblacionalmente.
Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
SUMMARY
The Blue Zones are areas where population enjoys an elevated longevity, with healthy
conditions, unrelated to economic or technological factors. Main variables involved in
these areas are presented (genetics, diet, socio-cultural and economic, lifestyle and
geographic features), showing great variability in most of them, although with some
elements present on all the studied populations (diet based on fresh foods produced in
local environment, social integration and stable personal and social support networks,
low social gradient and constant and moderate physical activity). The challenge would
be to extend these zones to large areas worldwide.
- La alimentación
Pero una dieta adecuada es solo una parte de lo necesario para desarrollar una
vida extensa y saludable. Las comunidades de las ZA no incluyen el tabaquismo entre
sus hábitos y sí el ejercicio regular de baja intensidad como parte de su vida diaria
(caminar, ocuparse de la huerta, tareas domésticas, etc.). Parecen mantener a lo largo de
todo su ciclo algún propósito vital, sentirse emocionalmente satisfechos y mantener
fuertes redes sociales. Por tanto, en el envejecimiento saludable se incluirían como
componentes fundamentales una dieta saludable, actividad física y relaciones sociales
(Dodge, et al., 2010).
CONCLUSIONES
Por último, pero no menos importante, la teoría del gradiente social implica
menos diferencias sociales y parece reducir también el estrés personal y social.
Por todo ello tenemos que concluir que la duración de la vida está determinada
por factores genéticos, medioambientales, sociales, de estilo de vida, y un componente
estocástico (Gavrilov & Gavrilova, 2013; Franceschi, Motta, Motta, Malaguarnera,
Capri, Vasto, Candore, & Caruso, 2008).
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