Solucionario PC 2

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Ca 40.078 x 1 = 40.

078
H 1.008 x 2 = 2.016
C 12.011 x 2 = 24.022
O 15.99 x 6 = 95.94
162.056

Mg 24.305 x 1 = 24.305
H 1.008 x 2 = 2.016
C 12.011 x 2 = 24.022
O 15.99 x 6 = 95.94
146.283

Ca 40.078 x 1 = 40.078
C 12.011 x 1 = 12.011
O 15.99 x 3 = 47.97
100.059

a)
Dureza temporal Ca(HCO3)2 + Mg(HCO3)2

mol Ca(HCO3)2 = 253 mg x 1


1 L 1000

mol Ca(HCO3)2 = 1.5612E-03 mol/L

mol Mg(HCO3)2 = 75 mg x 1
1 L 1000

mol Mg(HCO3)2 = 5.1270E-04 mol/L

Sumando moles de Ca y Mg

mol/L Ca = mol Ca(HCO3)2 = 1.5612E-03 mol/L


mol/L Mg = mol Mg(HCO3)2 = 5.1270E-04 mol/L
2.0739E-03 mol/L
Dureza temporal (expresada como CaCO3) mg/L

mg/L CaCO3 = 2.0739E-03 mol x 100.059


1 L 1

mg/L CaCO3 = 207.5117 mg/L

b)
Dureza permanente CaCl2 + MgSO4

mol CaCl2 = 21 mg x 1
1 L 1000

mol CaCl2 = 1.8922E-04 mol/L

mol MgSO4 = 456 mg x 1


1 L 1000

mol MgSO4 = 3.7896E-03 mol/L

Sumando moles de Ca y Mg

mol/L Ca = mol Ca(HCO3)2 = 1.8922E-04 mol/L


mol/L Mg = mol Mg(HCO3)2 = 3.7896E-03 mol/L
3.9788E-03 mol/L

Dureza temporal (expresada como CaCO3) mg/L

mg/L CaCO3 = 3.9788E-03 mol x 100.059


1 L 1

mg/L CaCO3 = 398.1143 mg/L

c)
Dureza total

Dureza permanente 207.5117 mg/L CaCO3


Dureza total 398.1143 mg/L CaCO3
605.6260 mg/L CaCO3
g/mol Ca 40.078 x 1 =
g/mol Cl 35.453 x 2 =
g/mol
g/mol
g/mol

g/mol Mg 24.305 x 1 =
g/mol S 32.065 x 1 =
g/mol O 15.99 x 4 =
g/mol
g/mol

g/mol
g/mol
g/mol
g/mol

g x 1 mol
mg 162.056 g

g x 1 mol
mg 146.283 g

= mol /L CaCO3
g x 1000 mg
mol 1 g

g x 1 mol
mg 110.984 g

g x 1 mol
mg 120.33 g

= mol /L CaCO3

g x 1000 mg
mol 1 g
40.078 g/mol
70.906 g/mol
110.984 g/mol

24.305 g/mol
32.065 g/mol
63.96 g/mol
120.33 g/mol
a)

Sumando moles de Ca y Mg

mol/L Ca = 6.80E-02 mol/L


mol/L Mg = 2.70E-02 mol/L
mol/L Ca + Mg = 9.50E-02 mol/L

mg/L CaCO3 = 9.5000E-02 mol x 100.059 g x 1000 mg


1 L 1 mol 1 g

mg/L CaCO3 = 9505.6050 mg/L


ppm CaCO3 = 9505.6050 ppm

b)
Mg2+(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) « Mg(OH)2(s) +
1 1 1

15 m3 mol

mol Mg2+ = 2.70E-02 mol x 15000 L


L

mol Mg2+ = 405 mol

Para eliminar el Mg2+ se requiere:


Mg2+(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) « Mg(OH)2(s) +
1 mol 1 mol 1

405 mol X mol

X = 405 mol Ca(OH)2

2) Determinamos las moles Ca 40 x 1 = 40 g/mol


O 16 x 2 = 32 g/mol
H 1 x 2 = 2 g/mol
74 g/mol

Ca(OH)2 kg = 405 mol x 74 g x


mol
Ca(OH)2 kg = 29.97 kg
mol Ca2+ = 6.80E-02 mol x 15000 L
L

mol Ca2+ = 1020 mol


Pero en la primera reaccción se generaron :
Mg2+(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) « Mg(OH)2(s) +
1 mol 1 mol

405 mol

Y = 405 mol Ca

Moles totales de Ca2+

mol Ca2+ = 1020 mol


2+
mol Ca = 405 mol
1425 mol

Por lo tanto:
Ca2+(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) « CaCO3(s) +
1 mol 1 mol 1 mol

1425 mol Z

Z = 1425 mol Na2CO3

Na 23 x 2 = 46 g/mol
C 12 x 1 = 12 g/mol
O 16 x 3 = 48 g/mol
106 g/mol

Na2CO3 kg = 1425 mol x 106 g x


mol
Na2CO3 kg = 151.05 kg
Ca2+(aq)
1

Ca2+(aq)
1

1 kg
1000 g
Ca2+(aq)
1 mol

Y mol

2Na1+(aq)
2 mol

1 kg
1000 g
Cu3(AsO4)2
Cu 63.546 x 3 = 190.638 g/mol
As 74.992 x 2 = 149.984 g/mol
O 15.99 x 8 = 127.92 g/mol
468.542 g/mol

Cu3(AsO4)2 kps 7.95E-36

Cu3(AsO4)2 → 3 Cu+2 + 2
X 3 X 2

Calculando solubilidad según kps


kps = [3x]3 x [2X]2
kps = 27x3 x 4X2
kps = 108X5
7.95E-36 = 108X5
X = 3.7445E-08 mol/L

Cu3(AsO4)2 → 3 Cu+2 + 2
X 3 3.7445E-08 2

Cu+2 = 1.1233E-07 mol/L

Cu3(AsO4)2 = 3.7445E-08 mol/L

b) Se disuelve como máximo:

En 100 L

g Cu3(AsO4)2 = 3.7445E-08 mol x 468.542 g


L 1 mol

g Cu3(AsO4)2 = 1.7544E-03 g Cu3(AsO4)2


Cu 63.546 x
C 12.011 x
O 15.99 x

CuC2O4 kps 4.43E-10

(AsO4)-3 CuC2O4 → 1
X X

Calculando solubilidad según kps


kps = [x]

kps = X2
4.43E-10 = X2
X = 2.1048E-05

(AsO4)-3 CuC2O4 → 1
X X 1

Cu+2 =

CuC2O4 =
a)

Cu+2
Recipiente A 1.1233E-07
Recipiente B 2.1048E-05
Recipiente C 5.0080E-08

El recipiente B tendrá mayor cantidad de

c) Se disuelve como máximo:

En 100 L

x 100 L g CuC2O4 = 2.1048E-05 mol


L

g CuC2O4 = 3.1893E-01 g
CuC2O4
1 = 63.546 g/mol
2 = 24.022 g/mol
4 = 63.96 g/mol
151.528 g/mol

Cu3(PO4)2

Cu+2 + 1 (C2O4)-2
X X

x [x]

mol/L

Cu+2 + 1 (C2O4)-2
2.1048E-05 1 X

2.1048E-05 mol/L

2.1048E-05

mol/L
mol/L
mol/L

nte B tendrá mayor cantidad de Cu+2 disuelto

d)

En

x 151.528 g x 100 L g Cu3(PO4)2


1 mol

CuC2O4 g Cu3(PO4)2
Cu3(PO4)2
Cu 63.546 x 3 = 190.638 g/mol
P 30.974 x 2 = 61.948 g/mol
O 15.99 x 8 = 127.92 g/mol
380.506 g/mol

kps 1.40E-37

Cu3(PO4)2 → 3 Cu+2 + 2 (PO4)-3


X 3 X 2 X

Calculando solubilidad según kps


kps = [3x]3 x [2X]2
kps = 27x3 x 4X2
kps = 108X5
1.40E-37 = 108X5
X = 1.6693E-08 mol/L

Cu3(PO4)2 → 3 Cu+2 + 2 (PO4)-3


X 3 1.6693E-08 2 X

Cu+2 = 5.0080E-08 mol/L

Cu3(PO4)2 = 1.6693E-08 mol/L

Se disuelve como máximo:

100 L

= 1.6693E-08 mol x 380.506 g x


L 1 mol

= 6.3519E-04 g Cu3(PO4)2
100 L

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