Cálculos

Datos
Temp (°𝐶 ) 𝑔
Densidad (𝑐𝑚3) 𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑥𝑚𝑜𝑙
Alimentación 25 0.975 0.12 0.0712
Destilado 25 0.818 0.89 0.8199
Plato n-1 (4) 25 0.834 0.83 0.7331
Plato n (5) 25 0.846 0.79 0.6791
Plato n+1 (6) 25 0.855 0.75 0.6279
Residuo 25 0.998 0.1 0.0588
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 = 0.4
𝑐𝑚2

𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 = 5
𝑖𝑛2

𝑁𝐸𝑅 = 13

Obteniendo los datos de fracción peso del gráfico:

𝑥𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = 0.12

𝑥𝑤𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 0.89

𝑥𝑤𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑛−1 = 0.83

𝑥𝑤𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑛 = 0.79

𝑥𝑤𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑛+1 = 0.75

𝑥𝑤𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑜 = 0.1

Convirtiendo los %w a %mol:

𝑥𝑤𝑖
𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑥𝑛𝑖 =
𝑥𝑤𝑖 1 − 𝑥𝑤𝑖
+
𝑃𝑀𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑗
0.12
𝑔
32
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = 0.12 1−0.12 = 0.0712
𝑔 + 𝑔
32 18
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.89
𝑔
32
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 0.89 1−0.89 = 0.8199
𝑔 + 𝑔
32 18
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.83
𝑔
32
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑛−1 = 0.83 1−0.83 = 0.7331
𝑔 + 𝑔
32 18
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.79
𝑔
32
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑛 = 0.79 1−0.79 = 0.6791
𝑔 + 𝑔
32 18
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.75
𝑔
32
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑛+1 = 0.75 1−0.75 = 0.6279
𝑔 + 𝑔
32 18
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.1
𝑔
32
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑜 = 0.1 1−0.1 = 0.0588
𝑔 + 𝑔
32 18
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Desarrollando la gráfica no ideal a la presión trabajada:

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛

𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 585 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 = 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛 = 5
𝑖𝑛2

𝑙𝑏 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛 = 5 | 𝑙𝑏 | = 258.5034 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑖𝑛2 14.7 2
𝑖𝑛

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 585 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 + 258.5034 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 = 843.5034 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔

Al ser la presión total diferente a 760 o 585 mmHg, se generan nuevas gráficas T
vs x,y y x vs y metanol-agua a la presión total.
volatilida
(°C) (mm Hg) (-) (-) (-) (mm Hg) (-) (-) (cal °C/mol) d f (x)
X1_supue X1_calcula
Ti P1i0 P2i0 sta 1 2 P da y1 hl Hv K1 K2  1/(y-x)

843.50 207.25 1.00000 1.0000 1.7435 843.5034 1.0000 130 ############

67.242 3 43 0 0 1 0 1.000000 00 3 9718 1.00000 0.428392 2.33431 ###
878.38 217.03 0.92982 1.0017 1.6612 843.5034 0.9700 131
68.293 5 48 6 8 2 0 0.929826 05 7 9775 1.04321 0.427435 2.44063 24.8884

914.45 227.20 0.86159 1.0073 1.5843 843.5034 0.9409 133

69.343 7 29 1 5 9 0 0.861591 32 1 9830 1.09209 0.426765 2.55899 12.6038
237.77 0.79535 1.0170 1.5129 843.5034 0.9127 134
70.393 951.75 07 6 5 6 0 0.795356 23 5 9885 1.14757 0.426480 2.69079 8.5202

990.29 248.75 0.73122 1.0312 1.4469 843.5034 0.8853 135

71.443 5 07 7 6 1 0 0.731227 15 8 9938 1.21073 0.426697 2.83744 6.4898
1030.1 260.15 0.66936 1.0503 1.3862 843.5034 0.8586 137
72.493 3 56 3 7 5 0 0.669363 35 2 9990 1.28276 0.427553 3.00025 5.2834
1071.2 271.99 0.60997 1.0747 1.3310 843.5034 0.8326 138 1004 3.18027
73.543 7 85 7 6 1 0 0.609977 02 6 2 1.36497 0.429200 12 4.4919
1113.7 284.29 0.55333 1.1047 1.2811 843.5034 0.8071 140 1009
74.593 7 27 2 0 8 0 0.553332 25 0 2 1.45866 0.431807 3.37804 3.9402
1157.6 297.05 0.49972 1.1403 1.2367 843.5033 0.7821 141 1014
75.643 6 17 5 6 7 9 0.499725 07 4 2 1.56508 0.435547 3.59336 3.5413
1202.9 310.28 0.44945 1.1816 1.1977 843.5033 0.7574 142 1019
76.693 6 94 5 7 0 9 0.449455 40 8 2 1.68524 0.440582 3.82503 3.2469
1249.7 324.02 0.40278 1.2283 1.1637 843.5033 0.7330 144 1024
77.744 2 00 4 2 9 7 0.402784 13 3 1 1.81987 0.447053 4.07081 3.0282
1297.9 338.25 0.35988 1.2797 1.1347 843.5033 0.7087 145 1029
78.794 7 79 9 4 7 6 0.359889 11 7 0 1.96925 0.455059 4.32746 2.8668
1347.7 353.01 0.32083 1.3351 1.1102 843.5033 0.6844 147 1033
79.844 5 79 2 3 5 5 0.320832 21 2 9 2.13327 0.464654 4.59110 2.7504
1399.0 368.31 0.28554 1.3935 1.0897 843.5033 0.6600 148 1038
80.894 9 49 9 6 6 5 0.285549 33 8 8 2.31145 0.475844 4.85759 2.6703
1452.0 384.16 0.25386 1.4540 1.0728 843.5033 0.6354 150 1043
81.944 3 43 4 8 0 5 0.253864 41 4 7 2.50308 0.488595 5.12302 2.6207
400.58 0.22551 1.5157 1.0588 843.5033 0.6105 152 1048
82.994 1506.6 18 7 6 5 6 0.225517 51 0 6 2.70734 0.502850 5.38400 2.5972
1562.8 417.58 0.20020 1.5778 1.0474 843.5033 0.5852 153 1053
84.044 6 33 1 4 3 7 0.200201 75 6 6 2.92344 0.518536 5.63787 2.5969
1620.8 435.18 0.17759 1.6396 1.0381 843.5033 0.5595 155 1058
85.094 2 50 4 5 0 8 0.177594 35 2 6 3.15065 0.535581 5.88267 2.6182
1680.5 453.40 0.15738 1.7006 1.0304 843.5033 0.5332 156 1063 6.11711
86.145 5 34 0 9 9 9 0.157380 60 9 7 3.38836 0.553915 16 2.6604
1742.0 472.25 0.13926 1.7606 1.0243 843.5034 0.5063 158 1068
87.195 6 54 5 0 0 0 0.139265 86 6 9 3.63612 0.573480 6.34045 2.7239
1805.4 491.75 0.12298 1.8191 1.0192 843.5034 0.4788 160 1074
88.245 2 83 6 1 6 0 0.122986 56 3 1 3.89358 0.594225 6.55236 2.8100
1870.6 511.92 0.10830 1.8760 1.0151 843.5034 0.4506 162 1079
89.295 4 94 9 3 7 0 0.108309 18 0 4 4.16049 0.616113 6.75282 2.9213
1937.7 532.78 0.09503 1.9312 1.0118 843.5034 0.4216 163 1084
90.345 9 66 0 7 4 0 0.095030 22 8 7 4.43672 0.639113 6.94200 3.0619
554.34 0.08297 1.9847 1.0091 843.5034 0.3918 165 1090
91.395 2006.9 80 5 5 4 0 0.082975 24 5 2 4.72219 0.663205 7.12026 3.2378
 576.63 0.07199 2.0364 1.0069 843.5034 0.3611 167 1095
92.445 2078 19 3 6 6 0 0.071993 82 3 7 5.01690 0.688377 7.28801 3.4580
2151.1 599.65 0.06195 2.0864 1.0052 843.5034 0.3296 169 1101
93.495 6 73 5 0 2 0 0.061955 54 1 4 5.32087 0.714621 7.44573 3.7355
623.44 0.05275 2.1345 1.0038 843.5034 0.2972 170 1107
94.546 2226.4 31 0 9 2 0 0.052750 02 8 1 5.63420 0.741935 7.59392 4.0908
2303.7 648.00 0.04428 2.1810 1.0027 843.5034 0.2637 172 1113
95.596 8 87 2 8 2 0 0.044282 88 6 0 5.95698 0.770323 7.73309 4.5557
2383.3 673.37 0.03647 2.2259 1.0018 843.5034 0.2293 174 1118
96.646 4 40 1 0 6 0 0.036471 77 4 9 6.28935 0.799792 7.86373 5.1839
2465.1 699.55 0.02924 2.2691 1.0012 843.5034 0.1939 176 1125
97.696 2 89 4 2 1 0 0.029244 33 2 0 6.63146 0.830350 7.98634 6.0721
2549.1 726.58 0.02254 2.3107 1.0007 843.5034 0.1574 178 1131
98.746 8 38 2 8 2 0 0.022542 21 0 2 6.98348 0.862011 8.10139 7.4141
2635.5 754.46 0.01631 2.3509 1.0003 843.5034 0.1198 179 1137
99.796 5 95 0 5 8 0 0.016310 05 8 5 7.34560 0.894788 8.20931 9.6622
100.84 2724.2 783.23 0.01050 2.3896 1.0001 843.5034 0.0810 181 1143
6 9 70 2 8 6 0 0.010502 53 6 9 7.71800 0.928700 8.31054 14.1741
101.89 2815.4 812.90 0.00507 2.4270 1.0000 843.5034 0.0411 183 1150
6 4 78 7 2 4 0 0.005077 29 5 4 8.10089 0.963764 8.40547 27.7377
102.94 2909.0 843.50 0.00000 2.4630 1.0000 843.5034 0.0000 185 1157 ############
7 5 34 0 5 0 0 0.000000 00 3 1 8.49449 1.000000 8.49449 ###

Gráficas obtenidas

Diagrama T vs X-Y (mezcla metanol-agua) @ 843.5034mmHg

NO IDEAL
105

100

95
TEMPERATURA, T (°C)

90

85

80

75

70

65
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
FRACCIÓN MOLAR X, Y
liquido Vapor
 Diagrama T vs X-Y (mezcla metanol-agua) @ 843.5034mmHg
NO IDEAL
105

100

95
TEMPERATURA, T (°C)

90

85

80

75

70

65
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
FRACCIÓN
liquido MOLAR X, Y
Vapor
Cálculo de la eficiencia global de la columna

Diagrama X vs Y (mezcla Metanol-agua) @

1.0 843.5034mmHg
0.9 NO IDEAL
0.8

0.7

0.6
FRACCIÓN MOLAR DEL VAPOR, Y

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
FRACCIÓN MOLAR DEL LÍQUIDO, X

𝑁𝐸𝑇 − 1
𝜂 𝑇𝐶 = (100)
𝑁𝑃𝑅

NET=3
𝑁𝐸𝑇−1 3−1
N= ∗ 100 = ∗ 100 = 15.38%
𝑁𝑃𝑅 13
Cálculo de la relación de reflujo mínimo

Diagrama T vs X-Y (mezcla metanol-agua) @ 843.5034mmHg

NO IDEAL
105

100
TR= 101 °C

95
TB= 92.2 °C
TEMPERATURA, T (°C)

90

85

80

75

70

65
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
FRACCIÓN MOLAR X, Y
liquido Vapor

Considerando la temperatura de referencia igual con la temperatura del flujo de

alimentación, HF=0
De tablas sabemos que:
𝐶𝑝𝐴 = 10.531 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑝𝐵 = 18.07 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝜆𝐴 = 8415 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝜆𝐵 = 9718𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

Calculando entalpía de vapor

𝐻𝑣 = (𝐶𝑝𝐴 𝑋𝐴 + 𝐶𝑝𝐵 𝑋𝐵 ) (𝑇𝑅 − 𝑇𝐹 ) + 𝜆𝐴 𝑋𝐴 + 𝜆𝐵 𝑋𝐵

𝐻𝑣 = (10.531 ∗ 0.0712 + 18 ∗ 0.9288)(101 − 27) + [8415(0.0712) + 9718(0.9288)]

𝐻𝑣 = 10917.87 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

Calculando entalpía de líquido

ℎ𝐿 = (𝐶𝑝𝐴 𝑋𝐴 + 𝐶𝑝𝐵 𝑋𝐵 )(𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝐹 )

 ℎ𝐿 = (10.531 ∗ 0.0712 + 18 ∗ 0.9288)(92.2 − 27) = 1138.93 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

10917.87 − 0.0
𝑞=
10917.87 − 1138.93

𝑞 = 1.12

Conociendo el valor de q, calculamos la línea de alimentación utilizando la ecuación:

𝑞 𝑋𝐹
𝑌𝑞 = 𝑋𝑞 −
𝑞−1 𝑞−1

Sustituyendo datos tenemos:

1.12 0.0712
𝑌𝑞 = 𝑋𝑞 −
0.12 0.12

𝑌𝑞 = 9.33 𝑋𝑞 − 0.5933

Considerando 𝑌𝑞 = 1 y despejando 𝑋𝑞 , obtenemos:

1 + 0.5933
𝑋𝑞 = = 0.1707
9.33
 Diagrama X vs Y (mezcla Metanol-agua) @ 843.5034mmHg
NO IDEAL
1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
FRACCIÓN MOLAR DEL VAPOR, Y

bmín= 0.41
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
FRACCIÓN MOLAR DEL LÍQUIDO, X

𝑋𝐷
𝑅𝑒 𝑚í𝑛 = −1
𝑏𝑚á𝑥
Sustituyendo datos:
0.8199
𝑅𝑒 𝑚í𝑛 = − 1 = 2.05 − 1 = 1.05
0.40

Los límites de la Relación de reflujo óptimo serían:

𝑅𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑚í𝑛 = 1.2 𝑅𝑒𝑚í𝑛 𝑅𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑚á𝑥 = 1.5 𝑅𝑒𝑚á𝑥

𝑅𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑚í𝑛 = 1.2 (1.05) = 1.26 𝑅𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑚á𝑥 = 1.5 (1.05) = 1.575

Cálculo de la eficiencia de platos de la columna

Eficiencia líquida del plato n:

𝑋𝑛−1 − 𝑋𝑛
𝜂𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑛 𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 = 𝑥 100
𝑋𝑛−1 − 𝑋𝑛∗
Eficiencia de vapor del plato n:
 𝑌𝑛 − 𝑌𝑛+1
𝜂𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥 100
𝑌𝑛∗ − 𝑌𝑛+1

Ejemplo: cálculo de la eficiencia del Plato 5,

𝑃4 − 𝑃5 0.7331 − 0.6791
𝜂𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜8𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 = ∗
= 𝑥 100 = 16.71%
𝑃4 − 𝑃5 0.7331 − 0.41

Cálculo de la eficiencia evaporativa del plato 5:

𝑃4 − 𝑃5 0.7331 − 0.6791
𝜂𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜5𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 = = 𝑥 100 = 28.28 %
𝑃4∗ − 𝑃5 0.86 − 0.6791

Cálculo de eficiencia en el plato 6

0.6791 − 0.6279
𝜂𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜6𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 = 𝑥 100 = 14.27%
0.6791 − 0.32
0.6791 − 0.6279
𝜂𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜6𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥 100 = 23.46%
0.846 − 0.6279
 Diagrama X vs Y (mezcla Metanol-agua) @ 843.5034mmHg
NO IDEAL
1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
FRACCIÓN MOLAR DEL VAPOR, Y

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
FRACCIÓN MOLAR DEL LÍQUIDO, X