diff --git a/.github/workflows/formatter.yml b/.github/workflows/formatter.yml
index 96e14cfb..52ee9919 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/formatter.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/formatter.yml
@@ -7,20 +7,16 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   linter_name:
-    name: runner / black
+    name: runner / ruff
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - name: Check files using the black formatter
-        uses: rickstaa/action-black@v1
-        id: black_formatter
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Check files using the ruff formatter
+        uses: chartboost/ruff-action@v1
+        id: ruff_formatter
         with:
-          black_args: ". -l 120"
-      - name: Annotate diff changes using reviewdog
-        if: steps.black_formatter.outputs.is_formatted == 'true'
-        uses: reviewdog/action-suggester@v1
+          args: format
+      - name: Auto commit ruff formatting
+        uses: stefanzweifel/git-auto-commit-action@v5
         with:
-          tool_name: blackfmt
-      - name: Fail if there are formatting suggestions
-        if: steps.black_formatter.outputs.is_formatted == 'true'
-        run: exit 1
+          commit_message: 'style fixes by ruff'
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a17b4eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+default_language_version:
+  python: python3
+
+repos:
+# Run the Ruff linter.
+- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+  # Ruff version.
+  rev: v0.1.2
+  hooks:
+    # Run the Ruff formatter.
+    - id: ruff-format
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 34440a27..03eaed22 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ Once inside, you can install the dependencies.
 
 - Option 2: Run `pip install -e .` to install them, and data-diff, in the global context.
 
+- Run `pre-commit install` to automatically format your code before committing.
+
 At the bare minimum, you need MySQL to run the tests.
 
 You can create a local MySQL instance using `docker-compose up mysql`. The URI for it will be `mysql://mysql:Password1@localhost/mysql`. If you're using a different server, make sure to update `TEST_MYSQL_CONN_STRING` in `tests/common.py`. For your convenience, we recommend creating `tests/local_settings.py`, and to override the value there.
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/base.py b/data_diff/databases/base.py
index 8caa6817..871c650d 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/base.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/base.py
@@ -199,10 +199,19 @@ def apply_query(callback: Callable[[str], Any], sql_code: Union[str, ThreadLocal
 class BaseDialect(abc.ABC):
     SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY: ClassVar[bool] = False
     SUPPORTS_INDEXES: ClassVar[bool] = False
+    PREVENT_OVERFLOW_WHEN_CONCAT: ClassVar[bool] = False
     TYPE_CLASSES: ClassVar[Dict[str, Type[ColType]]] = {}
 
     PLACEHOLDER_TABLE = None  # Used for Oracle
 
+    # Some database do not support long string so concatenation might lead to type overflow
+
+    _prevent_overflow_when_concat: bool = False
+
+    def enable_preventing_type_overflow(self) -> None:
+        logger.info("Preventing type overflow when concatenation is enabled")
+        self._prevent_overflow_when_concat = True
+
     def parse_table_name(self, name: str) -> DbPath:
         "Parse the given table name into a DbPath"
         return parse_table_name(name)
@@ -392,10 +401,19 @@ def render_checksum(self, c: Compiler, elem: Checksum) -> str:
         return f"sum({md5})"
 
     def render_concat(self, c: Compiler, elem: Concat) -> str:
+        if self._prevent_overflow_when_concat:
+            items = [
+                f"{self.compile(c, Code(self.md5_as_hex(self.to_string(self.compile(c, expr)))))}"
+                for expr in elem.exprs
+            ]
+
         # We coalesce because on some DBs (e.g. MySQL) concat('a', NULL) is NULL
-        items = [
-            f"coalesce({self.compile(c, Code(self.to_string(self.compile(c, expr))))}, '<null>')" for expr in elem.exprs
-        ]
+        else:
+            items = [
+                f"coalesce({self.compile(c, Code(self.to_string(self.compile(c, expr))))}, '<null>')"
+                for expr in elem.exprs
+            ]
+
         assert items
         if len(items) == 1:
             return items[0]
@@ -493,7 +511,7 @@ def render_select(self, parent_c: Compiler, elem: Select) -> str:
 
         if elem.limit_expr is not None:
             has_order_by = bool(elem.order_by_exprs)
-            select += " " + self.offset_limit(0, elem.limit_expr, has_order_by=has_order_by)
+            select = self.limit_select(select_query=select, offset=0, limit=elem.limit_expr, has_order_by=has_order_by)
 
         if parent_c.in_select:
             select = f"({select}) {c.new_unique_name()}"
@@ -605,14 +623,17 @@ def render_inserttotable(self, c: Compiler, elem: InsertToTable) -> str:
 
         return f"INSERT INTO {self.compile(c, elem.path)}{columns} {expr}"
 
-    def offset_limit(
-        self, offset: Optional[int] = None, limit: Optional[int] = None, has_order_by: Optional[bool] = None
+    def limit_select(
+        self,
+        select_query: str,
+        offset: Optional[int] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+        has_order_by: Optional[bool] = None,
     ) -> str:
-        "Provide SQL fragment for limit and offset inside a select"
         if offset:
             raise NotImplementedError("No support for OFFSET in query")
 
-        return f"LIMIT {limit}"
+        return f"SELECT * FROM ({select_query}) AS LIMITED_SELECT LIMIT {limit}"
 
     def concat(self, items: List[str]) -> str:
         "Provide SQL for concatenating a bunch of columns into a string"
@@ -766,6 +787,10 @@ def set_timezone_to_utc(self) -> str:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         "Provide SQL for computing md5 and returning an int"
 
+    @abstractmethod
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        """Method to calculate MD5"""
+
     @abstractmethod
     def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
         """Creates an SQL expression, that converts 'value' to a normalized timestamp.
@@ -882,6 +907,8 @@ class Database(abc.ABC):
     Instanciated using :meth:`~data_diff.connect`
     """
 
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = BaseDialect
+
     SUPPORTS_ALPHANUMS: ClassVar[bool] = True
     SUPPORTS_UNIQUE_CONSTAINT: ClassVar[bool] = False
     CONNECT_URI_KWPARAMS: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
@@ -889,6 +916,7 @@ class Database(abc.ABC):
     default_schema: Optional[str] = None
     _interactive: bool = False
     is_closed: bool = False
+    _dialect: BaseDialect = None
 
     @property
     def name(self):
@@ -1103,7 +1131,7 @@ def _query_cursor(self, c, sql_code: str) -> QueryResult:
                 return result
         except Exception as _e:
             # logger.exception(e)
-            # logger.error(f'Caused by SQL: {sql_code}')
+            # logger.error(f"Caused by SQL: {sql_code}")
             raise
 
     def _query_conn(self, conn, sql_code: Union[str, ThreadLocalInterpreter]) -> QueryResult:
@@ -1117,10 +1145,13 @@ def close(self):
         return super().close()
 
     @property
-    @abstractmethod
     def dialect(self) -> BaseDialect:
         "The dialect of the database. Used internally by Database, and also available publicly."
 
+        if not self._dialect:
+            self._dialect = self.DIALECT_CLASS()
+        return self._dialect
+
     @property
     @abstractmethod
     def CONNECT_URI_HELP(self) -> str:
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/bigquery.py b/data_diff/databases/bigquery.py
index e672b928..26d8aec3 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/bigquery.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/bigquery.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import re
-from typing import Any, List, Union
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, List, Union, Type
 
 import attrs
 
@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ def parse_table_name(self, name: str) -> DbPath:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"cast(cast( ('0x' || substr(TO_HEX(md5({s})), {1+MD5_HEXDIGITS-CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS})) as int64) as numeric) - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"md5({s})"
+
     def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
         if coltype.rounds:
             timestamp = f"timestamp_micros(cast(round(unix_micros(cast({value} as timestamp))/1000000, {coltype.precision})*1000000 as int))"
@@ -179,9 +182,9 @@ def normalize_struct(self, value: str, _coltype: Struct) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class BigQuery(Database):
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "bigquery://<project>/<dataset>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["dataset"]
-    dialect = Dialect()
 
     project: str
     dataset: str
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/clickhouse.py b/data_diff/databases/clickhouse.py
index 7a8816d8..13082504 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/clickhouse.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/clickhouse.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Type
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, Optional, Type
 
 import attrs
 
@@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
             f"reinterpretAsUInt128(reverse(unhex(lowerUTF8(substr(hex(MD5({s})), {substr_idx}))))) - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
         )
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"hex(MD5({s}))"
+
     def normalize_number(self, value: str, coltype: FractionalType) -> str:
         # If a decimal value has trailing zeros in a fractional part, when casting to string they are dropped.
         # For example:
@@ -164,7 +167,7 @@ def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class Clickhouse(ThreadedDatabase):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "clickhouse://<user>:<password>@<host>/<database>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["database?"]
 
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/databricks.py b/data_diff/databases/databricks.py
index 7394f2df..19a1f103 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/databricks.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/databricks.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import math
-from typing import Any, Dict, Sequence
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, Sequence, Type
 import logging
 
 import attrs
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ def parse_table_name(self, name: str) -> DbPath:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"cast(conv(substr(md5({s}), {1+MD5_HEXDIGITS-CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS}), 16, 10) as decimal(38, 0)) - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"md5({s})"
+
     def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
         """Databricks timestamp contains no more than 6 digits in precision"""
 
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ def normalize_boolean(self, value: str, _coltype: Boolean) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class Databricks(ThreadedDatabase):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "databricks://:<access_token>@<server_hostname>/<http_path>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["catalog", "schema"]
 
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/duckdb.py b/data_diff/databases/duckdb.py
index a105b71a..6c65b16b 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/duckdb.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/duckdb.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Union
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, Union, Type
 
 import attrs
 
@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ def current_timestamp(self) -> str:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"('0x' || SUBSTRING(md5({s}), {1+MD5_HEXDIGITS-CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS},{CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS}))::BIGINT - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"md5({s})"
+
     def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
         # It's precision 6 by default. If precision is less than 6 -> we remove the trailing numbers.
         if coltype.rounds and coltype.precision > 0:
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ def normalize_boolean(self, value: str, _coltype: Boolean) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class DuckDB(Database):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     SUPPORTS_UNIQUE_CONSTAINT = False  # Temporary, until we implement it
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "duckdb://<dbname>@<filepath>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["database", "dbpath"]
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/mssql.py b/data_diff/databases/mssql.py
index ce5575da..8f5195ee 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/mssql.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/mssql.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, Optional, Type
 
 import attrs
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def import_mssql():
 class Dialect(BaseDialect):
     name = "MsSQL"
     ROUNDS_ON_PREC_LOSS = True
-    SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY = True
+    SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY: ClassVar[bool] = True
     SUPPORTS_INDEXES = True
     TYPE_CLASSES = {
         # Timestamps
@@ -110,8 +110,12 @@ def is_distinct_from(self, a: str, b: str) -> str:
         # See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/18684859/857383
         return f"(({a}<>{b} OR {a} IS NULL OR {b} IS NULL) AND NOT({a} IS NULL AND {b} IS NULL))"
 
-    def offset_limit(
-        self, offset: Optional[int] = None, limit: Optional[int] = None, has_order_by: Optional[bool] = None
+    def limit_select(
+        self,
+        select_query: str,
+        offset: Optional[int] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+        has_order_by: Optional[bool] = None,
     ) -> str:
         if offset:
             raise NotImplementedError("No support for OFFSET in query")
@@ -121,7 +125,7 @@ def offset_limit(
             result += "ORDER BY 1"
 
         result += f" OFFSET 0 ROWS FETCH NEXT {limit} ROWS ONLY"
-        return result
+        return f"SELECT * FROM ({select_query}) AS LIMITED_SELECT {result}"
 
     def constant_values(self, rows) -> str:
         values = ", ".join("(%s)" % ", ".join(self._constant_value(v) for v in row) for row in rows)
@@ -147,10 +151,13 @@ def normalize_number(self, value: str, coltype: NumericType) -> str:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"convert(bigint, convert(varbinary, '0x' + RIGHT(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(32), HashBytes('MD5', {s}), 2), {CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS}), 1)) - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"HashBytes('MD5', {s})"
+
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class MsSQL(ThreadedDatabase):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "mssql://<user>:<password>@<host>/<database>/<schema>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["database", "schema"]
 
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/mysql.py b/data_diff/databases/mysql.py
index f4993b87..647388f2 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/mysql.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/mysql.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, Type
 
 import attrs
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def import_mysql():
 class Dialect(BaseDialect):
     name = "MySQL"
     ROUNDS_ON_PREC_LOSS = True
-    SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY = True
+    SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY: ClassVar[bool] = True
     SUPPORTS_INDEXES = True
     TYPE_CLASSES = {
         # Dates
@@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ def set_timezone_to_utc(self) -> str:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"conv(substring(md5({s}), {1+MD5_HEXDIGITS-CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS}), 16, 10) - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"md5({s})"
+
     def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
         if coltype.rounds:
             return self.to_string(f"cast( cast({value} as datetime({coltype.precision})) as datetime(6))")
@@ -117,7 +120,7 @@ def normalize_uuid(self, value: str, coltype: ColType_UUID) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class MySQL(ThreadedDatabase):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     SUPPORTS_ALPHANUMS = False
     SUPPORTS_UNIQUE_CONSTAINT = True
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "mysql://<user>:<password>@<host>/<database>"
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/oracle.py b/data_diff/databases/oracle.py
index a8b8b75b..ab84f0b6 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/oracle.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/oracle.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, List, Optional, Type
 
 import attrs
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class Dialect(
     BaseDialect,
 ):
     name = "Oracle"
-    SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY = True
+    SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY: ClassVar[bool] = True
     SUPPORTS_INDEXES = True
     TYPE_CLASSES: Dict[str, type] = {
         "NUMBER": Decimal,
@@ -64,13 +64,17 @@ def quote(self, s: str):
     def to_string(self, s: str):
         return f"cast({s} as varchar(1024))"
 
-    def offset_limit(
-        self, offset: Optional[int] = None, limit: Optional[int] = None, has_order_by: Optional[bool] = None
+    def limit_select(
+        self,
+        select_query: str,
+        offset: Optional[int] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+        has_order_by: Optional[bool] = None,
     ) -> str:
         if offset:
             raise NotImplementedError("No support for OFFSET in query")
 
-        return f"FETCH NEXT {limit} ROWS ONLY"
+        return f"SELECT * FROM ({select_query}) FETCH NEXT {limit} ROWS ONLY"
 
     def concat(self, items: List[str]) -> str:
         joined_exprs = " || ".join(items)
@@ -133,6 +137,9 @@ def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         # TODO: Find a way to use UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER ?
         return f"to_number(substr(standard_hash({s}, 'MD5'), {1+MD5_HEXDIGITS-CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS}), 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"standard_hash({s}, 'MD5')"
+
     def normalize_uuid(self, value: str, coltype: ColType_UUID) -> str:
         # Cast is necessary for correct MD5 (trimming not enough)
         return f"CAST(TRIM({value}) AS VARCHAR(36))"
@@ -157,7 +164,7 @@ def normalize_number(self, value: str, coltype: FractionalType) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class Oracle(ThreadedDatabase):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "oracle://<user>:<password>@<host>/<database>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["database?"]
 
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/postgresql.py b/data_diff/databases/postgresql.py
index 075d6aff..4b9e945f 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/postgresql.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/postgresql.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def import_postgresql():
 class PostgresqlDialect(BaseDialect):
     name = "PostgreSQL"
     ROUNDS_ON_PREC_LOSS = True
-    SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY = True
+    SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY: ClassVar[bool] = True
     SUPPORTS_INDEXES = True
 
     TYPE_CLASSES: ClassVar[Dict[str, Type[ColType]]] = {
@@ -98,6 +98,9 @@ def type_repr(self, t) -> str:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"('x' || substring(md5({s}), {1+MD5_HEXDIGITS-CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS}))::bit({_CHECKSUM_BITSIZE})::bigint - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"md5({s})"
+
     def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
         if coltype.rounds:
             return f"to_char({value}::timestamp({coltype.precision}), 'YYYY-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS.US')"
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ def normalize_json(self, value: str, _coltype: JSON) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class PostgreSQL(ThreadedDatabase):
-    dialect = PostgresqlDialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = PostgresqlDialect
     SUPPORTS_UNIQUE_CONSTAINT = True
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "postgresql://<user>:<password>@<host>/<database>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["database?"]
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/presto.py b/data_diff/databases/presto.py
index f575719a..ba1c7360 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/presto.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/presto.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from functools import partial
 import re
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Type
 
 import attrs
 
@@ -128,6 +128,9 @@ def current_timestamp(self) -> str:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"cast(from_base(substr(to_hex(md5(to_utf8({s}))), {1+MD5_HEXDIGITS-CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS}), 16) as decimal(38, 0)) - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"to_hex(md5(to_utf8({s})))"
+
     def normalize_uuid(self, value: str, coltype: ColType_UUID) -> str:
         # Trim doesn't work on CHAR type
         return f"TRIM(CAST({value} AS VARCHAR))"
@@ -150,7 +153,7 @@ def normalize_boolean(self, value: str, _coltype: Boolean) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class Presto(Database):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "presto://<user>@<host>/<catalog>/<schema>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["catalog", "schema"]
 
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/redshift.py b/data_diff/databases/redshift.py
index b617f6d0..7a621f57 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/redshift.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/redshift.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     TimestampTZ,
 )
 from data_diff.databases.postgresql import (
+    BaseDialect,
     PostgreSQL,
     MD5_HEXDIGITS,
     CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS,
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@ def type_repr(self, t) -> str:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"strtol(substring(md5({s}), {1+MD5_HEXDIGITS-CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS}), 16)::decimal(38) - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"md5({s})"
+
     def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
         if coltype.rounds:
             timestamp = f"{value}::timestamp(6)"
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ def normalize_json(self, value: str, _coltype: JSON) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class Redshift(PostgreSQL):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "redshift://<user>:<password>@<host>/<database>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["database?"]
 
@@ -126,9 +130,7 @@ def select_view_columns(self, path: DbPath) -> str:
 
         return """select * from pg_get_cols('{}.{}')
                 cols(view_schema name, view_name name, col_name name, col_type varchar, col_num int)
-            """.format(
-            schema, table
-        )
+            """.format(schema, table)
 
     def query_pg_get_cols(self, path: DbPath) -> Dict[str, tuple]:
         rows = self.query(self.select_view_columns(path), list)
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/snowflake.py b/data_diff/databases/snowflake.py
index 857e7c89..bedacd80 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/snowflake.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/snowflake.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Union, List
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Union, List, Type
 import logging
 
 import attrs
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ def type_repr(self, t) -> str:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"BITAND(md5_number_lower64({s}), {CHECKSUM_MASK}) - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"md5({s})"
+
     def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
         if coltype.rounds:
             timestamp = f"to_timestamp(round(date_part(epoch_nanosecond, convert_timezone('UTC', {value})::timestamp(9))/1000000000, {coltype.precision}))"
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ def normalize_boolean(self, value: str, _coltype: Boolean) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class Snowflake(Database):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "snowflake://<user>:<password>@<account>/<database>/<SCHEMA>?warehouse=<WAREHOUSE>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["database", "schema"]
     CONNECT_URI_KWPARAMS = ["warehouse"]
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/trino.py b/data_diff/databases/trino.py
index f0c95ee4..b76ba74b 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/trino.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/trino.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Type
 
 import attrs
 
 from data_diff.abcs.database_types import TemporalType, ColType_UUID
 from data_diff.databases import presto
 from data_diff.databases.base import import_helper
-from data_diff.databases.base import TIMESTAMP_PRECISION_POS
+from data_diff.databases.base import TIMESTAMP_PRECISION_POS, BaseDialect
 
 
 @import_helper("trino")
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def normalize_uuid(self, value: str, coltype: ColType_UUID) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class Trino(presto.Presto):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "trino://<user>@<host>/<catalog>/<schema>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["catalog", "schema"]
 
diff --git a/data_diff/databases/vertica.py b/data_diff/databases/vertica.py
index 51dc00fa..23f63acc 100644
--- a/data_diff/databases/vertica.py
+++ b/data_diff/databases/vertica.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, List, Type
 
 import attrs
 
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ def import_vertica():
     return vertica_python
 
 
+@attrs.define(frozen=False)
 class Dialect(BaseDialect):
     name = "Vertica"
     ROUNDS_ON_PREC_LOSS = True
@@ -109,6 +110,9 @@ def current_timestamp(self) -> str:
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         return f"CAST(HEX_TO_INTEGER(SUBSTRING(MD5({s}), {1 + MD5_HEXDIGITS - CHECKSUM_HEXDIGITS})) AS NUMERIC(38, 0)) - {CHECKSUM_OFFSET}"
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        return f"MD5({s})"
+
     def normalize_timestamp(self, value: str, coltype: TemporalType) -> str:
         if coltype.rounds:
             return f"TO_CHAR({value}::TIMESTAMP({coltype.precision}), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.US')"
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ def normalize_boolean(self, value: str, _coltype: Boolean) -> str:
 
 @attrs.define(frozen=False, init=False, kw_only=True)
 class Vertica(ThreadedDatabase):
-    dialect = Dialect()
+    DIALECT_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[BaseDialect]] = Dialect
     CONNECT_URI_HELP = "vertica://<user>:<password>@<host>/<database>"
     CONNECT_URI_PARAMS = ["database?"]
 
diff --git a/data_diff/diff_tables.py b/data_diff/diff_tables.py
index 44daba34..66802426 100644
--- a/data_diff/diff_tables.py
+++ b/data_diff/diff_tables.py
@@ -208,6 +208,10 @@ def _diff_tables_wrapper(self, table1: TableSegment, table2: TableSegment, info_
             event_json = create_start_event_json(options)
             run_as_daemon(send_event_json, event_json)
 
+        if table1.database.dialect.PREVENT_OVERFLOW_WHEN_CONCAT or table2.database.dialect.PREVENT_OVERFLOW_WHEN_CONCAT:
+            table1.database.dialect.enable_preventing_type_overflow()
+            table2.database.dialect.enable_preventing_type_overflow()
+
         start = time.monotonic()
         error = None
         try:
diff --git a/data_diff/queries/ast_classes.py b/data_diff/queries/ast_classes.py
index 9c140a5f..3bf14fd7 100644
--- a/data_diff/queries/ast_classes.py
+++ b/data_diff/queries/ast_classes.py
@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@ def else_(self, then: Expr) -> Self:
 @attrs.define(frozen=True, eq=False)
 class QB_When:
     "Partial case-when, used for query-building"
+
     casewhen: CaseWhen
     when: Expr
 
diff --git a/data_diff/version.py b/data_diff/version.py
index 5b709086..1819ca0f 100644
--- a/data_diff/version.py
+++ b/data_diff/version.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "0.9.12"
+__version__ = "0.9.13"
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 8fa89af1..16e4495c 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -195,6 +195,17 @@ files = [
 [package.dependencies]
 pycparser = "*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cfgv"
+version = "3.4.0"
+description = "Validate configuration and produce human readable error messages."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "cfgv-3.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b7265b1f29fd3316bfcd2b330d63d024f2bfd8bcb8b0272f8e19a504856c48f9"},
+    {file = "cfgv-3.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e52591d4c5f5dead8e0f673fb16db7949d2cfb3f7da4582893288f0ded8fe560"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "charset-normalizer"
 version = "2.0.12"
@@ -545,6 +556,17 @@ python-dateutil = ">=2.0,<3.0"
 pyyaml = ">=6.0,<7.0"
 typing-extensions = ">=4.0,<5.0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "distlib"
+version = "0.3.7"
+description = "Distribution utilities"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+files = [
+    {file = "distlib-0.3.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2e24928bc811348f0feb63014e97aaae3037f2cf48712d51ae61df7fd6075057"},
+    {file = "distlib-0.3.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9dafe54b34a028eafd95039d5e5d4851a13734540f1331060d31c9916e7147a8"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dsnparse"
 version = "0.1.15"
@@ -651,6 +673,20 @@ files = [
 jsonschema = ">=3.0"
 python-dateutil = ">=2.8,<2.9"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "identify"
+version = "2.5.31"
+description = "File identification library for Python"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "identify-2.5.31-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:90199cb9e7bd3c5407a9b7e81b4abec4bb9d249991c79439ec8af740afc6293d"},
+    {file = "identify-2.5.31.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7736b3c7a28233637e3c36550646fc6389bedd74ae84cb788200cc8e2dd60b75"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+license = ["ukkonen"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
 version = "3.4"
@@ -1104,6 +1140,20 @@ doc = ["nb2plots (>=0.6)", "numpydoc (>=1.1)", "pillow (>=8.2)", "pydata-sphinx-
 extra = ["lxml (>=4.5)", "pydot (>=1.4.1)", "pygraphviz (>=1.7)"]
 test = ["codecov (>=2.1)", "pytest (>=6.2)", "pytest-cov (>=2.12)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "nodeenv"
+version = "1.8.0"
+description = "Node.js virtual environment builder"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,!=3.5.*,!=3.6.*"
+files = [
+    {file = "nodeenv-1.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:df865724bb3c3adc86b3876fa209771517b0cfe596beff01a92700e0e8be4cec"},
+    {file = "nodeenv-1.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d51e0c37e64fbf47d017feac3145cdbb58836d7eee8c6f6d3b6880c5456227d2"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+setuptools = "*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "oracledb"
 version = "1.3.2"
@@ -1211,6 +1261,39 @@ files = [
     {file = "pathspec-0.11.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e0d8d0ac2f12da61956eb2306b69f9469b42f4deb0f3cb6ed47b9cce9996ced3"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "platformdirs"
+version = "3.11.0"
+description = "A small Python package for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a \"user data dir\"."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+files = [
+    {file = "platformdirs-3.11.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e9d171d00af68be50e9202731309c4e658fd8bc76f55c11c7dd760d023bda68e"},
+    {file = "platformdirs-3.11.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cf8ee52a3afdb965072dcc652433e0c7e3e40cf5ea1477cd4b3b1d2eb75495b3"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["furo (>=2023.7.26)", "proselint (>=0.13)", "sphinx (>=7.1.1)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.24)"]
+test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "covdefaults (>=2.3)", "pytest (>=7.4)", "pytest-cov (>=4.1)", "pytest-mock (>=3.11.1)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pre-commit"
+version = "3.5.0"
+description = "A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "pre_commit-3.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:841dc9aef25daba9a0238cd27984041fa0467b4199fc4852e27950664919f660"},
+    {file = "pre_commit-3.5.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5804465c675b659b0862f07907f96295d490822a450c4c40e747d0b1c6ebcb32"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+cfgv = ">=2.0.0"
+identify = ">=1.0.0"
+nodeenv = ">=0.11.1"
+pyyaml = ">=5.1"
+virtualenv = ">=20.10.0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "preql"
 version = "0.2.19"
@@ -1724,6 +1807,32 @@ pygments = ">=2.6.0,<3.0.0"
 [package.extras]
 jupyter = ["ipywidgets (>=7.5.1,<8.0.0)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ruff"
+version = "0.1.4"
+description = "An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+files = [
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-macosx_10_7_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:864958706b669cce31d629902175138ad8a069d99ca53514611521f532d91495"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_11_0_arm64.macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:9fdd61883bb34317c788af87f4cd75dfee3a73f5ded714b77ba928e418d6e39e"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:b4eaca8c9cc39aa7f0f0d7b8fe24ecb51232d1bb620fc4441a61161be4a17539"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:a9a1301dc43cbf633fb603242bccd0aaa34834750a14a4c1817e2e5c8d60de17"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:78e8db8ab6f100f02e28b3d713270c857d370b8d61871d5c7d1702ae411df683"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64.manylinux2014_ppc64.whl", hash = "sha256:80fea754eaae06335784b8ea053d6eb8e9aac75359ebddd6fee0858e87c8d510"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:6bc02a480d4bfffd163a723698da15d1a9aec2fced4c06f2a753f87f4ce6969c"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:9862811b403063765b03e716dac0fda8fdbe78b675cd947ed5873506448acea4"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:58826efb8b3efbb59bb306f4b19640b7e366967a31c049d49311d9eb3a4c60cb"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:fdfd453fc91d9d86d6aaa33b1bafa69d114cf7421057868f0b79104079d3e66e"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:e8791482d508bd0b36c76481ad3117987301b86072158bdb69d796503e1c84a8"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:01206e361021426e3c1b7fba06ddcb20dbc5037d64f6841e5f2b21084dc51800"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:645591a613a42cb7e5c2b667cbefd3877b21e0252b59272ba7212c3d35a5819f"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:99908ca2b3b85bffe7e1414275d004917d1e0dfc99d497ccd2ecd19ad115fd0d"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:1dfd6bf8f6ad0a4ac99333f437e0ec168989adc5d837ecd38ddb2cc4a2e3db8a"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:d98ae9ebf56444e18a3e3652b3383204748f73e247dea6caaf8b52d37e6b32da"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:21520ecca4cc555162068d87c747b8f95e1e95f8ecfcbbe59e8dd00710586315"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "runtype"
 version = "0.2.7"
@@ -2002,6 +2111,26 @@ files = [
 python-dateutil = ">=1.5"
 six = ">=1.10.0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "virtualenv"
+version = "20.24.6"
+description = "Virtual Python Environment builder"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+files = [
+    {file = "virtualenv-20.24.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:520d056652454c5098a00c0f073611ccbea4c79089331f60bf9d7ba247bb7381"},
+    {file = "virtualenv-20.24.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:02ece4f56fbf939dbbc33c0715159951d6bf14aaf5457b092e4548e1382455af"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+distlib = ">=0.3.7,<1"
+filelock = ">=3.12.2,<4"
+platformdirs = ">=3.9.1,<4"
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["furo (>=2023.7.26)", "proselint (>=0.13)", "sphinx (>=7.1.2)", "sphinx-argparse (>=0.4)", "sphinxcontrib-towncrier (>=0.2.1a0)", "towncrier (>=23.6)"]
+test = ["covdefaults (>=2.3)", "coverage (>=7.2.7)", "coverage-enable-subprocess (>=1)", "flaky (>=3.7)", "packaging (>=23.1)", "pytest (>=7.4)", "pytest-env (>=0.8.2)", "pytest-freezer (>=0.4.8)", "pytest-mock (>=3.11.1)", "pytest-randomly (>=3.12)", "pytest-timeout (>=2.1)", "setuptools (>=68)", "time-machine (>=2.10)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wcwidth"
 version = "0.2.5"
@@ -2045,4 +2174,4 @@ vertica = ["vertica-python"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = "^3.8.0"
-content-hash = "925ab3b5dc0ef5a9ddb125e7a3bcf4800bee5d5d3ef67d73a48cfae587fa4505"
+content-hash = "b7f8880be9658fa523ff4737d1fdefd09d124ab09fac22fa9ec6a83454940c1d"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 091d8fb2..e8952a5c 100755
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "data-diff"
-version = "0.9.12"
+version = "0.9.13"
 description = "Command-line tool and Python library to efficiently diff rows across two different databases."
 authors = ["Datafold <data-diff@datafold.com>"]
 license = "MIT"
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ clickhouse-driver = "*"
 vertica-python = "*"
 duckdb = "^0.7.0"
 dbt-core = "^1.0.0"
+ruff = "^0.1.4"
 # google-cloud-bigquery = "*"
 # databricks-sql-connector = "*"
 
@@ -80,6 +81,9 @@ clickhouse = ["clickhouse-driver"]
 vertica = ["vertica-python"]
 duckdb = ["duckdb"]
 
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
+pre-commit = "^3.5.0"
+
 [build-system]
 requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
 build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
diff --git a/ruff.toml b/ruff.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..870cba20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ruff.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Allow lines to be as long as 120.
+line-length = 120
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common.py b/tests/common.py
index 018f2e32..2fc6be19 100644
--- a/tests/common.py
+++ b/tests/common.py
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ def str_to_checksum(str: str):
 
 class DiffTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     "Sets up two tables for diffing"
+
     db_cls = None
     src_schema = None
     dst_schema = None
diff --git a/tests/test_joindiff.py b/tests/test_joindiff.py
index ed8a31b6..0f664c45 100644
--- a/tests/test_joindiff.py
+++ b/tests/test_joindiff.py
@@ -270,7 +270,9 @@ def test_null_pks(self):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, list, x)
 
 
-@test_each_database_in_list(d for d in TEST_DATABASES if d.dialect.SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY and d.SUPPORTS_UNIQUE_CONSTAINT)
+@test_each_database_in_list(
+    d for d in TEST_DATABASES if d.DIALECT_CLASS.SUPPORTS_PRIMARY_KEY and d.SUPPORTS_UNIQUE_CONSTAINT
+)
 class TestUniqueConstraint(DiffTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
diff --git a/tests/test_query.py b/tests/test_query.py
index 69900b4b..2585c02e 100644
--- a/tests/test_query.py
+++ b/tests/test_query.py
@@ -50,11 +50,16 @@ def current_database(self) -> str:
     def current_schema(self) -> str:
         return "current_schema()"
 
-    def offset_limit(
-        self, offset: Optional[int] = None, limit: Optional[int] = None, has_order_by: Optional[bool] = None
+    def limit_select(
+        self,
+        select_query: str,
+        offset: Optional[int] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+        has_order_by: Optional[bool] = None,
     ) -> str:
         x = offset and f"OFFSET {offset}", limit and f"LIMIT {limit}"
-        return " ".join(filter(None, x))
+        result = " ".join(filter(None, x))
+        return f"SELECT * FROM ({select_query}) AS LIMITED_SELECT {result}"
 
     def explain_as_text(self, query: str) -> str:
         return f"explain {query}"
@@ -71,6 +76,9 @@ def optimizer_hints(self, s: str):
     def md5_as_int(self, s: str) -> str:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
+    def md5_as_hex(self, s: str) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
     def normalize_number(self, value: str, coltype: FractionalType) -> str:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -192,7 +200,7 @@ def test_funcs(self):
         t = table("a")
 
         q = c.compile(t.order_by(Random()).limit(10))
-        self.assertEqual(q, "SELECT * FROM a ORDER BY random() LIMIT 10")
+        self.assertEqual(q, "SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM a ORDER BY random()) AS LIMITED_SELECT LIMIT 10")
 
         q = c.compile(t.select(coalesce(this.a, this.b)))
         self.assertEqual(q, "SELECT COALESCE(a, b) FROM a")
@@ -210,7 +218,7 @@ def test_select_distinct(self):
 
         # selects stay apart
         q = c.compile(t.limit(10).select(this.b, distinct=True))
-        self.assertEqual(q, "SELECT DISTINCT b FROM (SELECT * FROM a LIMIT 10) tmp1")
+        self.assertEqual(q, "SELECT DISTINCT b FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM a) AS LIMITED_SELECT LIMIT 10) tmp1")
 
         q = c.compile(t.select(this.b, distinct=True).select(distinct=False))
         self.assertEqual(q, "SELECT * FROM (SELECT DISTINCT b FROM a) tmp2")
@@ -226,7 +234,9 @@ def test_select_with_optimizer_hints(self):
         self.assertEqual(q, "SELECT /*+ PARALLEL(a 16) */ b FROM a WHERE (b > 10)")
 
         q = c.compile(t.limit(10).select(this.b, optimizer_hints="PARALLEL(a 16)"))
-        self.assertEqual(q, "SELECT /*+ PARALLEL(a 16) */ b FROM (SELECT * FROM a LIMIT 10) tmp1")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            q, "SELECT /*+ PARALLEL(a 16) */ b FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM a) AS LIMITED_SELECT LIMIT 10) tmp1"
+        )
 
         q = c.compile(t.select(this.a).group_by(this.b).agg(this.c).select(optimizer_hints="PARALLEL(a 16)"))
         self.assertEqual(

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