# Copyright 2008-2014 Software freedom conservancy
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import hashlib
import os
import zipfile
try:
from StringIO import StringIO as IOStream
except ImportError: # 3+
from io import BytesIO as IOStream
import base64
from .command import Command
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.common.exceptions import InvalidSelectorException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
try:
str = basestring
except NameError:
pass
[docs]class WebElement(object):
"""Represents a DOM element.
Generally, all interesting operations that interact with a document will be
performed through this interface.
All method calls will do a freshness check to ensure that the element
reference is still valid. This essentially determines whether or not the
element is still attached to the DOM. If this test fails, then an
``StaleElementReferenceException`` is thrown, and all future calls to this
instance will fail."""
def __init__(self, parent, id_):
self._parent = parent
self._id = id_
@property
[docs] def tag_name(self):
"""This element's ``tagName`` property."""
return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_TAG_NAME)['value']
@property
[docs] def text(self):
"""The text of the element."""
return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_TEXT)['value']
[docs] def click(self):
"""Clicks the element."""
self._execute(Command.CLICK_ELEMENT)
[docs] def submit(self):
"""Submits a form."""
self._execute(Command.SUBMIT_ELEMENT)
[docs] def clear(self):
"""Clears the text if it's a text entry element."""
self._execute(Command.CLEAR_ELEMENT)
[docs] def get_attribute(self, name):
"""Gets the given attribute or property of the element.
This method will first try to return the value of a property with the
given name. If a property with that name doesn't exist, it returns the
value of the attribute with the same name. If there's no attribute with
that name, ``None`` is returned.
Values which are considered truthy, that is equals "true" or "false",
are returned as booleans. All other non-``None`` values are returned
as strings. For attributes or properties which do not exist, ``None``
is returned.
:Args:
- name - Name of the attribute/property to retrieve.
Example::
# Check if the "active" CSS class is applied to an element.
is_active = "active" in target_element.get_attribute("class")
"""
resp = self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_ATTRIBUTE, {'name': name})
attributeValue = ''
if resp['value'] is None:
attributeValue = None
else:
attributeValue = resp['value']
if name != 'value' and attributeValue.lower() in ('true', 'false'):
attributeValue = attributeValue.lower()
return attributeValue
[docs] def is_selected(self):
"""Returns whether the element is selected.
Can be used to check if a checkbox or radio button is selected.
"""
return self._execute(Command.IS_ELEMENT_SELECTED)['value']
[docs] def is_enabled(self):
"""Returns whether the element is enabled."""
return self._execute(Command.IS_ELEMENT_ENABLED)['value']
[docs] def find_element_by_id(self, id_):
"""Finds element within this element's children by ID.
:Args:
- id_ - ID of child element to locate.
"""
return self.find_element(by=By.ID, value=id_)
[docs] def find_elements_by_id(self, id_):
"""Finds a list of elements within this element's children by ID.
:Args:
- id_ - Id of child element to find.
"""
return self.find_elements(by=By.ID, value=id_)
[docs] def find_element_by_name(self, name):
"""Finds element within this element's children by name.
:Args:
- name - name property of the element to find.
"""
return self.find_element(by=By.NAME, value=name)
[docs] def find_elements_by_name(self, name):
"""Finds a list of elements within this element's children by name.
:Args:
- name - name property to search for.
"""
return self.find_elements(by=By.NAME, value=name)
[docs] def find_element_by_link_text(self, link_text):
"""Finds element within this element's children by visible link text.
:Args:
- link_text - Link text string to search for.
"""
return self.find_element(by=By.LINK_TEXT, value=link_text)
[docs] def find_elements_by_link_text(self, link_text):
"""Finds a list of elements within this element's children by visible link text.
:Args:
- link_text - Link text string to search for.
"""
return self.find_elements(by=By.LINK_TEXT, value=link_text)
[docs] def find_element_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text):
"""Finds element within this element's children by partially visible link text.
:Args:
- link_text - Link text string to search for.
"""
return self.find_element(by=By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, value=link_text)
[docs] def find_elements_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text):
"""Finds a list of elements within this element's children by link text.
:Args:
- link_text - Link text string to search for.
"""
return self.find_elements(by=By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, value=link_text)
[docs] def find_element_by_tag_name(self, name):
"""Finds element within this element's children by tag name.
:Args:
- name - name of html tag (eg: h1, a, span)
"""
return self.find_element(by=By.TAG_NAME, value=name)
[docs] def find_elements_by_tag_name(self, name):
"""Finds a list of elements within this element's children by tag name.
:Args:
- name - name of html tag (eg: h1, a, span)
"""
return self.find_elements(by=By.TAG_NAME, value=name)
[docs] def find_element_by_xpath(self, xpath):
"""Finds element by xpath.
:Args:
xpath - xpath of element to locate. "//input[@class='myelement']"
Note: The base path will be relative to this element's location.
This will select the first link under this element.
::
myelement.find_elements_by_xpath(".//a")
However, this will select the first link on the page.
::
myelement.find_elements_by_xpath("//a")
"""
return self.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=xpath)
[docs] def find_elements_by_xpath(self, xpath):
"""Finds elements within the element by xpath.
:Args:
- xpath - xpath locator string.
Note: The base path will be relative to this element's location.
This will select all links under this element.
::
myelement.find_elements_by_xpath(".//a")
However, this will select all links in the page itself.
::
myelement.find_elements_by_xpath("//a")
"""
return self.find_elements(by=By.XPATH, value=xpath)
[docs] def find_element_by_class_name(self, name):
"""Finds element within this element's children by class name.
:Args:
- name - class name to search for.
"""
return self.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value=name)
[docs] def find_elements_by_class_name(self, name):
"""Finds a list of elements within this element's children by class name.
:Args:
- name - class name to search for.
"""
return self.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value=name)
[docs] def find_element_by_css_selector(self, css_selector):
"""Finds element within this element's children by CSS selector.
:Args:
- css_selector - CSS selctor string, ex: 'a.nav#home'
"""
return self.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value=css_selector)
[docs] def find_elements_by_css_selector(self, css_selector):
"""Finds a list of elements within this element's children by CSS selector.
:Args:
- css_selector - CSS selctor string, ex: 'a.nav#home'
"""
return self.find_elements(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value=css_selector)
[docs] def send_keys(self, *value):
"""Simulates typing into the element.
:Args:
- value - A string for typing, or setting form fields. For setting
file inputs, this could be a local file path.
Use this to send simple key events or to fill out form fields::
form_textfield = driver.find_element_by_name('username')
form_textfield.send_keys("admin")
This can also be used to set file inputs.
::
file_input = driver.find_element_by_name('profilePic')
file_input.send_keys("path/to/profilepic.gif")
# Generally it's better to wrap the file path in one of the methods
# in os.path to return the actual path to support cross OS testing.
# file_input.send_keys(os.path.abspath("path/to/profilepic.gif"))
"""
# transfer file to another machine only if remote driver is used
# the same behaviour as for java binding
if self.parent._is_remote:
local_file = self.parent.file_detector.is_local_file(*value)
if local_file is not None:
value = self._upload(local_file)
typing = []
for val in value:
if isinstance(val, Keys):
typing.append(val)
elif isinstance(val, int):
val = val.__str__()
for i in range(len(val)):
typing.append(val[i])
else:
for i in range(len(val)):
typing.append(val[i])
self._execute(Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ELEMENT, {'value': typing})
# RenderedWebElement Items
[docs] def is_displayed(self):
"""Whether the element is visible to a user."""
return self._execute(Command.IS_ELEMENT_DISPLAYED)['value']
@property
@property
[docs] def size(self):
"""The size of the element."""
size = self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_SIZE)['value']
new_size = {}
new_size["height"] = size["height"]
new_size["width"] = size["width"]
return new_size
[docs] def value_of_css_property(self, property_name):
"""The value of a CSS property."""
return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_VALUE_OF_CSS_PROPERTY,
{'propertyName': property_name})['value']
@property
[docs] def location(self):
"""The location of the element in the renderable canvas."""
old_loc = self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_LOCATION)['value']
new_loc = {"x": old_loc['x'],
"y": old_loc['y']}
return new_loc
@property
[docs] def rect(self):
"""A dictionary with the size and location of the element."""
return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_RECT)['value']
@property
[docs] def parent(self):
"""Internal reference to the WebDriver instance this element was found from."""
return self._parent
@property
[docs] def id(self):
"""Internal ID used by selenium.
This is mainly for internal use. Simple use cases such as checking if 2
webelements refer to the same element, can be done using ``==``::
if element1 == element2:
print("These 2 are equal")
"""
return self._id
def __eq__(self, element):
if self._id == element.id:
return True
else:
return self._execute(Command.ELEMENT_EQUALS, {'other': element.id})['value']
# Private Methods
def _execute(self, command, params=None):
"""Executes a command against the underlying HTML element.
Args:
command: The name of the command to _execute as a string.
params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.
Returns:
The command's JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.
"""
if not params:
params = {}
params['id'] = self._id
return self._parent.execute(command, params)
[docs] def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
if not By.is_valid(by) or not isinstance(value, str):
raise InvalidSelectorException("Invalid locator values passed in")
return self._execute(Command.FIND_CHILD_ELEMENT,
{"using": by, "value": value})['value']
[docs] def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
if not By.is_valid(by) or not isinstance(value, str):
raise InvalidSelectorException("Invalid locator values passed in")
return self._execute(Command.FIND_CHILD_ELEMENTS,
{"using": by, "value": value})['value']
def __hash__(self):
return int(hashlib.md5(self._id.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest(), 16)
def _upload(self, filename):
fp = IOStream()
zipped = zipfile.ZipFile(fp, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zipped.write(filename, os.path.split(filename)[1])
zipped.close()
content = base64.encodestring(fp.getvalue())
if not isinstance(content, str):
content = content.decode('utf-8')
try:
return self._execute(Command.UPLOAD_FILE,
{'file': content})['value']
except WebDriverException as e:
if "Unrecognized command: POST" in e.__str__():
return filename
elif "Command not found: POST " in e.__str__():
return filename
elif '{"status":405,"value":["GET","HEAD","DELETE"]}' in e.__str__():
return filename
else:
raise e