diff --git a/.github/FUNDING.yml b/.github/FUNDING.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e50aa4 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/FUNDING.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +github: jdevstatic diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 687f575..3842a20 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Introduction To Electronics +# Introduction To Electronics & Robotics -*`updated 21 April 2022`* +*`updated August 3, 2024`* TOC 1. [Electrical & Electronics Engineering](#electrical-and-electronics-engineering) @@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ TOC 1. [Arduino UNO](#arduino-uno) 4. [Circuit](#circuit) 1. [Two Basic Types of Circuits](#two-basic-types-of-circuits) -5. [Tech Terms](#tech-terms) + 2. [To Series Or To Parallel](#to-series-or-to-parallel) +5. [Some Common Tech Terms](#some-common-tech-terms) 6. [Voltage Vs Amperage](#voltage-vs-amperage) -7. [Electronic Components Used In Our Project](#electronic-components-used-in-our-project) -8. [Arduino and TinkerCAD](#arduino-and-tinkercad) +7. [Arduino and TinkerCAD](#arduino-and-tinkercad) ## Electrical And Electronics Engineering > Electrical and electronics engineering, the branch of @@ -35,10 +35,39 @@ and automatic control systems. *source: * ## Electronics And Robotics -Electronic devices can simply be controlled by adding a -**microcontroller**. When we program an electronic device -to do specific tasks (particularly with sensors), -we are now dealing with robotics. +Here are some interesting points: + +1. **Microcontroller Integration**: + - Microcontrollers are versatile components that can manage the operations + of various electronic devices by executing pre-programmed instructions. + - They serve as the "brain" of electronic devices, allowing for automation + and complex functionalities. + +2. **Programming Electronic Devices**: + - Programming involves writing code that the microcontroller executes, + enabling the device to perform specific tasks. + - This can include tasks like turning LEDs on and off, measuring + temperature with sensors, controlling motors, etc. + +3. **Transition to Robotics**: + - When electronic devices are equipped with sensors and actuators, and + programmed to interact with their environment, they move into the realm + of robotics. + - Robotics involves the design, construction, operation, and use of robots + for various applications, from simple automation to complex tasks like + navigation and manipulation. + +4. **Sensors and Actuators**: + - Sensors gather data from the environment (e.g., temperature, light, + distance). + - Actuators perform actions based on sensor data and programmed + instructions (e.g., moving a robotic arm, turning a wheel). + +5. **Applications of Robotics**: + - Robotics can be applied in numerous fields, including manufacturing, + healthcare, space exploration, and everyday consumer products. + - Examples include robotic vacuum cleaners, automated assembly lines, + medical robots for surgery, and Mars rovers. ## The Microcontroller > A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed @@ -57,7 +86,30 @@ a larger component, without a complex front-end operating system (OS). ### Arduino UNO -![sample](https://store-cdn.arduino.cc/usa/catalog/product/cache/1/image/500x375/f8876a31b63532bbba4e781c30024a0a/a/0/a000066_front_8.jpg) +The Arduino UNO is a widely used microcontroller board designed for building +digital devices and interactive objects. It features an ATmega328P +microcontroller with 14 digital I/O pins (6 PWM outputs) and 6 analog inputs. +Operating at 5V with a 16 MHz clock speed, it provides 32 KB flash memory, +2 KB SRAM, and 1 KB EEPROM. The board supports USB connectivity, +a power jack, ICSP header, and a reset button. + +#### Pros: +- user-friendly for beginners +- extensive community support +- versatile with many compatible sensors and shields +- open-source hardware and software + +#### Cons: +- limited processing power +- limited memory +- basic built-in connectivity options + +The Arduino UNO is perfect for those starting with electronics and +prototyping, offering a robust platform for learning and development. + +![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a3207b29-0b7a-4472-a237-f30d59abf75b) + +*image source: * ## Circuit > In electronics, a circuit is a closed path that allows @@ -68,10 +120,14 @@ break in the circuit. *source: * -![sample](https://electricalacademia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/tech-lesson-11-5a-electricity-and-circuits-basic-electrical-circuit-diagram-400x300.jpg) +![basic-electrical-circuit](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/08221a3f-ab19-4ce8-9d89-1013add1a15b) + +*image source: * ### Two Basic Types of Circuits -![sample](https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/series-and-parallel-circuit.png) +![series-parallel-circuits](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f002b18d-406a-42ee-bc71-24d51e959938) + +*image source: * Series Circuit > a series circuit comprises a path along which the @@ -83,7 +139,29 @@ current divides and only part of it flows through any branch. *source: * -## Tech Terms +### To Series Or To Parallel +- **Voltage Requirements**: + Series circuits are used to achieve specific voltage drops across + components, while parallel circuits maintain consistent + voltage across all connected components. + +- **Current Handling**: + Parallel connections distribute current among multiple paths, making + them suitable for applications where multiple components need + to share the load. In contrast, series connections ensure that + the same current flows through all components. + +- **Reliability and Redundancy**: + Parallel circuits offer increased reliability and redundancy. If one + component fails, others continue to operate, which is essential for + applications needing high availability. + +- **Design Goals**: + The design choice is driven by the desired characteristics such as + stability, flexibility, and protection. It’s about meeting the + specific performance and functional requirements of the device or circuit. + +## Some Common Tech Terms `open circuit` - an electrical circuit that is not complete. `electric current` - the rate at which electric @@ -119,50 +197,29 @@ it is not touching the ground, so even if there is the live wire, there is no return path completing the circuit and there is no electric shock.* -![photo](https://www.ibiblio.org/kuphaldt/electricCircuits/DC/00056.png) - *source: * +![electric-shock](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a04a9333-a1e2-4870-b7b6-0485ab2014ae) + +*image soure: * + `hot wire` (electrical term) - carries the electricity, also called `live wire` `terminal` - is the point at which a conductor from a component, device or network comes to an end. It is the point other components can be connected. ## Voltage Vs Amperage -Voltage and amperage are two measures of electrical -current or flow of electrons. `Voltage` is a measure of -the pressure that -allows electrons to flow, while `amperage` is a measure -of the volume of electrons. - -*source: -* -`volt` - the SI unit of electromotive force, the difference of potential that would drive one ampere of current against one ohm resistance. +Voltage and amperage are two measures of electrical current or the flow of electrons. +`voltage` is a measure of the pressure that allows electrons to flow, +while `amperage` is a measure of the volume of electrons. -`ampere` - the SI base unit of electrical current. +*source: * -## Electronic Components Used In Our Project -1. Power Supply - -It is the one responsible to power electrical -components. -We'll be using a Direct Current source, -a battery. +`volt` - The SI unit of electromotive force. It represents the potential +difference that would drive one ampere of current against one ohm of resistance. -2. Wires - -3. Light-Emitting Diode - a diode that emits -light. A `diode` is a semiconductor device with -two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current -in one direction only. A `semiconductor` is a substance, -usually a solid chemical element or compound, that can -conduct electricity under some conditions but not others, -making it a good medium for the control of electrical -current. -*source: * - -4. Switch (slide switch) - the component that can disrupt -the flow of a circuit, thereby giving us control. +`ampere` - The SI base unit of electrical current. ## Arduino and TinkerCAD Arduino is a prototyping platform consisting of both @@ -179,9 +236,10 @@ this time, it's just virtual. And since it is accessible through a browser, all you need is a device with a browser and an Internet connection and you are good to go: no further setup, -no additional downloads. - -You can check out my projects: +no additional downloads. -1. -2. +## More Of My Content +- [jdevfullstack Profile](https://github.com/jdevfullstack) +- [jdevfullstack Repos](https://github.com/jdevfullstack?tab=repositories) +- [jdevfullstack Projects](https://github.com/jdevfullstack-projects) +- [jdevfullstack Tutorials](https://github.com/jdevfullstack-tutorials) pFad - Phonifier reborn

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