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‎001_Python_datetime_Module.ipynb

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‎002_Python_strftime().ipynb

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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<small><small><i>\n",
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"All the IPython Notebooks in this lecture series by Dr. Milan Parmar are available @ **[GitHub](https://github.com/milaan9/08_Python_Date_Time_Module)**\n",
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"</i></small></small>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Python `strftime()`\n",
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"\n",
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"In this class, you will learn to convert date, time and datetime objects to its equivalent string (with the help of examples).\n",
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"\n",
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"The **`strftime()`** method returns a string representing date and time using **[date (@ Example 3), time (@ Example 7) or datetime (@ Example 9)](https://github.com/milaan9/08_Python_Date_Time_Module/blob/main/001_Python_datetime_Module.ipynb)** object."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### Example 1: datetime to string using `strftime()`"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"The program below converts a **`datetime`** object containing current date and time to different string formats."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 1,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2021-06-22T12:52:56.152582Z",
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"start_time": "2021-06-22T12:52:56.137932Z"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"year: 2021\n",
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"month: 06\n",
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"day: 22\n",
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"time: 18:22:56\n",
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"date and time: 06/22/2021, 18:22:56\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Example 1: datetime to string using strftime()\n",
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"\n",
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"from datetime import datetime\n",
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"\n",
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"now = datetime.now() # current date and time\n",
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"\n",
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"year = now.strftime(\"%Y\")\n",
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"print(\"year:\", year)\n",
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"\n",
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"month = now.strftime(\"%m\")\n",
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"print(\"month:\", month)\n",
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"\n",
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"day = now.strftime(\"%d\")\n",
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"print(\"day:\", day)\n",
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"\n",
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"time = now.strftime(\"%H:%M:%S\")\n",
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"print(\"time:\", time)\n",
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"\n",
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"date_time = now.strftime(\"%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S\")\n",
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"print(\"date and time:\",date_time)\n",
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"\n",
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"# When you run the program, the output will be something like below:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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">**Note:** Here, **`year`**, **`day`**, **`time`** and **`date_time`** are strings, whereas **`now`** is a **`datetime`** object."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## How `strftime()` works?\n",
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"\n",
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"In the above program, **`%Y`**, **`%m`**, **`%d`** etc. are format codes. The **`strftime()`** method takes one or more format codes as an argument and returns a formatted string based on it."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"1. We imported **`datetime`** class from the **`datetime`** module. It's because the object of **`datetime`** class can access **`strftime()`** method.\n",
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"\n",
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"<div>\n",
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"<img src=\"img/idt.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n",
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"</div>\n",
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"\n",
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"2. The **`datetime`** object containing current date and time is stored in **`now`** variable.\n",
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"\n",
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"<div>\n",
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"<img src=\"img/cdt.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n",
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"</div>\n",
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"\n",
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"3. The **`strftime()`** method can be used to create formatted strings.\n",
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"\n",
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"<div>\n",
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"<img src=\"img/strff1.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n",
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"</div>\n",
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"\n",
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"4. The string you pass to the **`strftime()`** method may contain more than one format codes.\n",
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"\n",
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"<div>\n",
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"<img src=\"img/strff2.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n",
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"</div>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### Example 2: Creating string from a timestamp"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 2,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2021-06-22T12:53:02.519227Z",
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"start_time": "2021-06-22T12:53:02.496769Z"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Date time object: 2018-06-12 15:25:22\n",
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"Output 2: 06/12/2018, 15:25:22\n",
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"Output 3: 12 Jun, 2018\n",
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"Output 4: 12 June, 2018\n",
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"Output 5: 03PM\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Example 2: Creating string from a timestamp\n",
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"\n",
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"from datetime import datetime\n",
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"\n",
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"timestamp = 1528797322\n",
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"date_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)\n",
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"\n",
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"print(\"Date time object:\", date_time)\n",
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"\n",
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"d = date_time.strftime(\"%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S\")\n",
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"print(\"Output 2:\", d)\t\n",
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"\n",
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"d = date_time.strftime(\"%d %b, %Y\")\n",
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"print(\"Output 3:\", d)\n",
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"\n",
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"d = date_time.strftime(\"%d %B, %Y\")\n",
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"print(\"Output 4:\", d)\n",
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"\n",
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"d = date_time.strftime(\"%I%p\")\n",
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"print(\"Output 5:\", d)\n",
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"\n",
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"# When you run the program, the output will be something like below:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"cell_style": "center"
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},
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"source": [
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"## Format Code List\n",
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"\n",
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"The table below shows all the codes that you can pass to the **`strftime()`** method.\n",
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"\n",
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"| Directive | Meaning | Example |\n",
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"|:----: |:---- |:---- |\n",
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"| **`%a`** | **Abbreviated weekday name.** | **Sun, Mon, ...** | \n",
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"| **`%A`** | **Full weekday name.** | **Sunday, Monday, ...** | \n",
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"| **`%w`** | **Weekday as a decimal number.** | **0, 1, ..., 6** | \n",
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"| **`%d`** | **Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal.** | **01, 02, ..., 31** | \n",
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"| **`%-d`** | **Day of the month as a decimal number.** | **1, 2, ..., 30** | \n",
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"| **`%b`** | **Abbreviated month name.** | **Jan, Feb, ..., Dec** | \n",
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"| **`%B`** | **Full month name.** | **January, February, ...** | \n",
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"| **`%m`** | **Month as a zero-padded decimal number.** | **01, 02, ..., 12** | \n",
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"| **`%-m`** | **Month as a decimal number.** | **1, 2, ..., 12** | \n",
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"| **`%y`** | **Year without century as a zero-padded decimal number.** | **00, 01, ..., 99** | \n",
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"| **`%-y`** | **Year without century as a decimal number.** | **0, 1, ..., 99** | \n",
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"| **`%Y`** | **Year with century as a decimal number.** | **2013, 2019 etc.** | \n",
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"| **`%H`** | **Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.** | **00, 01, ..., 23** | \n",
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"| **`%-H`** | **Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number.** | **0, 1, ..., 23** | \n",
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"| **`%I`** | **Hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.** | **01, 02, ..., 12** | \n",
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"| **`%-I`** | **Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number.** | **1, 2, ... 12** | \n",
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"| **`%p`** | **Locale’s AM or PM.** | **AM, PM** | \n",
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"| **`%M`** | **Minute as a zero-padded decimal number.** | **00, 01, ..., 59** | \n",
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"| **`%-M`** | **Minute as a decimal number.** | **0, 1, ..., 59** | \n",
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"| **`%S`** | **Second as a zero-padded decimal number.** | **00, 01, ..., 59** | \n",
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"| **`%-S`** | **Second as a decimal number.** | **0, 1, ..., 59** | \n",
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"| **`%f`** | **Microsecond as a decimal number, zero-padded on the left.** | **000000 - 999999** | \n",
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"| **`%z`** | **UTC offset in the form +HHMM or -HHMM.** | | \n",
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"| **`%Z`** | **Time zone name.** | | \n",
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"| **`%j`** | **Day of the year as a zero-padded decimal number.** | **001, 002, ..., 366** | \n",
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"| **`%-j`** | **Day of the year as a decimal number.** | **1, 2, ..., 366** | \n",
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"| **`%U`** | **Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week). All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.** | **00, 01, ..., 53** | \n",
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"| **`%U`** | **Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week). All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.** | **00, 01, ..., 53** | \n",
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"| **`%c`** | **Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.** | **Mon Sep 30 07:06:05 2013** | \n",
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"| **`%x`** | **Locale’s appropriate date representation.** | **09/30/13** | \n",
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"| **`%X`** | **Locale’s appropriate time representation.** | **07:06:05** | \n",
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"| **`%%`** | **A literal '%' character.** | **%** | "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### Example 3: Locale's appropriate date and time"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"end_time": "2021-06-22T12:53:04.486499Z",
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"start_time": "2021-06-22T12:53:04.472829Z"
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"Output 1: Tue Jun 12 15:25:22 2018\n",
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"Output 2: 06/12/18\n",
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"Output 3: 15:25:22\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Example 3: Locale's appropriate date and time\n",
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"\n",
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"from datetime import datetime\n",
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"\n",
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"timestamp = 1528797322\n",
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"date_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)\n",
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"\n",
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"d = date_time.strftime(\"%c\")\n",
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"print(\"Output 1:\", d)\t\n",
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"\n",
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"d = date_time.strftime(\"%x\")\n",
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"print(\"Output 2:\", d)\n",
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"\n",
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"d = date_time.strftime(\"%X\")\n",
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"print(\"Output 3:\", d)\n",
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"\n",
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"# When you run the program, the output will be something like below:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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">**Note:** Format codes **`%c`**, **`%x`** and **`%X`** are used for locale's appropriate date and time representation."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"We also recommend you to check **[Python strptime()](https://github.com/milaan9/08_Python_Date_Time_Module/blob/main/003_Python_strptime%28%29.ipynb)**. The **`strptime()`** method creates a **`datetime`** object from a string."
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]
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