"txt":"The Yelang Kingdom was an ancient minor kingdom in what is now Guizhou Province during the Han Dynasty. This kingdom lasted from 206 BC--220 AD [36]. Legend tells of how a girl washing clothes in the river found a boy in large piece of bamboo who would later become the King of Yelang [37]. There is a saying, \"Yelang zida\", which translates to \"Yelang is self-conceited.\" The story behind this phrase is that when an envoy from the Han empire came to Yelang, the King of Yelang asked the envoy, \"Which is bigger, Han or Yelang?\" Yelang was large enough only to be compared with a prefecture of Han [38]. It is said, the same Han envoy first went to the neighboring Dian Kingdom, also equally small in size to the Yelang Kingdom, whose King also asked the Han envoy the same question [38]. Other sources place the Yelang Kingdom as early as 475 BC--26 BC [40] or 5th century BC to the later Han Dynasty [41]. Yelang people were said to wear their hair up, have supernatural skills, lead farming lives and have strong armies, according to records from such history books as The Historian and The Han Shu [41]. Yelang was not a powerful state but an alliance of several tribes across areas in Guizhou and neighboring provinces [41]. Kele may have been the center of the Yelang Kingdom [41]. The rulers of Yelang may have been Yi people as Kele is predominantly Yi [41]. However, surronding Kele are many Miao people as well [41]."

"txt":"(1271--1368) Yuan Chao (Yeej Tshoj) Hmong are classified as Cooked and Raw. The rapid cultural change of Hmong people began through the Cook Hmong between the Raw Hmong and Chinese [51]. Hmong in Funan were recorded trading with Arabs. Hmong began exporting goods with wood work and food ingredients [44]. The Yuan Dynasty classified the people of China into 4 classes from highest to lowest: Mongolians, Se Mu (western people), Han, and Naj Fab (southern people). The Naj Fab received the worst of treatment from the Mongolian rulers. When the Mongolians attacked the Naj Fab people, both Hmong and Chinese stood to fight [44]."

"txt":"Hmong are referred to as Raw Hmong (Sheng Miao, Hmoob Nyoos) and Cooked Hmong (Shu Miao, Hmoob Siav) as recorded in the book Ming Shi Lu [51]."

"txt":"Ming official named, Gong Neng, wrote to the Ming Emperor stating [51], \"A Raw Hmong leader named, Liao Biao, of 25 Hmong villages in Gang Zi Ping, with 453 house holds, have come under you.\" Guo ZiZhang reported in his book Qing Ji [51], \"The Hmong are descendants of the Jiuli and San Miao kingdoms. These Hmong have only first names, and belong to no clans; they lack ethnic identity and an emperor. The Hmong living on Chinese soil are called Cooked Hmong. They are used to collect taxes and work for Chinese officials; they think like the Chinese; therefore, the Chinese want them to be citizens. They resigned their fate to the Emperor. The ones that do not want to be Chinese people are called Raw Hmong. There are more Raw Hmong than Cooked Hmong.\" Lu Ci Yun wrote in his book Dong Xi Qian Zhi [51], \"The Cooked Hmong are closer. The Raw Hmong are farther. The Cooked Hmong's life toil like horses and ox, such that I cannot begin to describe.\" Feng Xiang Xing wrote in his book Miao Su Ji Wen [51], \"From Yuan Zhou to the West are mostly Hmong. There is more Hmong in Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. The Hmong have a differences along the lines of Cooked and Raw. The Raw Hmong lived in the wilderness. We have not seen the Raw Hmong. The Cooked Hmong raise taxes for the Emperor and work like the Chinese. We see the Cooked Hmong everywhere.\" Gong Zi's book Miao Min Kao [51], \"The Hmong who come under the Emperor are Cooked Hmong. They are not that much different from the Chinese. The Raw Hmong are the ones remote from our areas. We do not understand their words, and their beliefs are different.\""

"txt":"Hmong began to rise up against Qing Dynasty. The Raw Hmong fought primarily to protect their territories. The Cooked Hmong fought to protect for equality [51]."

* The Yelang Kingdom was an ancient minor kingdom in what is now Guizhou Province during the Han Dynasty. This kingdom lasted from 206 BC--220 AD :cite:`2007:chinaorg_seal`. Legend tells of how a girl washing clothes in the river found a boy in large piece of bamboo who would later become the King of Yelang :cite:`2007:foreigner_yelang`. There is a saying, "Yelang zida", which translates to "Yelang is self-conceited." The story behind this phrase is that when an envoy from the Han empire came to Yelang, the King of Yelang asked the envoy, "Which is bigger, Han or Yelang?" Yelang was large enough only to be compared with a prefecture of Han :cite:`2007:guangdong_dian`. It is said, the same Han envoy first went to the neighboring Dian Kingdom, also equally small in size to the Yelang Kingdom, whose King also asked the Han envoy the same question :cite:`2007:guangdong_dian`. Other sources place the Yelang Kingdom as early as 475 BC--26 BC :cite:`2007:beijing_yelang` or 5th century BC to the later Han Dynasty :cite:`2007:peopledaily_yelang`. Yelang people were said to wear their hair up, have supernatural skills, lead farming lives and have strong armies, according to records from such history books as The Historian and The Han Shu :cite:`2007:peopledaily_yelang`. Yelang was not a powerful state but an alliance of several tribes across areas in Guizhou and neighboring provinces :cite:`2007:peopledaily_yelang`. Kele may have been the center of the Yelang Kingdom :cite:`2007:peopledaily_yelang`. The rulers of Yelang may have been Yi people as Kele is predominantly Yi :cite:`2007:peopledaily_yelang`. However, surronding Kele are many Miao people as well :cite:`2007:peopledaily_yelang`.

* (1271--1368) Yuan Chao (Yeej Tshoj) Hmong are classified as Cooked and Raw. The rapid cultural change of Hmong people began through the Cook Hmong between the Raw Hmong and Chinese :cite:`2007:wiki_revolt`. Hmong in Funan were recorded trading with Arabs. Hmong began exporting goods with wood work and food ingredients :cite:`1997:wu`. The Yuan Dynasty classified the people of China into 4 classes from highest to lowest: Mongolians, Se Mu (western people), Han, and Naj Fab (southern people). The Naj Fab received the worst of treatment from the Mongolian rulers. When the Mongolians attacked the Naj Fab people, both Hmong and Chinese stood to fight :cite:`1997:wu`.