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Deborah Cvikel

University of Haifa, The Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, Faculty Member

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I am a researcher at the Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, and senior lecturer at the Department of Maritime Civilizations, both at the University of Haifa, Israel. My areas of research and teaching are maritime history based on underwater archaeology, seamanship and ship-handling, and ancient ship construction.

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Papers by Deborah Cvikel

Unlocking the Serçe Limanı Forelock Bolt: An Archaeological–Mechanical Analysis of the Ubiquitous Maritime Fastener of Ancient Watercraft

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Nov 13, 2023

The forelock bolt was a ubiquitous joining technology employed by ancient shipwrights. Its system... more The forelock bolt was a ubiquitous joining technology employed by ancient shipwrights. Its systematic positioning in the Serçe Limanı ship (11th century CE) was the primary joining technology of its keelson-frames-keel assembly. This fact lends itself well to analyzing its engineering-technical properties, which were identical to those of modern bolts. The preload required to apply secure clamping force in the Serçe Limanı keelson-frames-keel backbone assemblage, was analyzed applying the physics of bolt technology. A structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted on the bolt and, under laboratory conditions, was validated on a physical model. It was thus demonstrated that the bolt achieved the conditions needed to securely fasten the Serçe Limanı keel assemblage while serving as a means of efficient structural maintenance.

הקיתעה תעה יהלשב ןוכיתה םיה חרזמב רחסמ יביתנ

Yavne and Its Secrets / יבנה וצפונותיה, Oct 19, 2022

Sailing to the Holy Land: crusader ships, seamanship, logistics and landing operations

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Apr 15, 2021

Measuring potential coastal sailing mobility with the loose-footed square sail

Journal of Archaeological Science, Dec 1, 2021

Measures of potential sailing mobility are essential for understanding the functioning of ancient... more Measures of potential sailing mobility are essential for understanding the functioning of ancient maritime links. This requires measuring potential sailing mobility of coastal sailing runs, as well as direct passages in the open sea. Quantitative works attempting to measure potential sailing mobility have shortcomings related to the use of averaged wind data, thereby losing knowledge of wind variability; non-inclusion of the human factors impacting mobility; and not using methods of measuring coastal sailing. The method presented here was developed to measure potential sailing mobility of coastal sailing runs, based on using the patterns of hourly wind direction and speed variability – and specifically the coastal breeze cycle. Wind variability is extracted from a large dataset of data at high spatiotemporal resolution, employing millions of simulations which enable developing meaningful information from big data. This method has demonstrated its applicability to measuring coastal sailing mobility in several developmental case studies in the eastern Mediterranean, introducing realistic measures of mobility that include coefficients of mobility and of time spent waiting for favourable winds. Complementing a previously developed method to measure potential sailing mobility on direct open-sea passages, this new method can now provide a comprehensive toolkit for mapping potential sailing mobility. Such mapping is a valuable input to research on maritime networks and maritime-related developments.

A journey into the microstructure: Using a multifocal 3D digital light microscope to study archaeological artefacts retrieved from shipwrecks

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Mar 1, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

A method of conserving ancient iron artefacts retrieved from shipwrecks using a combination of silane self-assembled monolayers and wax coating

Corrosion Science, Jul 1, 2017

Iron artefacts corrode severely in a marine environment, and require further conservation after r... more Iron artefacts corrode severely in a marine environment, and require further conservation after retrieval. This research proposes a novel conservation method, based on a bi-layered concept: a thin silane self-assembled monolayer serving as nano-scale barrier, covered by a thicker waxlayer, which is applied by dipping the object into a suitable solution. An accelerated corrosion test was performed, using modern cast iron and steel samples, and repeated on archaeological wrought iron artefacts retrieved from shipwrecks. This protection, which can be easily applied, was found to improve the corrosion resistance of the artefacts.

Windward Sailing in Antiquity: The Elephant in the Room

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Apr 26, 2023

The study of windward sailing in antiquity is subject to discord, misunderstandings and misinterp... more The study of windward sailing in antiquity is subject to discord, misunderstandings and misinterpretations. This paper attempts to broaden the understanding of windward sailing by revisiting the theoretical basis of windward sailing, performing a critical review of previous works, reconstructing historic passages with new methods to re-evaluate them being considered as unfavourable wind passages, and considering the ancient mariner&#39;s limits of windward sailing. It is suggested that ancient ships had less windward capability than commonly perceived, and that the limits of the ancient mariners were more restrictive than ships&#39; technological windward capabilities, highlighting the necessity to consider practical windward capabilities.

Metallurgical analysis of a bronze powder chamber retrieved from an underwater excavation in Akko (Israel): an application of novel minimally destructive field multi-focal metallography

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Jun 18, 2022

Mappings of Potential Sailing Mobility in the Mediterranean During Antiquity

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Jun 18, 2022

A comprehensive mapping of potential sailing mobility was performed for the east- ern and central... more A comprehensive mapping of potential sailing mobility was performed for the east- ern and central Mediterranean basins. The mapping is based on newly developed methods for measuring potential sailing mobility of merchant ships with a loose- footed square sail in antiquity, both for direct passages and for coastal sailing. The metrics of the measured direct and coastal sailing passages generate new measures of potential sailing mobility that provide new insights into the functioning of mari- time links. The study also applies the measurements to several case studies in histor- ical context including mapping of potential sailing mobility for the grain shipments from Egypt to Rome and the potential sailing mobility of Phoenician maritime links between the Levant and colonies to the west. The mappings reveal the bottlenecks for westward sailing from the Levant in the summer months. The mappings also highlight the bi-directional sailing links that could be maintained throughout the summer season despite the prevailing Etesian winds. The mappings contribute to deeper understanding of seafaring options and challenges during Antiquity

Metallurgical characterization of brass sheet from the 19th-century Akko Tower Wreck (Israel)

Materials Characterization, Sep 1, 2017

The Akko Tower Wreck is the remains of a 25-m-long merchant brig, dated to the first half of the ... more The Akko Tower Wreck is the remains of a 25-m-long merchant brig, dated to the first half of the 19th century. A well preserved piece of brass sheathing was found in the shipwreck, retrieved and examined by non-destructive and destructive metallurgical methods, including visual testing, XRF, OES, light microscopy, SEM-EDS examination, microindentation hardness measurements and lead isotope analysis. The results demonstrate that the sheet is made of -brass, containing about 34 wt% Zn. Its thickness (average 0.85 mm) and microstructure indicate that it was produced as rolled sheet, annealed during its manufacturing process. Its composition and manufacturing process indicate that it was produced during the first half of the 19th century, thus supporting the dating of the ship. The lead isotope analysis suggests that the raw material most probably originated in Great Britain, similarly to brass nails retrieved from the ship. This is an example of the exploitation of the corrosion resistance of -brass sheet for use as sheathing to protect a ship against Teredo navalis and to improve its sailing qualities by its anti-fouling properties.

What You Clean Is What You Get: A Novel Chemical Cleaning Technique and the Interpretation of Corrosion Products Found in Late Roman Copper Alloy Coins Retrieved from the Sea

Heritage

Thirteen Late Roman copper alloy coins with a dark concretion layer from the Early Islamic period... more Thirteen Late Roman copper alloy coins with a dark concretion layer from the Early Islamic period Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck were chosen to undergo an experimental chemical cleaning and polishing procedure for removing the concretion while limiting the damage to the surviving metal. These coins, and two more without concretion discovered on the beach nearby, were then subjected to a series of non-destructive analyses–visual testing, XRF, multi-focal light microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy–to determine their state of preservation, identify their corrosion products, and acquire information regarding their core material. An additional coin was examined by destructive metallographic light microscopy and SEM-EDS analyses to gain further information concerning the concretion cover. Preservation varied: For some chemically cleaned coins, a shiny orange-coloured metallic surface was exposed, while others were poorly preserved. Moreover, evidence of the stamping process was also observed. ...

Ancient DNA from a lost Negev Highlands desert grape reveals a Late Antiquity wine lineage

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Apr 17, 2023

Recent excavations of Late Antiquity settlements in the Negev Highlands of southern Israel uncove... more Recent excavations of Late Antiquity settlements in the Negev Highlands of southern Israel uncovered a society that established commercial-scale viticulture in an arid environment [D. Fuks et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 19780-19791 (2020)]. We applied target-enriched genome-wide sequencing and radiocarbon dating to examine grapevine pips that were excavated at three of these sites. Our analyses revealed centuries long and continuous grape cultivation in the Southern Levant. The genetically diverse pips also provided clues to ancient cultivation strategies aimed at improving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. Applying genomic prediction analysis, a pip dated to the eighth century CE was determined to likely be from a white grape, to date the oldest to be identified. In a kinship analysis, another pip was found to be descendant from a modern Greek cultivar and was thus linked with several popular historic wines that were once traded across the Byzantine Empire. These findings shed light on historical Byzantine trading networks and on the genetic contribution of Levantine varieties to the classic Aegean landscape.

First Evidence of Trade in Galilean Salted Fish on the Carmel Coast in the Early Islamic Period

European Journal of Archaeology

The production and maritime trade of salted-fish products are well documented in the western Medi... more The production and maritime trade of salted-fish products are well documented in the western Mediterranean during the Classical and Roman periods. Ichthyological remains found within amphorae in shipwrecks and other archaeological contexts provide evidence for long-distance exchange based on the biogeographical distributions of fish species. The Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck (mid-seventh to mid-eighth century ad) found on the Carmel coast of Israel held three Late Roman amphorae which contained the remains of small fish. The identified species suggest a previously unknown fish-salting operation at the Sea of Galilee during the early Islamic period. The evidence also points to a distribution or trade centre for salted fish at Caesarea-Maritima after the transition to Islamic rule in the eastern Mediterranean. The results of this study demonstrate the value of archaeozoological methods applied to maritime archaeological contexts, attesting to production and trade activities that left fe...

Stowaways: Maritime Ecology of the Oldest Commensal Ship Rats (Rattus Rattus) Found on a Mediterranean Shipwreck

SSRN Electronic Journal

The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck: a summary of four excavation seasons

Archaeonautica

The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck was discovered off the Mediterranean coast of Israel in 2005. The... more The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck was discovered off the Mediterranean coast of Israel in 2005. The hull remains are in a good state of preservation, comprising the endposts, aprons, framing timbers, hull planks, stringers, mast step assembly and bulkheads. The most significant finds are the ceramic shards and the complete amphorae. Other finds include bricks, rigging elements, wooden artefacts, coins, organic finds and animal bones. The ship was dated to the 7 th-8 th centuries AD-a good reason to excavate it in order to evaluate its significance in the period of transition in ship construction from shell-first to frame-first.

Mappings of Potential Sailing Mobility in the Mediterranean During Antiquity

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory

A comprehensive mapping of potential sailing mobility was performed for the east- ern and central... more A comprehensive mapping of potential sailing mobility was performed for the east- ern and central Mediterranean basins. The mapping is based on newly developed methods for measuring potential sailing mobility of merchant ships with a loose- footed square sail in antiquity, both for direct passages and for coastal sailing. The metrics of the measured direct and coastal sailing passages generate new measures of potential sailing mobility that provide new insights into the functioning of mari- time links. The study also applies the measurements to several case studies in histor- ical context including mapping of potential sailing mobility for the grain shipments from Egypt to Rome and the potential sailing mobility of Phoenician maritime links between the Levant and colonies to the west. The mappings reveal the bottlenecks for westward sailing from the Levant in the summer months. The mappings also highlight the bi-directional sailing links that could be maintained throughout the summer season despite the prevailing Etesian winds. The mappings contribute to deeper understanding of seafaring options and challenges during Antiquity

Under the Mediterranean I: Studies in Maritime Archaeology

Palestine Exploration Quarterly

Pour une histoire de l’archéologie navale. Les bateaux et l’histoire, Éric Rieth, Éditions Classiques Garnier, Paris, 2019, 431p

e-Phaïstos, 2020

Deborah Cvikel est docteur, chargée de recherches à l'Institut Leon Recanati d'études maritimes, ... more

The Akko 1 shipwreck (Israel)

Ships And Maritime Landscapes

Acoustic Detection and Mapping of Submerged Stone Age Sites with Knapped Flint

Handbook of Cultural Heritage Analysis, 2022

This chapter presents a non-destructive survey technique under development: acoustic detection an... more This chapter presents a non-destructive survey technique under development: acoustic detection and mapping of submerged Stone Age sites. While it has been experimentally established that reasonable amounts of man-knapped ﬂint pieces can be excited by and respond to speciﬁc acoustic signal through meters of sea ﬂoor sediment, it is not yet known how small assemblages of knapped ﬂint pieces one can obtain a response from and how deep in the sea ﬂoor this will be possible. It also remains to check experimentally if other knapped materials than ﬂint (obsidian, quartzite, basalt, etc.) respond in a similar way given that some of their basic characteristics potentially differ from those registered for ﬂint. This technique will facilitate a much more effective and cheap detection and mapping of submerged Stone Age sites with knapped lithics compared to the techniques available at present. Especially the deep sites down to the approximately 120 m deep coastlines of the glaciations, which are very difﬁcult to localize today, represent an important research potential. In general, the highly productive coast lines must be assumed to have played an important economic role of human society from the Palaeolithic onwards, which means that we miss an important part of the picture of the human cultural development. In spite of the promising perspective of methodological improvement, one must be aware of the limitations of the acoustic method. It will not be able to map Stone Age sites lacking knapped lithics. This chapter presents and discusses the method’s basic technological principles and the experimental results obtained so far, elucidating its potential.

Unlocking the Serçe Limanı Forelock Bolt: An Archaeological–Mechanical Analysis of the Ubiquitous Maritime Fastener of Ancient Watercraft

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Nov 13, 2023

The forelock bolt was a ubiquitous joining technology employed by ancient shipwrights. Its system... more The forelock bolt was a ubiquitous joining technology employed by ancient shipwrights. Its systematic positioning in the Serçe Limanı ship (11th century CE) was the primary joining technology of its keelson-frames-keel assembly. This fact lends itself well to analyzing its engineering-technical properties, which were identical to those of modern bolts. The preload required to apply secure clamping force in the Serçe Limanı keelson-frames-keel backbone assemblage, was analyzed applying the physics of bolt technology. A structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted on the bolt and, under laboratory conditions, was validated on a physical model. It was thus demonstrated that the bolt achieved the conditions needed to securely fasten the Serçe Limanı keel assemblage while serving as a means of efficient structural maintenance.

הקיתעה תעה יהלשב ןוכיתה םיה חרזמב רחסמ יביתנ

Yavne and Its Secrets / יבנה וצפונותיה, Oct 19, 2022

Sailing to the Holy Land: crusader ships, seamanship, logistics and landing operations

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Apr 15, 2021

Measuring potential coastal sailing mobility with the loose-footed square sail

Journal of Archaeological Science, Dec 1, 2021

Measures of potential sailing mobility are essential for understanding the functioning of ancient... more Measures of potential sailing mobility are essential for understanding the functioning of ancient maritime links. This requires measuring potential sailing mobility of coastal sailing runs, as well as direct passages in the open sea. Quantitative works attempting to measure potential sailing mobility have shortcomings related to the use of averaged wind data, thereby losing knowledge of wind variability; non-inclusion of the human factors impacting mobility; and not using methods of measuring coastal sailing. The method presented here was developed to measure potential sailing mobility of coastal sailing runs, based on using the patterns of hourly wind direction and speed variability – and specifically the coastal breeze cycle. Wind variability is extracted from a large dataset of data at high spatiotemporal resolution, employing millions of simulations which enable developing meaningful information from big data. This method has demonstrated its applicability to measuring coastal sailing mobility in several developmental case studies in the eastern Mediterranean, introducing realistic measures of mobility that include coefficients of mobility and of time spent waiting for favourable winds. Complementing a previously developed method to measure potential sailing mobility on direct open-sea passages, this new method can now provide a comprehensive toolkit for mapping potential sailing mobility. Such mapping is a valuable input to research on maritime networks and maritime-related developments.

A journey into the microstructure: Using a multifocal 3D digital light microscope to study archaeological artefacts retrieved from shipwrecks

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Mar 1, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

A method of conserving ancient iron artefacts retrieved from shipwrecks using a combination of silane self-assembled monolayers and wax coating

Corrosion Science, Jul 1, 2017

Iron artefacts corrode severely in a marine environment, and require further conservation after r... more Iron artefacts corrode severely in a marine environment, and require further conservation after retrieval. This research proposes a novel conservation method, based on a bi-layered concept: a thin silane self-assembled monolayer serving as nano-scale barrier, covered by a thicker waxlayer, which is applied by dipping the object into a suitable solution. An accelerated corrosion test was performed, using modern cast iron and steel samples, and repeated on archaeological wrought iron artefacts retrieved from shipwrecks. This protection, which can be easily applied, was found to improve the corrosion resistance of the artefacts.

Windward Sailing in Antiquity: The Elephant in the Room

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Apr 26, 2023

The study of windward sailing in antiquity is subject to discord, misunderstandings and misinterp... more The study of windward sailing in antiquity is subject to discord, misunderstandings and misinterpretations. This paper attempts to broaden the understanding of windward sailing by revisiting the theoretical basis of windward sailing, performing a critical review of previous works, reconstructing historic passages with new methods to re-evaluate them being considered as unfavourable wind passages, and considering the ancient mariner&#39;s limits of windward sailing. It is suggested that ancient ships had less windward capability than commonly perceived, and that the limits of the ancient mariners were more restrictive than ships&#39; technological windward capabilities, highlighting the necessity to consider practical windward capabilities.

Metallurgical analysis of a bronze powder chamber retrieved from an underwater excavation in Akko (Israel): an application of novel minimally destructive field multi-focal metallography

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Jun 18, 2022

Mappings of Potential Sailing Mobility in the Mediterranean During Antiquity

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Jun 18, 2022

A comprehensive mapping of potential sailing mobility was performed for the east- ern and central... more A comprehensive mapping of potential sailing mobility was performed for the east- ern and central Mediterranean basins. The mapping is based on newly developed methods for measuring potential sailing mobility of merchant ships with a loose- footed square sail in antiquity, both for direct passages and for coastal sailing. The metrics of the measured direct and coastal sailing passages generate new measures of potential sailing mobility that provide new insights into the functioning of mari- time links. The study also applies the measurements to several case studies in histor- ical context including mapping of potential sailing mobility for the grain shipments from Egypt to Rome and the potential sailing mobility of Phoenician maritime links between the Levant and colonies to the west. The mappings reveal the bottlenecks for westward sailing from the Levant in the summer months. The mappings also highlight the bi-directional sailing links that could be maintained throughout the summer season despite the prevailing Etesian winds. The mappings contribute to deeper understanding of seafaring options and challenges during Antiquity

Metallurgical characterization of brass sheet from the 19th-century Akko Tower Wreck (Israel)

Materials Characterization, Sep 1, 2017

The Akko Tower Wreck is the remains of a 25-m-long merchant brig, dated to the first half of the ... more The Akko Tower Wreck is the remains of a 25-m-long merchant brig, dated to the first half of the 19th century. A well preserved piece of brass sheathing was found in the shipwreck, retrieved and examined by non-destructive and destructive metallurgical methods, including visual testing, XRF, OES, light microscopy, SEM-EDS examination, microindentation hardness measurements and lead isotope analysis. The results demonstrate that the sheet is made of -brass, containing about 34 wt% Zn. Its thickness (average 0.85 mm) and microstructure indicate that it was produced as rolled sheet, annealed during its manufacturing process. Its composition and manufacturing process indicate that it was produced during the first half of the 19th century, thus supporting the dating of the ship. The lead isotope analysis suggests that the raw material most probably originated in Great Britain, similarly to brass nails retrieved from the ship. This is an example of the exploitation of the corrosion resistance of -brass sheet for use as sheathing to protect a ship against Teredo navalis and to improve its sailing qualities by its anti-fouling properties.

What You Clean Is What You Get: A Novel Chemical Cleaning Technique and the Interpretation of Corrosion Products Found in Late Roman Copper Alloy Coins Retrieved from the Sea

Heritage

Thirteen Late Roman copper alloy coins with a dark concretion layer from the Early Islamic period... more Thirteen Late Roman copper alloy coins with a dark concretion layer from the Early Islamic period Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck were chosen to undergo an experimental chemical cleaning and polishing procedure for removing the concretion while limiting the damage to the surviving metal. These coins, and two more without concretion discovered on the beach nearby, were then subjected to a series of non-destructive analyses–visual testing, XRF, multi-focal light microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy–to determine their state of preservation, identify their corrosion products, and acquire information regarding their core material. An additional coin was examined by destructive metallographic light microscopy and SEM-EDS analyses to gain further information concerning the concretion cover. Preservation varied: For some chemically cleaned coins, a shiny orange-coloured metallic surface was exposed, while others were poorly preserved. Moreover, evidence of the stamping process was also observed. ...

Ancient DNA from a lost Negev Highlands desert grape reveals a Late Antiquity wine lineage

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Apr 17, 2023

Recent excavations of Late Antiquity settlements in the Negev Highlands of southern Israel uncove... more Recent excavations of Late Antiquity settlements in the Negev Highlands of southern Israel uncovered a society that established commercial-scale viticulture in an arid environment [D. Fuks et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 19780-19791 (2020)]. We applied target-enriched genome-wide sequencing and radiocarbon dating to examine grapevine pips that were excavated at three of these sites. Our analyses revealed centuries long and continuous grape cultivation in the Southern Levant. The genetically diverse pips also provided clues to ancient cultivation strategies aimed at improving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. Applying genomic prediction analysis, a pip dated to the eighth century CE was determined to likely be from a white grape, to date the oldest to be identified. In a kinship analysis, another pip was found to be descendant from a modern Greek cultivar and was thus linked with several popular historic wines that were once traded across the Byzantine Empire. These findings shed light on historical Byzantine trading networks and on the genetic contribution of Levantine varieties to the classic Aegean landscape.

First Evidence of Trade in Galilean Salted Fish on the Carmel Coast in the Early Islamic Period

European Journal of Archaeology

The production and maritime trade of salted-fish products are well documented in the western Medi... more The production and maritime trade of salted-fish products are well documented in the western Mediterranean during the Classical and Roman periods. Ichthyological remains found within amphorae in shipwrecks and other archaeological contexts provide evidence for long-distance exchange based on the biogeographical distributions of fish species. The Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck (mid-seventh to mid-eighth century ad) found on the Carmel coast of Israel held three Late Roman amphorae which contained the remains of small fish. The identified species suggest a previously unknown fish-salting operation at the Sea of Galilee during the early Islamic period. The evidence also points to a distribution or trade centre for salted fish at Caesarea-Maritima after the transition to Islamic rule in the eastern Mediterranean. The results of this study demonstrate the value of archaeozoological methods applied to maritime archaeological contexts, attesting to production and trade activities that left fe...

Stowaways: Maritime Ecology of the Oldest Commensal Ship Rats (Rattus Rattus) Found on a Mediterranean Shipwreck

SSRN Electronic Journal

The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck: a summary of four excavation seasons

Archaeonautica

The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck was discovered off the Mediterranean coast of Israel in 2005. The... more The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck was discovered off the Mediterranean coast of Israel in 2005. The hull remains are in a good state of preservation, comprising the endposts, aprons, framing timbers, hull planks, stringers, mast step assembly and bulkheads. The most significant finds are the ceramic shards and the complete amphorae. Other finds include bricks, rigging elements, wooden artefacts, coins, organic finds and animal bones. The ship was dated to the 7 th-8 th centuries AD-a good reason to excavate it in order to evaluate its significance in the period of transition in ship construction from shell-first to frame-first.

Mappings of Potential Sailing Mobility in the Mediterranean During Antiquity

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory

A comprehensive mapping of potential sailing mobility was performed for the east- ern and central... more A comprehensive mapping of potential sailing mobility was performed for the east- ern and central Mediterranean basins. The mapping is based on newly developed methods for measuring potential sailing mobility of merchant ships with a loose- footed square sail in antiquity, both for direct passages and for coastal sailing. The metrics of the measured direct and coastal sailing passages generate new measures of potential sailing mobility that provide new insights into the functioning of mari- time links. The study also applies the measurements to several case studies in histor- ical context including mapping of potential sailing mobility for the grain shipments from Egypt to Rome and the potential sailing mobility of Phoenician maritime links between the Levant and colonies to the west. The mappings reveal the bottlenecks for westward sailing from the Levant in the summer months. The mappings also highlight the bi-directional sailing links that could be maintained throughout the summer season despite the prevailing Etesian winds. The mappings contribute to deeper understanding of seafaring options and challenges during Antiquity

Under the Mediterranean I: Studies in Maritime Archaeology

Palestine Exploration Quarterly

Pour une histoire de l’archéologie navale. Les bateaux et l’histoire, Éric Rieth, Éditions Classiques Garnier, Paris, 2019, 431p

e-Phaïstos, 2020

Deborah Cvikel est docteur, chargée de recherches à l'Institut Leon Recanati d'études maritimes, ... more

The Akko 1 shipwreck (Israel)

Ships And Maritime Landscapes

Acoustic Detection and Mapping of Submerged Stone Age Sites with Knapped Flint

Handbook of Cultural Heritage Analysis, 2022

This chapter presents a non-destructive survey technique under development: acoustic detection an... more This chapter presents a non-destructive survey technique under development: acoustic detection and mapping of submerged Stone Age sites. While it has been experimentally established that reasonable amounts of man-knapped ﬂint pieces can be excited by and respond to speciﬁc acoustic signal through meters of sea ﬂoor sediment, it is not yet known how small assemblages of knapped ﬂint pieces one can obtain a response from and how deep in the sea ﬂoor this will be possible. It also remains to check experimentally if other knapped materials than ﬂint (obsidian, quartzite, basalt, etc.) respond in a similar way given that some of their basic characteristics potentially differ from those registered for ﬂint. This technique will facilitate a much more effective and cheap detection and mapping of submerged Stone Age sites with knapped lithics compared to the techniques available at present. Especially the deep sites down to the approximately 120 m deep coastlines of the glaciations, which are very difﬁcult to localize today, represent an important research potential. In general, the highly productive coast lines must be assumed to have played an important economic role of human society from the Palaeolithic onwards, which means that we miss an important part of the picture of the human cultural development. In spite of the promising perspective of methodological improvement, one must be aware of the limitations of the acoustic method. It will not be able to map Stone Age sites lacking knapped lithics. This chapter presents and discusses the method’s basic technological principles and the experimental results obtained so far, elucidating its potential.

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