Papers by Atal Bihari Das
IJRAR, 2021
This research examines the disparities in higher education across caste categories and between ge... more This research examines the disparities in higher education across caste categories and between genders in Odisha, India, employing secondary data obtained from the All India Survey on Higher Education, Government of India, spanning the years 2009-10 to 2019-20. The study investigates the results by utilising gross enrolment ratio, gender parity index, Sopher’s disparity index, gender equity index, social equality index, and co-efficient of equality index. The findings indicate significant disparities in the domain of higher education in Odisha. Despite a notable increase in female enrollment over the past decade, it is clear that a substantial gender disparity persists among various social groups. The enrolment statistics for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes are significantly lower compared to those for the general castes. The government should implement targeted strategies, such as specialised incentive programs, to enhance the participation of girls, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes in higher education. It is crucial to strengthen assistance for institutions that serve significant numbers of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, individuals with disabilities, and female students through the implementation of focused scholarships and additional programs.
IJCRT, 2019
This research investigates the challenges on education of scheduled tribes in the undivided Korap... more This research investigates the challenges on education of scheduled tribes in the undivided Koraput, Bolangir and Kalahandi (KBK) districts of Odisha, India. The study utilises secondary data collected from 510 households through a well-designed interview schedule during 2016-17. This study investigates the effects of diverse supply and demand factors that affect the enrolment of tribal children, employing tables, percentages, ratios, and the Probit regression model as analytical tools. The enrolment of children from Scheduled Tribes is notably influenced by a range of supply-side factors, such as the proximity to educational institutions, linguistic barriers, school operating hours, curriculum demands, and inadequate infrastructure. Challenges on the demand side encompass parental poverty, large family size, cost of education, parental illiteracy, and domestic responsibilities. The phenomenon of economic hardship serves as a significant determinant of low enrolment rates, particularly affecting children from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. This demographic, especially females involved in domestic labour, encounters elevated opportunity costs and extended working hours, which further exacerbate their educational challenges. Regression analysis indicates a positive correlation between enrolment and variables such as family economic status and parental education, while the proximity to forested areas has a discernible impact on attendance rates. Enrolment exhibits an inverse relationship with the distance from educational institutions and a positive correlation with the quality of school infrastructure. Thus, parental motivation is considered crucial for reducing dropout rates and enhancing enrolment among ST children. Improving the enrolment ST children requires that educational institutions located in residential areas are sufficiently equipped with essential infrastructure amenities.
This paper examines the growth of elementary education in KBK districts of Odisha with respect to... more This paper examines the growth of elementary education in KBK districts of Odisha with respect to quantitative and qualitative achievements by using secondary data collected from Directorate of Elementary Education and Odisha Primary Education Programme Authority (OPEPA), Bhubaneswar, on various indicators of elementary education like literacy, enrolment, teachers, outcome, etc. The analysis of the study concentrates on elementary education, comprising of both primary (Class I-V) and upper primary (Class VI-VII) level of education, of 6-14 years age group children in the state Odisha. The findings clearly show that KBK districts are lagging behind in achieving universal elementary education. The region is placed miserably in the state. The paper concludes that there is need for reviewing the efficacy of existing programmes from the point of view of quantity and quality. The government should take special measures to open more schools in remote areas, appointment of more female and ST teachers, provision of special incentive scheme for girls and providing infrastructure facilities to all primary and upper primary schools with a monitoring mechanism thorough Panchayati Raj Institutions and local community for ensuring quality education for all.
IOSR journal of humanities and social science, 2013
This paper examines the impact of education on income inequality by gender, caste, region and occ... more This paper examines the impact of education on income inequality by gender, caste, region and occupation using primary data collected from sample households form two selected districts of Odisha by using the earnings function of Mincerian type (1962). The findings clearly show that there are income differences by gender, caste, occupation and region. Women, self employees, SC/STs and people in rural area earn less than their counterparts male, wage employees, upper caste people and people in urban area respectively. The return to education is higher for women, wage employees, SC/STs and people in rural area. The differences in return to education between gender, across caste and across region decline at higher levels of education in both the occupations. The differences in return to education across gender and region are very less for wage employees than in case of self employees. The paper concludes that education is one of the strong instruments for reducing the inequality in income in Odisha. In this backdrop our findings suggest that more educational opportunities to be provided in rural areas, special efforts to be taken to increase level of education of women and lower caste people. Further, Government should provide employment opportunities in rural areas to enhance work participation rate.
TIJ's Research Journal of Social Science & Management - RJSSM, Mar 31, 2013
This paper examines the status of elementary education in Odisha with respect to quantitative and... more This paper examines the status of elementary education in Odisha with respect to quantitative and qualitative achievements by using secondary data collected from District Information System for Education (DISE). The study analyses the results using various indicators of education relating to enrolment, schools, teachers, infrastructure, outcome, educational development index, etc. The findings clearly show that Odisha failed to achieve universal elementary education in a time bound manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India. The state also placed miserably among the Indian states and union territories as far as educational development index is concerned. The paper concludes that there is need for reviewing the efficacy of existing programmes from the point of view of quantity and quality. The government should take special measures to open more schools in remote areas, appointment of more female and ST teachers, provision of special incentive scheme for girls and providing infrastructure facilities to all primary and upper primary schools with a monitoring mechanism thorough Panchayati Raj Institutions and local community for ensuring quality education for all.
Tij S Research Journal of Economics Business Studies Rjebs, Apr 30, 2012
This paper examines the determinants of female literacy of Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Odisha, whic... more This paper examines the determinants of female literacy of Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Odisha, which is one of the tribal dominated states of India. Based on secondary data the determinants of literacy are explored for ST females. The study analyses the results using Sophers' disparity index and multivariate regression model. The findings clearly indicate that literacy rate is positively related to male literacy of STs, per cent of ST teachers, per cent of female teachers and per cent of schools within habitations, and negatively related to per cent of schools without teachers, per cent of ST population, wage rate, dependency rate, female work participation Rate and poverty. Interestingly, a negative association emerges between women's work participation and female literacy. The findings in the paper suggest that the government needs to initiate special efforts to increase the participation of ST females in education like provision of incentive schemes for girls, appointment of teachers in schools having without teachers, opening of schools in each habitations in the remote rural and tribal areas of Odisha.
Tij S Research Journal of Social Science Management Rjssm, Mar 31, 2013
This paper examines the status of elementary education in Odisha with respect to quantitative and... more This paper examines the status of elementary education in Odisha with respect to quantitative and qualitative achievements by using secondary data collected from District Information System for Education (DISE). The study analyses the results using various indicators of education relating to enrolment, schools, teachers, infrastructure, outcome, educational development index, etc. The findings clearly show that Odisha failed to achieve universal elementary education in a time bound manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India. The state also placed miserably among the Indian states and union territories as far as educational development index is concerned. The paper concludes that there is need for reviewing the efficacy of existing programmes from the point of view of quantity and quality. The government should take special measures to open more schools in remote areas, appointment of more female and ST teachers, provision of special incentive scheme for girls and providing infrastructure facilities to all primary and upper primary schools with a monitoring mechanism thorough Panchayati Raj Institutions and local community for ensuring quality education for all.
International Journal of Education Economics and Development, 2012
This paper examines the effects of farmers' education on agricultural productivity by using prima... more This paper examines the effects of farmers' education on agricultural productivity by using primary data collected from a household survey conducted in 2009-10 in 12 villages in KBK districts of Odisha. The study analyses the results employing Cobb-Douglas production function. The findings clearly indicate that the relationship between level of farmers' education and level of productivity is positive, continuous and significant. A similar result is also seen between level of education and other agricultural inputs. Across caste categories, the study reveals that variation in productivity increases with increase in level of education. However, the variation is more for STs than non-STs indicating that the influence of education is more pronounced in case of STs. The findings in the paper suggest that assuming the importance of education in rural development which is reflected through agricultural development, investment in education, its planning, expansion, location and delivery need to be purposefully integrated in rural areas with its thrust for raising agricultural productivity. For achieving this end, there is a strong case to be made for government and NGO intervention to encourage higher levels of investment in education in tribal dominated KBK districts of Odisha.
ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of education on labour market discrimination against gend... more ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of education on labour market discrimination against gender by using primary data collected from sample households in the KBK districts of Orissa. Using Mincerian earning fuction, the paper attempts to evaluate the effects of education on earnings. The findings clearly shows that:(i)the labour market in the KBK district is distinctly discriminatory against women in both the organised and unorganised sectors; (ii)higher levels of education enable women to get higher earnings, thereby reducing the inequality in the earnings between men and women; (iii)the economic returns to education for women are higher than for men at each level of education and the gap in returns to education between gender declines with increase in education. The paper concludes that education emerges as one of the influential factors for reducing the labour market discrimination against women in KBK districts. In this backdrop, the findings in the paper suggest that the government needs to initiate special efforts to increase not only the level of education of women but also their participation in the labour market.
International Journal of Scientific Research, 2012
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2013
This paper examines the impact of education on income inequality by gender, caste, region and occ... more This paper examines the impact of education on income inequality by gender, caste, region and occupation using primary data collected from sample households form two selected districts of Odisha by using the earnings function of Mincerian type (1962). The findings clearly show that there are income differences by gender, caste, occupation and region. Women, self employees, SC/STs and people in rural area earn less than their counterparts male, wage employees, upper caste people and people in urban area respectively. The return to education is higher for women, wage employees, SC/STs and people in rural area. The differences in return to education between gender, across caste and across region decline at higher levels of education in both the occupations. The differences in return to education across gender and region are very less for wage employees than in case of self employees. The paper concludes that education is one of the strong instruments for reducing the inequality in income in Odisha. In this backdrop our findings suggest that more educational opportunities to be provided in rural areas, special efforts to be taken to increase level of education of women and lower caste people. Further, Government should provide employment opportunities in rural areas to enhance work participation rate.
This paper examines regional disparities in education in Odisha with special reference to KBK and... more This paper examines regional disparities in education in Odisha with special reference to KBK and non-KBK districts by using secondary data collected from various sources. The study analyses the results using (i) coefficient of variation (ii) Sopher's disparity index, (iii) coefficient of equality, (iv) gender parity index, etc. The findings clearly show that: (i) there exists regional disparities in education between KBK and non-KBK regions in literacy and enrolment irrespective of gender and social groups. The paper concludes that there are demand side constraints of education in KBK districts. Hence, the findings in the paper suggest that in order to enhance enrolment in the KBK region parental motivation is very significant. Further, government has to take special measures like opening of more schools in remote areas, appointment of more female and ST teachers, provision of special incentive scheme for girls etc.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012
The disequilibrium in the Indian economy as reflected by the growing deficits of the Central gove... more The disequilibrium in the Indian economy as reflected by the growing deficits of the Central government of India both on the internal as well as external fronts have been the cause for concern over the last couple of decades. Such an unwarranted trend not only poses a challenge to the policy makers but also most importantly destabilizes the economy internally as well as externally. Thus, if India's objective is to achieve higher sable growth (which it is already achieving), the issue of both the government deficits and trade deficits must be addressed considerably and appropriate policy decisions need to be undertaken before it goes out of hand. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Keynesian and the Ricardian views regarding the impact of GFD (as a measure of budget deficit) on the TD (or current account deficit) for India from 1971 to 2010. In order to examine the relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit in India, this study used the ARDL model and a new co-integration test called the bounds test to estimate the long-run dynamics between budget deficit and current account deficit. The empirical results support the Keynesian view that there is a strong linkage between budget deficit and the current account deficit in the case of India during the study period. It also shows that the direction of causality is unidirectional running from budget deficit to current account deficit. Thus, a higher budget deficit leads to a higher current account deficit. Therefore, the empirical results in this study suggest that any policy measures to reduce the budget deficit could assist in reducing the current account deficit in India.
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Papers by Atal Bihari Das