Papers by Constance Arzigian
This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic co... more This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. __X_ New Submission ____ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Woodland Tradition in Minnesota B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.)
The Annals of Iowa
Review of: Indigenous Life around the Great Lakes: War, Climate, and Culture, by Richard W. Edwar... more Review of: Indigenous Life around the Great Lakes: War, Climate, and Culture, by Richard W. Edwards, IV.
Report/Office of the State Archaeologist (USA …, 1994
... and a post-contact perspective / David L. Asch -- Evidence of plant domestication from Kentuc... more ... and a post-contact perspective / David L. Asch -- Evidence of plant domestication from Kentucky caves and rockshelters / Kristen J. Gremillion -- In ... on late prehistoric agriculture intensification in the upper Mississippi River Valley / James P. Gallagher and Constance M. Arzigian. ...
This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic co... more This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. __X_ New Submission ____ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Woodland Tradition in Minnesota B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.)
MCJA. Midcontinental journal of archaeology, 2000
Wild rice is traditionally viewed as a staple of subsistence strategies from the Late Woodland pe... more Wild rice is traditionally viewed as a staple of subsistence strategies from the Late Woodland period to the present in northern Wisconsin and northern Minnesota, but cultures elsewhere in Wisconsin also exploited the grain. Horticultural Millville phase Middle Woodland cultures at Prairie du Chien and agricultural Oneota populations at La Crosse both harvested wild rice as part of a mixed economy. The evidence and contexts for this intermittent exploitation of wild rice in southwestern Wisconsin are presented.
Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2015
The original version of the above article published in Vol. 40, No. 1 has been corrected, as some... more The original version of the above article published in Vol. 40, No. 1 has been corrected, as some of the author names were missing from the article header.
The Oneota were a prehistoric agricultural people who occupied the La Crosse area from A.D. 1300-... more The Oneota were a prehistoric agricultural people who occupied the La Crosse area from A.D. 1300-1625. Unlike the major summer Oneota villages that have been excavated, the Swennes Upper Garden site (47Lc333) is located in an interior valley instead of on a terrace of the Mississippi River. Four seasons of excavations at the site have identified 29 features and provide a sample for analysis. This paper examines two specific research problems: the seasonality during which the site was occupied, and the specific phase(s) of occupation. Analysis of a sample of the plant and animal remains are used to evaluate what season(s) the site was occupied. Diagnostic decorated pottery is used to identify specific phase(s) in the Oneota culture and suggest if the site was from a single or multiple occupations. Two radiocarbon dates have been acquired from two different features to give the site specific dates. Due to the unique location of the Swennes Upper Garden site, this paper gives us an opp...
Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2000
Wild rice is traditionally viewed as a staple of subsistence strategies from the Late Woodland pe... more Wild rice is traditionally viewed as a staple of subsistence strategies from the Late Woodland period to the present in northern Wisconsin and northern Minnesota. but cultures elsewhere in Wisconsin also exploited the grain. Horticultural Millville phase Middle Woodland cultures at Prairie du Chien and agricultural Oneota populations at La Crosse both harvested wild rice as part of a mixed economy. The evidence and contexts for this intermittent exploitation of wild rice in southwestern Wisconsin are presented.
Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2000
Test excavations at the Robinson site, a large multicomponent village and mound complex in the up... more Test excavations at the Robinson site, a large multicomponent village and mound complex in the upper Wisconsin River drainage, identified a Late Woodland Lakes phase midden and four features. An uncalibrated eighth-century A.D. radiocarbon date was obtained on charcoal from a feature that contained carbonized wild rice. This find is consistent with the previously postulated expansion of wild rice collecting during the early Lakes phase. Additional pit features containing wild rice were excavated at two small campsites located nearby. An eleventh-century radiocarbon date is associated with wild rice and maize from the Fishers Island site, and three twelfth-century dates were obtained from the Ghost Shirt Island V site, indicating the continuing importance of wild rice through the late Lakes phase.
Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2000
NEW DATA ON THE LATE WOODLAND USE OF WILD RICE IN NORTHERN WISCONSIN Charles R. Moffat and Consta... more NEW DATA ON THE LATE WOODLAND USE OF WILD RICE IN NORTHERN WISCONSIN Charles R. Moffat and Constance M. Arzigian ABSTRACT Test excavations at the Robinson site, a large multicomponent village and mound complex in the upper Wisconsin River drainage, identified a Late Woodland Lakes phase midden and four features. An uncalibrated eighth-century A.D. radiocarbon date was obtained on charcoal from a feature that contained carbonized wild rice. This find is consistent with the previously postulated expansion of wild rice collecting during the early Lakes phase. Additional pit features containing wild rice were excavated at two small campsites located nearby. An eleventh-century radiocarbon date is associated with wild rice and maize from the Fishers Island site, and three twelfth-century dates were obtained from the Ghost Shirt Island V site, indicating the continuing importance of wild rice through the late Lakes phase.
Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2000
Test excavations at the Robinson site, a large multicomponent village and mound complex in the up... more Test excavations at the Robinson site, a large multicomponent village and mound complex in the upper Wisconsin River drainage, identified a Late Woodland Lakes phase midden and four features. An uncalibrated eighth-century A.D. radiocarbon date was obtained on charcoal from a feature that contained carbonized wild rice. This find is consistent with the previously postulated expansion of wild rice collecting during the early Lakes phase. Additional pit features containing wild rice were excavated at two small campsites located nearby. An eleventh-century radiocarbon date is associated with wild rice and maize from the Fishers Island site, and three twelfth-century dates were obtained from the Ghost Shirt Island V site, indicating the continuing importance of wild rice through the late Lakes phase.
Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology Vol 25, No. 2, 2000
Wild rice is traditionally viewed as a staple of subsistence strategies from the Late Woodland pe... more Wild rice is traditionally viewed as a staple of subsistence strategies from the Late Woodland period to the present in northern Wisconsin and northern Minnesota. but cultures elsewhere in Wisconsin also exploited the grain. Horticultural Millville phase Middle Woodland cultures at Prairie du Chien and agricultural Oneota populations at La Crosse both harvested wild rice as part of a mixed economy. The evidence and contexts for this intermittent exploitation of wild rice in southwestern Wisconsin are presented.
The Wisconsin Archeologist, 2017
Floral remains recovered from the Mill Coulee site from the four areas excavated in 1983 and 1993... more Floral remains recovered from the Mill Coulee site from the four areas excavated in 1983 and 1993 complement the subsistence, seasonal, and habitat inferences drawn from the faunal remains and other site analyses as presented by Stoltman and Theler in this volume. Though not abundant, the flora from all four areas demonstrate a consistent use of hickory and walnut and periodic use of goosefoot and blackberry/raspberry. American lotus seeds from Area 3 come from the backwaters of the Mississippi River. Cultigens
include fragments of corn from Areas 3 and 4 and squash from Area 3, though the cultural contexts are unclear. All resources could have been harvested during the summer to early fall, but the seeds and nuts could also have been stored resources, and the berries could have been pounded into dried meat as pemmican, and therefore also stored.
The Wisconsin Archeologist, 2015
Between 2001 and 2006, field investigations were conducted in five major locales in the 47VE825 F... more Between 2001 and 2006, field investigations were conducted in five major locales in the 47VE825 Fisher Mounds site complex on the Stoddard terrace, Vernon County, Wisconsin, at the confluence of Coon Creek with the Mississippi River. Work extended from the woods south of a boat ramp to the southern end of the peninsula. A total of 50 units were excavated and 18 features identified. Cultural components include Woodland, Oneota, and proto-Mississippian. A full range of phases documented from southwestern Wisconsin is represented including Early Woodland Indian Isle and Prairie phases; Middle Woodland Trempealeau, Havana, and Millville phases; and Late Woodland Mill and Lewis phases. Oneota ceramics suggest both Pammel Creek phase and a possible early Oneota represented by cordmarked shell-tempered ceramics. A proto-Mississippian occupation related to the late Edelhardt or early Lohmann phase produced six features, a burial, and evidence of ceramics and lithic raw materials imported from the American Bottom.
Intact precontact archaeological deposits were found in all locales, though there was some evidence for localized disturbances in stratigraphic relationships. This site complex has both mounds and habitation areas. Excavations were conducted among the mounds but did not investigate the mounds themselves. Occupation within the vicinity of the mounds was predominantly Early Woodland, with much smaller Middle and Late Woodland occupations. The proto-Mississippian occupation was confined to the North Locale.
Emergent Horticultural Economies of the Eastern Woodlands, edited by William Keegan. Center for Archaeological Investigations Occasional Paper 7, Southern Illinois University, 1987
Floral materials from a series of Woodland tradition sites in southwestern Wisconsin provide new ... more Floral materials from a series of Woodland tradition sites in southwestern Wisconsin provide new information on the emergence of horticultural economies at the northern margin of the deciduous forest and prairie ecozone in the midwestern United States. Data from three sites near the modern town of Prairie du Chien indicate that the practice of horticulture dates back at least to the Middle Woodland period, around 200 A.D. The cultivation of a variety of nonnative and native species of plants, ultimately including corn, gradually supplemented the hunting-gathering-fishing economy practiced by seasonally mobile populations. By •contrast, the Fred Edwards site in Grant County represents a Late Woodland/Middle Mississippian occupation of the Driftless Area. This site is the earliest horticultural village excavated in southwestern Wisconsin. The material recovered indicates that agricultural production had intensified beyond the level seen in Prairie du Chien, as indicated by both the relative abundance and the variety of cultivated species. However, preliminary modeling of the optimal use of natural resources• suggests that adequate wild foods existed in the vicinity of the site and that the use of cultigens was not a simple consequence of food stress.
The Wisconsin Archeologist Vol 70(1&2), 1989
Analysis of the charred non-wood plant remains from the Pammel Creek Oneota site indicates that a... more Analysis of the charred non-wood plant remains from the Pammel Creek Oneota site indicates that a variety of domesticated plants (including corn, beans, squash and tobacco), cultivated starchy plants (little barley and possibly barnyard grass) and wild plants (notably wild rice, a variety of fruits and berries, and some nuts) were utilized. In all of these classes there is a strong emphasis on starchy seeded plants. All seasonal indicators suggest the predominant period of food acquisition at the site was from the spring through the early fall, but many foods may have been stored over the winter. Comparison of the materials recovered from two different field seasons indicates some of the methodological problems that arise when dealing with different methods of field and laboratory sampling and analysis.
Journal of the Iowa Archaeological Society, 1994
Report on an Oneota site in the La Crosse Locality.
Co-authors: Constance Arzigian, Robert F. Bos... more Report on an Oneota site in the La Crosse Locality.
Co-authors: Constance Arzigian, Robert F. Boszhardt, Holly Halverson, and James L. Theler
Science Activities: Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas, 2003
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Papers by Constance Arzigian
include fragments of corn from Areas 3 and 4 and squash from Area 3, though the cultural contexts are unclear. All resources could have been harvested during the summer to early fall, but the seeds and nuts could also have been stored resources, and the berries could have been pounded into dried meat as pemmican, and therefore also stored.
Intact precontact archaeological deposits were found in all locales, though there was some evidence for localized disturbances in stratigraphic relationships. This site complex has both mounds and habitation areas. Excavations were conducted among the mounds but did not investigate the mounds themselves. Occupation within the vicinity of the mounds was predominantly Early Woodland, with much smaller Middle and Late Woodland occupations. The proto-Mississippian occupation was confined to the North Locale.
Co-authors: Constance Arzigian, Robert F. Boszhardt, Holly Halverson, and James L. Theler
include fragments of corn from Areas 3 and 4 and squash from Area 3, though the cultural contexts are unclear. All resources could have been harvested during the summer to early fall, but the seeds and nuts could also have been stored resources, and the berries could have been pounded into dried meat as pemmican, and therefore also stored.
Intact precontact archaeological deposits were found in all locales, though there was some evidence for localized disturbances in stratigraphic relationships. This site complex has both mounds and habitation areas. Excavations were conducted among the mounds but did not investigate the mounds themselves. Occupation within the vicinity of the mounds was predominantly Early Woodland, with much smaller Middle and Late Woodland occupations. The proto-Mississippian occupation was confined to the North Locale.
Co-authors: Constance Arzigian, Robert F. Boszhardt, Holly Halverson, and James L. Theler