Papers by Dr. MUNEER BAIG
Polymers
3D printing has revolutionized various industries by enabling the production of complex designs a... more 3D printing has revolutionized various industries by enabling the production of complex designs and shapes. Recently, the potential of new materials in 3D printing has led to an exponential increase in the technology’s applications. However, despite these advancements, the technology still faces significant challenges, including high costs, low printing speeds, limited part sizes, and strength. This paper critically reviews the recent trends in 3D printing technology, with a particular focus on the materials and their applications in the manufacturing industry. The paper highlights the need for further development of 3D printing technology to overcome its limitations. It also summarizes the research conducted by experts in this field, including their focuses, techniques, and limitations. By providing a comprehensive overview of the recent trends in 3D printing, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the technology’s prospects.
Materials, Apr 20, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Crystals
In recent years, many researchers have focused on the preparation of carbon and basalt fiber-rein... more In recent years, many researchers have focused on the preparation of carbon and basalt fiber-reinforced composites. As a result, the composites have gained popularity as an alternative to traditional materials such as wood, steel, and aluminum. Carbon and basalt fibers were used in a bidirectional woven mat, with particulates varying from 0 to 15 wt% nanoparticle SiC. The hybrid laminates were fabricated through vacuum bag infusion methods. The novelty of the research work lies in studying the influence of nanoparticle SiC-combined carbon and basalt fibers arranged in six stacking sequences, with LY556 used as polyester matrix. Specimens were prepared and tested as per ASTM standards. Tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were performed on the obtained specimens and average values were obtained. It was found that 15% SiC filler addition enhanced (20%) the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscope photos revealed the bonding between the fiber mat and the matrix of t...
Metals
The manufacturing of structures ranging from bridges and machinery to all types of seaborne vehic... more The manufacturing of structures ranging from bridges and machinery to all types of seaborne vehicles to nuclear reactors and space rockets has made considerable use of arc welding technologies. This is as a result of benefits including increased joint efficiency, air and water tightness, no thickness restriction (0.6 to 25 mm), decreased fabrication time and cost, etc. when compared to alternative fabrication methods. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a frequently used welding technology in industries due to its inherent benefits, including deeper penetration, a smooth bead, etc. Local heating and cooling that takes place during the multi-pass welding process causes complicated stresses to develop at the weld zone, which ultimately causes angular distortion in the weldment. Angular distortion is a major flaw that affects the weld’s properties as well as the cracking and misalignment of the welded joints. The issue of angular distortion can be successfully solved by predicting it in re...
The objectives of this work are 1) to predict the yield locus, 2) normal anisotropic ratio (R-val... more The objectives of this work are 1) to predict the yield locus, 2) normal anisotropic ratio (R-value), 3) stress response and 4) Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) of an aluminum alloy sheet, at different strain-rates using an appropriate anisotropic yield criterion and constitutive model. In order to achieve these objectives, a comprehensive study of quasi-static and dynamic responses of two FCC metals is performed to understand the material behaviors at large deformations and over wide ranges of strain-rate (103-10-5s-1) and temperature (223-755K). The two FCC metals include Oxygen Free High Conductivity (OFHC) copper and an aluminum alloy (AA5182), which have applications in the defense and automotive industries, respectively. In the case of AA5182, the material includes the base alloy and welded materials called Tailor Welded Blanks (TWBs). Quasi-static tensile strain-rate jump experiments at room temperature are performed on aluminum alloy (AA5182) sheet. Tensile split-Hopkinson pressu...
Materials
In this work, mechanical properties of reinforced polypropylene composites were studied. PP in pa... more In this work, mechanical properties of reinforced polypropylene composites were studied. PP in particulates shape with two different melt flow indexes (MFI) was used, i.e., 3 and 23 g/10 min, namely PP3 and PP23, respectively. Three different materials, namely TiO2 nanoparticle (nTiO2, spherical, 0D), micro-size short carbon fiber (SCF, fiber, 1D), and graphite nanoplatelet (GNP, sheet, 2D), were used as reinforcements/fillers. PP and fillers (in the desired composition) were first pre-mixed by a mechanical mixer. The mixture was then fed to a co-rotating twin-screw extruder for melt-compounding, followed by injection molding to fabricate testing samples. The microstructure and fracture surface of the composites were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were conducted to evaluate their mechanical properties. The SEM images stipulate that PP23 had better adhesion and dispersion with the fillers. The results from...
PLOS ONE
The purpose of this study is to explore two concepts: first, the use of artificial neural network... more The purpose of this study is to explore two concepts: first, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to forecast the base pressure (β) and wall pressure (ω) originating from a suddenly expanded flow field at subsonic Mach numbers. Second, the implementation of Garson approach to determine the critical operating parameters affecting the suddenly expanded subsonic flow process in the subsonic range. In a MATLAB environment, a network model was constructed based on a multilayer perceptron with an input, hidden, and output layer. The network input parameters were the Mach number (M), nozzle pressure ratio (η), area ratio (α), length to diameter ratio (γ), micro jet control (ϵ), and duct location to length ratio (δ). The network output included two variables; base pressure (β) and wall pressure (ω). The ANN was trained and tested using the experimental data. The experimental results found that micro-jet controls were successful in increasing the base pressure for low Mach numbers and...
Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing
This work aims to compute stability derivatives in the Newtonian limit in pitch when the Mach num... more This work aims to compute stability derivatives in the Newtonian limit in pitch when the Mach number tends to infinity. In such conditions, these stability derivatives depend on the Ogive's shape and not the Mach number. Generally, the Mach number independence principle becomes effective from M = 10 and above. The Ogive nose is obtained through a circular arc on the cone surface. Accordingly, the following arc slopes are considered λ = 5, 10, 15, −5, −10, and −15. It is found that the stability derivatives decrease due to the growth in λ from 5 to 15 and vice versa. For λ = 5 and 10, the damping derivative declines with an increase in λ from 5 to 10. Yet, for the damping derivatives, the minimum location remains at a pivot position, h = 0.75 for large values of λ. Hence, when λ = −15, the damping derivatives are independent of the cone angles for most pivot positions except in the early twenty percent of the leading edge.
Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing
In this study, a duct is considered and special attention is paid to a passive method for the con... more In this study, a duct is considered and special attention is paid to a passive method for the control of the base pressure relying on the use of a cavity with a variable aspect ratio. The Mach number considered is 1.8, and the area ratio of the duct is 2.56. In particular, two cavities are examined, their sizes being 3:3 and 6:3. The used L/D spans the interval 1-10 while the NPRs (nozzle pressure ratio) range from 2 to 9. The results show that the control becomes effective once the nozzles are correctly expanded or under-expanded. The pressure contours at different NPR and L/D are presented. It is shown that the NPR and cavity location strongly influence the base pressure. The NPR, Mach number, and cavity aspect ratio have a strong effect on the base pressure in the wake region.
Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing
Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing
Conventional refrigeration processes release ammonia and freon into the atmosphere, which results... more Conventional refrigeration processes release ammonia and freon into the atmosphere, which results in global warming. These problems may be overcome by using thermoelectric modules because of the absence of coolants or refrigerants in these systems. However, the cooling performances of such modules are relatively small in comparison to those of conventional refrigerators. In this paper, the working principles of thermoelectric modules are discussed together with a review of different relevant aspects, namely: the thermoelectric materials, and their mechanical properties used to build thermoelectric devices, different types of thermoelectric devices available on the market, mathematical modeling of thermoelectric materials, and various applications of thermoelectric materials in different fields.
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2021
Abstract The effect of incorporating limited-diffusivity elements such as Fe and Ti on thermal st... more Abstract The effect of incorporating limited-diffusivity elements such as Fe and Ti on thermal stability of the nanocrystalline Al alloy was investigated. Al−10wt.%Fe and Al−10wt.%Fe−5wt.%Ti alloys were fabricated. The initial mixtures of powders were milled for 100 h in vacuum. The bulk samples were fabricated from the milled powders in a high frequency induction heat sintering (HFIHS) system. The milled powders and the bulk sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers microhardness, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The observations indicated that Fe and Ti were completely dispersed in the matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution (SSSS) with Al. Additionally, the inclusion of alloying elements led to an increase in hardness and yield strength of the alloy by 127% and 152%, respectively. The elevated temperature compression tests were carried out to evaluate the thermal stability of the alloys. The Al−10wt.%Fe−5wt.%Ti alloy revealed the optimum thermally stable behavior of the three alloys studied. The incorporation of Fe and Ti improved the thermal stability of the developed alloys through inhibiting the grain growth, hindering dissolution and growth of second phases (such as Al13Fe4 and Al13Ti), and forming a stable solid solution.
International Journal of Plasticity, 2012
Measured responses of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) and their tailor welded blanks (TWBs),... more Measured responses of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) and their tailor welded blanks (TWBs), over a wide range of strain-rates (10 À4 to 10 3 s À1) are presented. The steels investigated include transformation induced plasticity (TRIP), dual phase (DP), and drawing quality (DQ) steels. The TWBs include DQ-DQ and DP-DP laser welds. A tensile split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used for the dynamic experiments. AHSS and their TWB's were found to exhibit positive strain-rate sensitivity. The Khan-Huang-Liang (KHL) constitutive model is shown to correlate and predict the observed responses reasonably well. Micro-texture characterization of DQ steels, DQ-DQ and DP-DP laser welds were performed to investigate the effect of strain-rate on texture evolution of these materials. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was used to analyze the micro-texture evolution and kernel average misorientation (KAM) map. Measurement of micro-hardness profile across the cross section of tensile samples was conducted to understand the effect of initial microstructure on ductility of laser weld samples.
Materials
The present study aims to optimize the compressive properties of porous aluminum composites fabri... more The present study aims to optimize the compressive properties of porous aluminum composites fabricated using the powder metallurgy (PM) space holder technique. These properties were optimized by taking into consideration different processing factors such as sintering temperature, compaction pressure, and sintering time. The experimental design was formulated using L9 orthogonal array by employing these three parameters at three levels. The density, porosity, plateau stress, and energy absorption capacity were determined and analyzed. The impact of individual input parameters was evaluated using the Taguchi-based S/N ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The main effect plots outlined the optimum parameter levels to achieve maximum values for compressive properties (plateau stress and energy absorption capacity). The results revealed that the sintering temperature and time significantly impact compressive properties. The ANOVA analysis exhibited similar results, with maximum contri...
Coatings
To enhance the surface of a material with the desired qualities for diverse applications in servi... more To enhance the surface of a material with the desired qualities for diverse applications in service, a variety of thermal and thermo-chemical surface treatment processes are used. Due to the high-velocity impact inherent in the process, high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray is now frequently employed in industrial applications for its ability to generate a high-quality coating with appropriate hardness and low oxide content. In this investigation, a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying process was utilized to coat WC-10Co powders on a 35CrMo steel substrate. A water jet erosion test was also used to examine the substrate and coated samples’ erosion behavior. The erosion rate was systematically investigated using water jet variables such as the angle of impingement, water jet velocity, standoff distance, and erodent discharge. For the development of multiple regression models, experiments were performed utilizing the central composite rotatable design and the response surface...
Sustainability, 2022
Conventional air conditioners (AC) operate on vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) technology, w... more Conventional air conditioners (AC) operate on vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) technology, which is a heavy consumer of electricity, and the used refrigerants harm the environment. In humid and hot areas, a liquid desiccant AC system integrated with a VCR system has been proposed as a better alternative to traditional standalone VCR system, as it is an energy-efficient system that can remove latent air load, air pollutants from the processed air, and it is energy-saving. In this study, a hybrid liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) system with a capacity of 5.5 kW was designed and developed by integrating these two different technologies, and the vapor pressure of potassium formate (KCOOH) solution at different solution temperatures and concentrations were monitored experimentally to determine the optimal concentration range. Moreover, a comparative study was conducted to analyze the dehumidification performance of lithium chloride (LiCl) and KCOOH solutions. Experiments are...
Materials, 2021
This study presents the rheological behavior of water-based GO-TiO2-Ag and rGO-TiO2-Ag ternary-hy... more This study presents the rheological behavior of water-based GO-TiO2-Ag and rGO-TiO2-Ag ternary-hybrid nanofluids. The impact of nanoparticles’ volumetric concentration and temperature on the rheological properties were studied. All experiments were performed under temperatures ranging from 25 to 50 °C in the solid volume concentration range of 0.5–0.00005%. The data optimization technique was adopted using the Taguchi method. The types of nanomaterials, concentration, temperature, and shear rate were chosen to optimize the viscosity and shear stress. The effect of shear stress, angular sweep, frequency sweep, and damping factor ratio is plotted. The experimental results demonstrated that the rheological properties of the ternary hybrid nanofluid depend on the ternary hybrid nanofluid’s temperature. The viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNf) change by 40% for GO-TiO2-Ag and 33% for rGO-TiO2-Ag when temperature and shear rates are increased. All the ternary hybrid nanofluids de...
Persistent increase in demand and depletion of world fossil fuel reserve has necessitated the loo... more Persistent increase in demand and depletion of world fossil fuel reserve has necessitated the lookout for alternative fuels. One such indigenous biodiesel with significant potential is the biodiesel extracted from Roselle whose technical feasibility to operate with compression ignition engine is investigated in this study. Experimental and empirical methodologies had been employed to characterise the fuel blends while operating at engine loads of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, and with fuel injection timings of 19°, 21°, 23°, 25° and 27° bTDC. Results showed that for 20% blend, with advanced injection timing from 19° bTDC to 27° bTDC at full load, brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature for 20% blend was higher by 15.84% and 4.60%, while decrease in brake thermal efficiency by 4.4%. Also, 18.89% reduction in smoke, 5.26% increase in CO2 and 12.94% increase in NOx were observed. In addition, an empirical model was developed for full range characterisation. The artificial...
Materials, 2021
The current study explores the effects of geometrical shapes of the infills on the 3D printed pol... more The current study explores the effects of geometrical shapes of the infills on the 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) plastic on the tensile properties. For this purpose, by utilizing an accessible supply desktop printer, specimens of diamond, rectangular, and hexagonal infill patterns were produced using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique. Additionally, solid samples were printed for comparison. The printed tensile test specimens were conducted at environmental temperature, Ta of 23 °C and crosshead speed, VC.H of 5 mm/min. Mainly, this study focuses on investigating the percentage infill with respect to the cross-sectional area of the investigated samples. The mechanical properties, i.e., modulus of toughness, ultimate tensile stress, yield stress, and percent elongation, were explored for each sample having a different geometrical infill design. The test outcomes for each pattern were systematically compared. To further validate the experimental results, a c...
Sustainability
The main target of the current research work is effectively eliminating fossil fuel dependency an... more The main target of the current research work is effectively eliminating fossil fuel dependency and improving the exhaust air quality of conventional Compression Ignition (CI) engines. This research paper demonstrates for the first time that a nanofluid (water without surfactant) stored in separate tanks can be quantified, collected, and immediately emulsified by a high shear mixer before transfer into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. The experiment was carried out under different load states (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) with a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Biofuel was extracted from citronella leaves using an energy-intensive process. The 5% water share was used for preparing the biofuel emulsion and nano-biofuel emulsion. A cobalt chromate nanoadditive was used to make the nanofluid. An experimental investigation was performed with prepared test fuels, namely, ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD), 100% Citronella (B100), surfactant-free Diesel emulsion (SDE), surfactant-free bioemul...
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Papers by Dr. MUNEER BAIG