Papers by Gabriele Baratto
International journal of forensic sciences, 2022
Several measures and instruments have been adopted in Italy to fight against serious organised cr... more Several measures and instruments have been adopted in Italy to fight against serious organised crime. In this framework, the 'mafia-type association' offence (Article 416 bis c.c.), and the National Anti-Mafia Directorate (DNA) can be considered as the two main pillars of the whole system, at least from a historical point of view (the former, from a substantial law perspective; the latter, from an organisational-procedural one). The aim of this article is to analyse and assess (vis à vis the experience acquired on their practical implementation) these two tools. The evaluation (based on the results of a focus group with 5 DNA Prosecutors, and on the analysis of the relevant literature) allowed to highlight their strengths and limits, as well as to discuss the possible exportability of the Italian experience to other countries.
CRC Press eBooks, Sep 26, 2023
Organised crime poses a threat to the security and freedom of European citizens and impacts the l... more Organised crime poses a threat to the security and freedom of European citizens and impacts the lives of people worldwide. Recognising the severity of the problem and the need for coordinated action, the EU has initiated a number of measures to encourage closer cooperation between Member States and the adoption of common legal, judicial and investigative frameworks to address organised crime. The report Study on paving the way for future policy initiatives in the field of fight against organised crime: the effectiveness of specific criminal law measures targeting organised crime evaluates the practical application of legal and investigative tools stemming from Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA on the fight against organised crime, other EU and international regulations and national legislation. The study involved a review of the transposition of Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA in 28 Member States; examining how the identified legislation, relevant to the fight against organised crime, was used in practice in each Member State; a review of eight special legal and investigative tools and techniques used in the fight against organised crime and an overview of selected national specialist law enforcement and prosecution agencies involved in the fight against organised crime.
Organised crime poses a threat to the security and freedom of European citizens and impacts the l... more Organised crime poses a threat to the security and freedom of European citizens and impacts the lives of people worldwide. Recognising the severity of the problem and the need for coordinated action, the EU has initiated a number of measures to encourage closer cooperation between Member States and the adoption of common legal, judicial and investigative frameworks to address organised crime. The report Study on paving the way for future policy initiatives in the field of fight against organised crime: the effectiveness of specific criminal law measures targeting organised crime evaluates the practical application of legal and investigative tools stemming from Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA on the fight against organised crime, other EU and international regulations and national legislation. The study involved a review of the transposition of Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA in 28 Member States; examining how the identified legislation, relevant to the fight against organised crime, was used in practice in each Member State; a review of eight special legal and investigative tools and techniques used in the fight against organised crime and an overview of selected national specialist law enforcement and prosecution agencies involved in the fight against organised crime.
SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 2020
SpringerBriefs in Criminology present concise summaries of cutting edge research across the field... more SpringerBriefs in Criminology present concise summaries of cutting edge research across the fields of Criminology and Criminal Justice. It publishes small but impactful volumes of between 50-125 pages, with a clearly defined focus. The series covers a broad range of Criminology research from experimental design and methods, to brief reports and regional studies, to policy-related applications. The scope of the series spans the whole field of Criminology and Criminal Justice, with an aim to be on the leading edge and continue to advance research. The series will be international and cross-disciplinary, including a broad array of topics, including juvenile delinquency, policing, crime prevention, terrorism research, crime and place, quantitative methods, experimental research in criminology, research design and analysis, forensic science, crime prevention, victimology, criminal justice systems, psychology of law, and explanations for criminal behavior.
The Illegal Trade of Medicines on Social Media, 2020
The chapter is focused on situational crime prevention. After some preliminary remarks on its mai... more The chapter is focused on situational crime prevention. After some preliminary remarks on its main features, all the SCP measures elaborated and implemented to fight against the illegal online trade of medicines are presented, illustrating also their critical aspects, especially with reference to social media websites. After that, the chapter focuses on the SCP measure introduced by social media platforms aimed at identifying, blocking, and removing contents related to the illegal online trade of medicines. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for an impact assessment of the interventions.
SpringerBriefs in Criminology
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Technology in Human Smuggling and Trafficking
The Illegal Trade of Medicines on Social Media
The two case studies from Italy and the UK presented in this book offer compelling evidence about... more The two case studies from Italy and the UK presented in this book offer compelling evidence about the nature and the extent of the use of ICT in the business of human smuggling and trafficking. As such, these findings should be hardly surprising, as, twenty years into the twenty-first century, the use of technologies such as mobile phones and smartphones, the internet and the social web is ubiquitous in the everyday life across the globe. It is inevitable that the people involved in the business of human smuggling and trafficking tap into the potential of these technologies—there is really no reason to assume that illegal entrepreneurs will not take recourse to the means that every other entrepreneur in every other business sector uses, just as their clients will use the very same technologies as a matter of course. In fact, what is surprising is the relatively slow ignition of academic research into this aspect of the business, to such an extent that our effort addresses a knowledg...
This chapter interrogates the role of the internet and digital technologies in the processes of h... more This chapter interrogates the role of the internet and digital technologies in the processes of human smuggling and trafficking in the UK. The research presented here examines how the Internet and digital technologies facilitate the recruitment and transportation/entry phases of people smuggling towards and/or into the UK, and the recruitment, transportation and exploitation phases of the trafficking process in the UK sex and labour markets. Our findings suggest that the internet and digital technologies do not simply complement existing offline practices, but rather expand the potential for illicit enterprise. In the UK context, online activity entails that the prevalence of such illicit enterprise may be significantly underestimated and, therefore, further research is clearly warranted.
The chapter is focused on situational crime prevention. After some preliminary remarks on its mai... more The chapter is focused on situational crime prevention. After some preliminary remarks on its main features, all the SCP measures elaborated and implemented to fight against the illegal online trade of medicines are presented, illustrating also their critical aspects, especially with reference to social media websites. After that, the chapter focuses on the SCP measure introduced by social media platforms aimed at identifying, blocking, and removing contents related to the illegal online trade of medicines. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for an impact assessment of the interventions.
Organised crime poses a threat to the security and freedom of European citizens and impacts the l... more Organised crime poses a threat to the security and freedom of European citizens and impacts the lives of people worldwide. Recognising the severity of the problem and the need for coordinated action, the EU has initiated a number of measures to encourage closer cooperation between Member States and the adoption of common legal, judicial and investigative frameworks to address organised crime. The report Study on paving the way for future policy initiatives in the field of fight against organised crime: the effectiveness of specific criminal law measures targeting organised crime evaluates the practical application of legal and investigative tools stemming from Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA on the fight against organised crime, other EU and international regulations and national legislation. The study involved a review of the transposition of Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA in 28 Member States; examining how the identified legislation, relevant to the fight against organised crime,...
The Illegal Trade of Medicines on Social Media
Springer, 2020
This brief offers a unique and innovative account of the role of internet and digital technologie... more This brief offers a unique and innovative account of the role of internet and digital technologies in human smuggling and trafficking. It explores new illegal paths through the web by analyzing how traffickers and smugglers use the visible and dark web during different phases of the process, including recruitment, transportation, and exploitation. Featuring case studies from two European countries, Italy and the United Kingdom, it outlines the types of websites used in these processes, how they are used, and common behavior patterns. With a view of transnational criminal activities involving actors from individual criminal entrepreneurs to organized crime groups and fluid large criminal networks, this brief will be of use to law enforcement, researchers of trafficking and organized crime, and policy makers.
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Papers by Gabriele Baratto