Papers by Jatindra Bhakta
Aquaculture Research, 2002
Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 2016
Nova Science Publishers eBooks, Feb 16, 2023
Organic farming produces clear benefits for biodiversity in comparison to conventional farming. D... more Organic farming produces clear benefits for biodiversity in comparison to conventional farming. Depending on altitude, organic farms have between 46 and 72 percent more semi-natural habitats and host 30 percent more species and 50 percent more individuals than non-organic farms. The lower farming intensities and higher proportion of semi-natural areas enable site-typical plant and animal species to survive on organic farms and allow farmers to benefit from an intact and therefore sustainably functioning ecosystem.
Water Air and Soil Pollution, Sep 19, 2014
The contamination of hazardous metal(loid) is one of the serious environmental and human health r... more The contamination of hazardous metal(loid) is one of the serious environmental and human health risks. This study isolated a total of 40 cadmium (Cd)and arsenic (As)-resistant bacterial isolates from coastal sediments by pour plate technique using tryptic soy agar supplemented with Cd or As (50 mg l −1) for use as metal(loid) bioremediation agents. Out of 40, 4 isolates, RCd3, RCd6, RAs7, and RAs10, showed a relatively higher growth rate in Cd-or As-supplemented culture media which were selected for further study. The selected isolates showed a high minimum inhibitory concentration (60-400 mg l −1 for Cd and 400-2200 mg l −1 for As), which demonstrated their remarkable Cd and As resistance capabilities. The metal(loid) removal efficiencies (0.032-0.268 μg Cd h −1 mg −1 and 0.0003-0.0172 μg As h −1 mg −1 [wet weight cell]) of selected isolates indicated their greater magnitude in absorbing Cd compared to As from water. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences revealed that isolates RCd3, RCd6, RAs7, and RAs10 were closely related to Acinetobacter brisouii, Pseudomonas abietaniphila, Exiguobacterium aestuarii, and Planococcus rifietoensis, respectively. Because of high Cd and As resistance and removal efficiency, the selected isolates can survive in a high metal(loid)-contaminated environment and could be a potential tool for bioremediation of high metal(loid)-contaminated effluents to protect the aquatic environment.
Hydrobiological Journal, 2019
Present survey synthesized information on fish biodiversity in the perennial freshwater body of R... more Present survey synthesized information on fish biodiversity in the perennial freshwater body of Ramnagar, East Midnapore district of West Bengal, India. We documented 45 fish species under 29 genera, 18 families and 8 orders during the periods from1990 to 1995, whereas, 34 species from 21 genera and 12 families under 7 orders were recorded presently from freshwater body of different perennial pond. This present database of ichthyofauna clearly indicated that 11 fish species, 8 genera, 6 families and 1 order have lost from this investigated area. Basically, this agricultural based area associated with profuse application of various chemicals, poisons and drugs in agricultural field that largely pollute perennial water body and ultimately exerting growing pressure on living aquatic resources and driven significant fish biodiversity decline. However, over fishing, chemicals, agricultural runoff and other forms of pollution are most important factors which should be restricted for the conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity. Therefore, it may be concluded that preparation of zone wise database of these information and their implementation through Government and various Non-Government Organizations would be the key tools for conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity.
Organic agriculture, Jul 28, 2022
Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Feb 1, 2006
The effect of different doses of mixed fertilizer on the response of some biogeochemical cycling ... more The effect of different doses of mixed fertilizer on the response of some biogeochemical cycling bacteria were examined using seven different doses (i.e, 105, 211, 422, 844, 1689, 3378 and 6757 g/tank/week) of mixed fertilizers with a fixed C : N : P ratio of 88.6 : 7.5 : 1. Advanced fry of Catla catla (1.2±0.04 g), Labeo bata (0.99±0.05 g), and Cyprinus carpio (1.3±0.06 g) were introduced at the rate of 16 fish/tank and reared for 120 days. Water samples were collected and monitored for bacterial population (HB, CDB, DNB and PSB), primary productivity, plankton, water quality parameters, and total phosphate in the sediment at ten days intervals. Number of bacteria (HB 15-270 x 10 3 /ml, CDB 15-237 x 10 2 /ml, DNB 5-221 x 10 2 /ml and PSB 3-159 x 10 1 /ml) increased directly with the increase in the fertilizer doses and showed maximum rate of bacterial growth at the fertilizer doses 48,000 kg/ha/yr. Three levels of responses to fertilizer doses-poor bacterial density and rate of fertilizer mineralization efficiency (D 12 to D 48), moderate bacterial density and highest rate of fertilizer mineralization efficiency (>D 48 to D 192) and highest bacterial density but slow rate of fertilizer mineralization efficiency (>D 192 to D 768) were observed. The fish growth tended to rise with the increase in fertilizer dose. Maximum fish growth was at D 96 (96,000 kg/ha/year) and decline thereafter. Though the bacterial load increased with fertilizer doses, the primary productivity of phytoplankton and fish growth did not increased when fertilizer doses increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that fertilizer dose 48,000 kg/ha/yr is required to manipulate the optimum bacterial population and productivity of the aquaculture pond and application of excessive doses of fertilizer increases production cost and causes environmental pollution.
Journal of Inflammation Research, Feb 1, 2023
Grape Seed Extract is a natural source of various polyphenols, which have been shown to possess p... more Grape Seed Extract is a natural source of various polyphenols, which have been shown to possess potent antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities. The earlier studies have reported that grape seed extract exhibits broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. Therefore, studying the hepatoprotective effects and elucidation of mechanisms of action of the Indian Variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract (GSE), may give an insight into therapeutic benefits. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line pharmacological therapy for different rheumatic diseases. The major adverse events such as hepatotoxicity are evident even in the low doses used for the treatment. The present study investigated the role of MTX on hepatic damage in murine liver and the plausible protective effects of the Indian grape variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract, in ameliorating it. Methods and Results: To assess the hepatological modulation, mice were divided into eight groups to investigate the ameliorative potential of this GSE (75 and 125 mg/kg) and correlate the experimental findings. The active components of the extract were assessed through UPLC-(ESI)-QToF-MS analysis. On the other hand, various biochemical and immunological indices were carried out to correlate the experimental data. The result demonstrated that the prophylactic administration of GSE reduced MTX-induced hepatic toxicity indices, which subsequently restored the hepatic morphological architecture. Moreover, the application of GSE in a dual dosage (75 and 125 mg/kg) suppressed MTX-induced reactive oxygen species generation, followed by lipid peroxidation and cellular nitrite formation. MTX-induced inflammasome activation through the redox-assisted cascade of TLR4/NF-κB signaling was further reduced by applying the GSE. The results showed that the activation of cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 enhanced the level of endogenous antioxidants. Furthermore, through the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 axis, this extract could reduce the MTX-mediated hepatic damage. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Manjari Medika seed extract could be used as a therapeutic agent to relieve the side effects of MTX and other hepatic disorders.
Research Advancements in Organic Farming
Organic farming produces clear benefits for biodiversity in comparison to conventional farming. D... more Organic farming produces clear benefits for biodiversity in comparison to conventional farming. Depending on altitude, organic farms have between 46 and 72 percent more semi-natural habitats and host 30 percent more species and 50 percent more individuals than non-organic farms. The lower farming intensities and higher proportion of semi-natural areas enable site-typical plant and animal species to survive on organic farms and allow farmers to benefit from an intact and therefore sustainably functioning ecosystem.
Municipal wastewater generated by household activities is a storehouse of fertilizers often causi... more Municipal wastewater generated by household activities is a storehouse of fertilizers often causing eutrophication of aquatic systems and environmental degradation if not properly managed. Aquaponics is a green and sustainable eco-technological approach integrating aquaculture in hydroponic system and can play a pivotal role in harnessing nutrient from wastewater resources. Consequently, the nutrient-rich wastewater may be reclaimed with concurrent production of fish crops and economically important aquatic plants that can fetch high income from wastewater. The present chapter deals with the potentials of aquaponics in turning wastewater into suitable water for producing fish and different crops for food and nutritional security as well as environmental sustainability.
Aquaculture, 2019
Winter reduction of fish growth is one of the major concerns in aquaculture. Using the principle ... more Winter reduction of fish growth is one of the major concerns in aquaculture. Using the principle of greenhouse mediated raised temperature, the issue has been addressed by examining the growth responses of some tropical fishes in polyculture (rohu, mrigal, bata, Japanese punti, grass carp, common carp, magur, freshwater prawn) and two stocking ratios (80:20 and 20:80) with surface and column feeder (catla, silver carp, rohu, Japanese punti and bata) and bottom feeder (mrigal and common carp). Advanced fry of these fishes were introduced separately in solar heated greenhouse and in open polyhouse (13 x 1.5 x 2 m 3) placed in triplicate in a pond and reared for 120 or 98 days during the winter for two consecutive years. The rate of survival (20-83%) and net weight gained by different species of fish were distinctly higher in closed set up (0.22-2.95 g/day) than in open (4-66%; 0.11-1.80 g/day) ones in both trials. Among the species, warmth induced net weight gain was maximal for Japanese punti (196 g), followed by rohu (159 g), mrigal (115 g), grass carp (104 g), bata (36 g) and freshwater prawn (28 g) in polyculture. The frequency distribution of harvested fishes was skewed towards large fishes in solar heated greenhouse and smaller ones in open units. Water temperature ranged from 21.6-28.1 °C and 17.2-23.7 °C in the closed and open units, whereas mean temperature remained 4.5-5ºC higher in the former than in latter. There was no marked differences in total alkalinity (219-231 mg/l), inorganic carbon (289-417 mg/l), organic carbon (4.27-4.52 mg/l), dissolved oxygen (6.61-6.75 mg/l), total dissolved solids (420.48-423.74 mg/l) and conductivity (549.83-563.29 µs/cm) between the closed and open enclosures, and remained within the range for fish culture. The score values of the sum total of the integrated ecological conditions revealed that ~ 5ºC rise in water temperature during winter enhanced as high as 36% increased yield of fish (2546 kg/ha) over open units mediated through microbial driven augmented manure
Russian Agricultural Sciences, 2018
Water chest nut Trapa is a minor fruit crop and potential carbon sequester of atmospheric carbon.... more Water chest nut Trapa is a minor fruit crop and potential carbon sequester of atmospheric carbon. Mass production of water chest nut using a vast number of unused small water bodies and derelict waters is a win-win-win-win strategy toward mitigation of global warming, nutritional security, empowerment and resource utilization. Growth performance of Trapa was conducted in small culture units using different CNP ratios (25:02:01; 101:08:01; 290:01:01) at a fixed dose (0.2 kg/tank) of mixed manure with different doses (100, 200, 400, 600 g) of optimal CNP ratio (101:08:01) during the life cycle of Trapa. The total number of fruits and the wet weight of Trapa in different dose treatments ranged from 56 to 192 and from 258 to 379 g/tank. Yield of Trapa remained maximum when CNP ratio was 101:8:1 at 200 g/tank and the dosage was 200 g/tank with the optimal CNP ratio (134 g) and then declined with further rise in fertilizer dose. The proximate analysis of Trapa revealed the highest phosphorus content in all the tissues (fruit, leaf, and root) of Trapa grown in the CNP ratio of 101:08:01. Of the total amount of carbon in Trapa, contribution was maximum by the fruit (38-41%), followed by leaf (27-35%) and root (23-32%) in different ratio treatment. The C content of harvested Trapa grown in different CNP ratios (Table 4) was higher in fruit (38-41%) followed by leaf (27-35%) and root (23-32%) among tissues. The amount of C observed in control (32%) increased by 6% in 25:02:01 (34%) which was higher than remaining two treatments (31%). Dry weight or total carbon content of water chestnut tended to rise with increasing levels of phosphate of water from the dosage of 100 to 200 g with optimal CNP ratio and declined thereafter. A direct relationship between the dry weight or carbon content of Trapa and the total carbon content or phosphate to total carbon ratio of water was established. However, the carbon content remained between 27-32% in all the three tissues of Trapa culture when cultured in different dose treatments. It is reasonable to conclude that water chestnut may be promoted for mass cultivation using the recommended culture protocol that would help trapping atmospheric carbon, provide nutritional security and employment generation and resource utilization.
Bioresource Technology Reports
Protistology, 2006
Twenty five out of eighty (31.25%) hens, Gallus gallus domesticus L., had oocysts of an Eimeria s... more Twenty five out of eighty (31.25%) hens, Gallus gallus domesticus L., had oocysts of an Eimeria species described here as a new species, Eimeria indiana. Mature oocysts are egg shaped or ellipsoidal, measuring 23.45 !m(20.88 25.2) + 18.74 !m(16.2 21.6); the shape index (length/width) is 1.25. The oocyst wall (1.08 !m) is bi layered and both the layers exhibit smooth surface. A prominent oval polar granule is present but there is no micropyle or oocyst residuum. Sporocysts, four in number, are ovoid to elongated, measuring 10.26 !m (6.4 10.8) + 5.83 !m (4.6 7.2); the shape index is 1.75. A steida body is present in each of the four sporocysts. Sporocyst residuum is present in the form of uniform granules scattered randomly. Sporozoites measuring 7.2 + 3.6 !m are crescent or banana shaped, lying length wise in head to tail pattern.
Carbon Research
In an aquaculture system, estimates were made of soil organic carbon content, carbon burial rate,... more In an aquaculture system, estimates were made of soil organic carbon content, carbon burial rate, soil structure and algal productivity with the intention of examining the synergistic effects of both greenhouse gas (GHG) induced temperature and manure-driven carbon reduction potentials in sediments that depend on productivity as well as tilapia spawning responses under greenhouse mimicking conditions during winter. Different manure treatments such as cattle manure and saw dust (T1); poultry droppings and saw dust (T2); vermi-compost and saw dust (T3); mixture of cattle manure, poultry droppings, vermi-compost and saw dust (T4); iso-carbonic states maintained with vermi-compost (T5); and with poultry droppings (T6) were applied three times (frequency of application) in the tank during the course of investigation. Different parameters like soil organic carbon, carbon burial rate, algal productivity and water quality were examined in aquaculture system. GHG effect impacted on the enhan...
Applied Water Science
Arsenic intoxication through contaminated water and food is a challenging problem worldwide. The ... more Arsenic intoxication through contaminated water and food is a challenging problem worldwide. The objective of the present study was to isolate the As-resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and assess the As sorption stoichiometry of LAB to validate its practical application as a bioremediation tool. The present study isolated 50 As-resistant LAB colonies from human (HS1-25) and albino mice (MM1-25) fecal samples. Out of 50 As-resistant LAB, the HS12 isolate exhibited the highest As removal efficiency (0.021 mg/h/g). The As bioremediation kinetic study determined the contact time 10 min and the pH between 5 and 7 for optimum As biosorption from the water. The Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.993) was well fitted with the data than the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.876). The As bioaccumulation and scanning electron microscopy studies proved that binding of As onto cell membrane (0.000037 mg/g) and within the cell (0.000036 mg/g) are the mechanism of As sequestration of LAB HS12. The ...
Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (CNP) ratio is a significant index of high yielding aquaculture. ... more Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (CNP) ratio is a significant index of high yielding aquaculture. The study was performed to determine the nutrients profile of different aquaculture ponds and to evaluate the necessary nutrients amendment required for high fish growth in fish farming ponds of different nutrients status and culture practices. Ten ponds – four sewage–fed–fish farming ponds, two carp farming ponds, two large water bodies of carp poly culture and two pangas (Pangasius pangasius Ham.) monoculture ponds were considered in this study. Nutrients and water qualities, primary productivity, heterotrophic bacterial population and fish growth of all ponds were examined during four months culture period. The higher daily fish growth rate (1.71 – 1.75 g d<sup>–1</sup>) was found in the pangas cultured ponds due to favorable CNP ratios (49.6:6.5:1 and 56:6:1) developed by congenial nutrient profile compared to remaining fish cultured ponds suffered by eutrophic and oligot...
Betel vine has immense nutraceutical, medicinal and economic importance with significant opportun... more Betel vine has immense nutraceutical, medicinal and economic importance with significant opportunity in employment generation and upliftment of socioeconomic conditions of rural peoples in India and also in other Asian countries, nonetheless; it has been neglected and poorly studied in various important aspects of betel vine so far. There is lack of substantial literatures regarding the cultivation and management processes and cost-benefit perspectives of betel vine farming along with so many other vital aspects, systematic identification of cultivars and conservation, complete screening of useful active phytomolecules and its beneficial implications, genetic and molecular characterizations, quality improvement, disease control, fertilizer and integrated farming, etc. The present study attempted to draw a picture on cultivation and management processes and cost-benefit perspectives of betel vine farming by directly collecting data from experienced farmers of an important betel vine producing district, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. Study demonstrated a concise but practical account of cultivation, management and cost-benefit analysis of betel vine as data obtained from farmers of the investigated area. It has been observed from investigation that though, cultivation is labourious, it has highly beneficial cash crop potential compared to other cash crops having significant prospect in employment generation and socioeconomic development. Moreover, advanced researches can simplify hard and labourious cultivation process, improve the leaf quality, conserve cultivar, control disease, develop eco-friendly integrated organic based betel vine farming, protect post harvest damage and improve leaf marketing process. However, due to having immeasurable merits and national and international demands, it can be recognized as "green gold" and "household bank" for uplifting the rural economy.
Global warming poses a major threat to our civilization that has led to unsustainable development... more Global warming poses a major threat to our civilization that has led to unsustainable development worldwide. Though there are different strategies for global warming mitigation, carbon sequestration in water column via microalgae is the eco-friendly, cost effective and sustainable tool to capture and utilize carbon in a beneficial way. Microalgae, Chlorella sp. was cultured in ex situ using (a) standard basal medium as control, (b) culture medium aerated, (c) exogenously introduced liquid carbon dioxide into the culture medium. The growth of Chlorella was also examined under different pH (4 - 11) of the culture medium as well as in various dilutions (0, 25, 50%) of effluents of a Brewery under autoclaved and non- autoclaved conditions. There was no marked difference in growth of Chlorella sp. between 0 - 166 hours and between 218 - 272 hours either, but significant difference (P < 0.05) in growth was clearly discernable during the peak period among the treatments. Exogenously int...
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Papers by Jatindra Bhakta