Emmer wheat germplasm has received little attention with regard to exploring its genetic diversit... more Emmer wheat germplasm has received little attention with regard to exploring its genetic diversity toward enhancing utilization. Agro-morphological characterization was performed on 192 emmer wheat accessions during the winter season of 2019–2020, and subsequently 96 accessions were selected for morphological and molecular diversity analysis during the winter season of 2020–2021. Genetic diversity and population structure of 96 diverse Triticum dicoccum genotypes conserved in the National Genebank of India were estimated using 56 microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to six, with an average of 1.68 alleles. A total of 93 alleles were detected, with the highest polymorphic information content value (0.9912) observed for the Xcfd20 marker. Based on ‘STRUCTURE’ analysis, 96 dicoccum accessions were divided into two subpopulations. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that genetic differentiation among subpopulations was low and within subpopulations was high. A cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s dissimilarity index identified two clusters which were in congruence with the population structure. Indigenous and exotic collections were categorized into distinct subclusters within the same cluster with some overlapping suggesting limited genomic differentiation between these collections. Based on the present study, it is evident that cultivated emmer wheat showed low genetic diversity and a narrow genetic base. This might be due to limited cultivation in small pockets and emphasizes a need to broaden the genetic base of emmer wheat genetic resources for enhanced utilization.
Forty-one elite lentil lines were studied for stability of grain Fe and Zn concentration across t... more Forty-one elite lentil lines were studied for stability of grain Fe and Zn concentration across three locations (New Delhi, Ludhiana and Pantnagar) in India. The stability analysis was carried using Eberhart and Russel's stability model. Pooled analysis of variance over locations revealed highly significant differences between genotypes, locations and genotype x location interaction. The maximum mean for grain Fe concentration over the locations was obtained for L 4704 (136.91 mg/kg grain), while for grain Zn concentration was highest for VL 141 (81.542 mg/kg grain). The highest mean grain Fe and Zn was recorded at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (Fe-87.30 mg/kg and Zn-68.602 mg/kg). Although both micronutrients were influenced by environment, grain Fe showed more G x E interaction in comparison to grain Zn concentration. Six lentil genotypes exhibited stability for grain Fe concentration and fifteen genotypes for grain Zn concentration were identified. The stu...
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using six different multi-locus GWAS models ... more A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using six different multi-locus GWAS models and 35K SNP array to demarcate genomic regions underlying reproductive stage salinity tolerance. Marker-trait association analysis was performed for salt tolerance indices (STI) of 11 morpho-physiological traits, and the actual concentrations of Na+ and K+, and the Na+/K+ ratio in flag leaf. A total of 293 significantly associated quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for 14 morpho-physiological traits were identified. Of these 293 QTNs, 12 major QTNs with R2 ≥ 10.0% were detected in three or more GWAS models. Novel major QTNs were identified for plant height, number of effective tillers, biomass, grain yield, thousand grain weight, Na+ and K+ content, and the Na+/K+ ratio in flag leaf. Moreover, 48 candidate genes were identified from the associated genomic regions. The QTNs identified in this study could potentially be targeted for improving salinity tolerance in wheat.
Drought is one of the major constraints in wheat production and causes a huge loss at grain-filli... more Drought is one of the major constraints in wheat production and causes a huge loss at grain-filling stage. In this study we highlighted the response of different wheat genotypes under drought stress at the grain-filling stage. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate 72 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under two water regimes: irrigated and drought condition. Four wheat genotypes, two each of drought tolerant (IC36761A, IC128335) and drought-susceptible category (IC335732 and IC138852) were selected on the basis of agronomic traits and drought susceptibility index (DSI), to understand their morphological, biochemical and molecular basis of drought stress tolerance. Among agronomic traits, productive tillers followed by biomass had high percent reduction under drought stress, thus drought stress had a great impact. Antioxidant activity (AO), total phenolic and proline content were found to be significantly higher in IC128335 genotype. Differential expression pattern of transcription factors of ten genes revealed that transcription factor qTaWRKY2 followed by qTaDREB, qTaEXPB23 and qTaAPEX might be utilized for developing wheat varieties resistant to drought stress. Understanding the role of TFs would be helpful to decipher the molecular mechanism involved in drought stress. Identified genotypes (IC128335 and IC36761A) may be useful as parental material for future breeding program to generate new drought-tolerant varieties.
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
The NorthEastern Himalayan (NEH) region of India is endowed with rich maize genetic resources whi... more The NorthEastern Himalayan (NEH) region of India is endowed with rich maize genetic resources which is important from both genetics and evolutionary viewpoints. Mimban landrace of maize is a popular choice in Mizoram as food among the locals due to its stickiness caused by recessive wx1 gene resulting in high amylopectin in the grains. In the present study, a set of 24 Mimban accessions possessing high amylopectin (mean 89.72%, range 80.2-93.7%) content were analyzed. 93 SSRs markers generated a total of 334 alleles with a range of 2-9 and mean of 3.59 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content varied from 0.117 to 0.829 with an average of 0.528. A total of 20 unique and 24 rare alleles were detected. Twenty-seven major alleles with individual frequencies exceeding 0.70 were also identified across the accessions. Cluster analyses classified 24 genotypes into three major clusters each having 2, 14 and 9 accessions. The clustering pattern was largely congruent with the geographical information. Diverse origin of the accessions was also depicted by the SSR based principal coordinate analysis. These accessions with high amylopectin content from diverse clusters may be crossed to derive heterotic hybrid and also might be used for novel gene identification. Thus information generated here possesses great potential in their utilization in the waxy corn genomics and breeding and emphasizes the need for further exploration of unique trait specific genepool from unexplored areas. This is the first report of molecular characterization of Mimban landrace accessions from NEH region.
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The), 2017
Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting wheat production worldwide. Present study was conduct... more Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting wheat production worldwide. Present study was conducted to identify drought tolerant wheat lines. In this study, field screening was done in multi-environment for four years followed by validation at molecular level for identifying stable drought tolerant wheat genotypes. In field screening, based on eleven quantitative traits including drought susceptibility index (DSI) under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in two successive years, 44 wheat genotypes were selected from an initial set of 177 genotypes. These selected lines were further screened for two more years against drought stress. Stability analysis and AMMI biplot was also performed to analyze the stable performance of genotypes across the environments and years. The studied genotypes were also evaluated for the presence of six drought-linked molecular markers. Based on drought susceptibility index, other physiological parameters and molecular analysis, the genotypes namely, ET127225, ET127230, EC531185, ET127236, ET127267 and ET127269 were found to be potential genetic resources for drought tolerance, which can be further used in wheat improvement programme.
Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum spp.), which causes ... more Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum spp.), which causes considerable yield loss. Adult plant resistance (APR) is one of the most sustainable approaches to control leaf rust. In this study, field-testing was carried out across ten different locations, followed by molecular screening, to detect the presence of APR genes, Lr34+, Lr46+, Lr67+ and Lr68 in Indian wheat germplasm. In field screening, 190 wheat accessions were selected from 6,319 accessions based on leaf tip necrosis (LTN), disease severity and the average coefficient of infection. Molecular screening revealed that 73% of the accessions possessed known APR genes either as single or as a combination of two or three genes. The occurrence of increased LTN intensity, decreased leaf rust severity and greater expression of APR genes were more in relatively cooler locations. In 52 lines, although the presence of the APR genes was not detected, it still displayed high levels of resistance. Furthermore, 49 accessions possessing either two or three APR genes were evaluated for stability across locations for grain yield. It emerged that eight accessions had wider adaptability. Resistance based on APR genes, in the background of high yielding cultivars, is expected to provide a high level of race non-specific resistance, which is durable.
The particle size distribution, protein profile, pasting and dough rheological properties of meal... more The particle size distribution, protein profile, pasting and dough rheological properties of meal from forty-two Indian durum wheat accessions were evaluated. Meal from accessions with higher grain hardness index (GHI) showed a high proportion of large size particles with higher protein content and lower paste viscosities. Elastic and viscous modulii (' and ″) of dough were negatively correlated with paste viscosities, which was associated with the presence/absence of LMW-GS and HMW-GS. Wheat accessions with allelic combinations of (13 + 16) with 97 + 91 kDa polypeptides (PPs) had higher ' and ″. The accession with 35 kDa PP showed higher while those with 35 and 62 kDa PPs showed lower paste viscosity. Among all accessions, 25 accessions possess 7 + 8 (97 and 88 kDa) type HMW-GS allelic combination. Durum accessions with diverse GHI, particle size distribution, protein profile, paste and dough rheology indicates their variation in milling and processing behaviour.
With the substantial increase in food grain production, much of the emphasis has been put for enh... more With the substantial increase in food grain production, much of the emphasis has been put for enhanced grain quality traits. Most of the grain qualities traits are polygenic in nature. Identification of QTLs and markers linked to these QTLs can substantially enhance the selection efficiency. In this study, an effort has been made to identify QTLs for these traits. For this purpose two mapping population, RIL Safri17 x Kranti and DH population CT-993-5-10-1-M and IR 62266-42-6-2 were used and evaluated under field conditions. DNA from 112 lines of RIL was extracted, quantified and diluted to the appropriate concentration for PCR-based amplification. Fifty markers were used for detecting parental polymorphism. Five markers exhibiting polymorphism were further used for developing marker profile on the complete set of RIL. This data along with genotyping data for this population was used for QTLs analysis using single marker 't' test. RM 110, RM 202 and RM 212 were associated with grain length, RM 84 and RM 539 was associated with grain width, and RM 163, RM 202, RM 247 and RM 80 were associated to be L/B ratio. For DH population MAPMAKER/ QTL 1.1 was used for interval mapping and to estimate the percentage of total phenotypic variation. A threshold of LOD> 2.4 was used per test to claim the presence of QTL. A total of 8 QTLs were detected for grain width and grain L/B ratio. For grain width 3 QTLs detected on chromosome number 2, 3, 6 which shows 11 percent phenotyping variation. For L/B ratio 5 QTLs were detected, which were present on chromosome 2 3, 6 having 9 to 12.5 percent phenotypic variation. For grain length no QTLS detected.
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The), 2014
The GCA and SCA variance in combining ability analysis among the crosses involving 11 sweet corn ... more The GCA and SCA variance in combining ability analysis among the crosses involving 11 sweet corn inbreds was significant for all the traits studied. The additive and nonadditive gene effects were found predominant for all the traits. Inbred lines IPSA-8761, IPSA-8761, IPSA-8752, IPSA-8757 and IPSA-8754 were identified as good general combiners for different traits. Specific crosses namely, IPSA-8753 x IPSA-8755, IPSA-8753 x IPSA-8761, IPSA-8754 x IPSA-8758 and IPSA-8756 x IPSA-8758 had significant SCA effects and were identified for various flowering and maturity traits whereas IPSA-8755X IPSA-8758 and IPSA-8754X IPSA-8757 showed significant SCA effect for ear weight with husk, without husk and sugar content. The hybrid IPSA-8753 x IPSA-8759 also showed significant SCA effect for the main sweet corn traits referring to green ear weight without husk and sugar content. These findings could serve as crucial inputs required for improvement of sweet corn.
In the present study, 78 mapped simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers representing 11 linkage grou... more In the present study, 78 mapped simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers representing 11 linkage groups of adzuki bean were evaluated for transferability to mungbean and related Vigna spp. 41 markers amplified characteristic bands in at least one Vigna species. The transferability percentage across the genotypes ranged from 60.97 to 92.6% with 87.8% in Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo, 62.2% in Vigna unguiculata, 91.8% in Vigna umbellata, 78% in Vigna mungo var. sylvestris and 80% in Vigna trilobata, respectively. Five major clusters were observed using unweighted pair group method with an arithmetic mean (UPGMA) with each cluster representing a particular Vigna species. We have successfully utilized adzuki bean SSRs in amplifying microsatellite sequences in Vigna species and inferring phylogenetic relationships by correlating the rate of transfer among them. The polymorphic SSR markers identified in this study would be useful in the analysis of genetic diversity, gene mapping and other aspects of genetic studies in mungbean and related species.
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most important staple food crop prov... more Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most important staple food crop providing 20% global energy and dietary proteins. It is widely grown in sub-tropical and tropical areas and as such exposed to heat-stress especially at grain filling period (GFP). Global warming has further affected its production and productivity in these heat-stressed environments. We examined the effect of heat-stress on 18 morpho-physiological and yield-related traits in 96 bread wheat accessions. Heat susceptibility index (HSI <0.60) and yield stability (i <0.55) used as criteria for selecting the tolerant accessions. Heat-stress, imposed by delayed sowing, decreased crop growth and GFP, and as a result reduced morphological and yield-related traits, namely days to 50% anthesis, plant height, peduncle length, flag-leaf area, spike length, spikelets per spike, grain length and width, thousand grain weight (TGW), harvest index and yield. The reduction in the trait values was sever...
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis (DC). E.U. Speer f.sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Syn. ... more Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis (DC). E.U. Speer f.sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Syn. Erysiphe gramnis DC f.sp. tritici, Em. Marchal) is one of the important diseases of wheat worldwide. A comprehensive evaluation of wheat germplasm accessions (19,460) conserved in the National Genebank of ICAR–National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources was conducted to identify sources of resistance to PM. Accessions belonging to the three wheat species—bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) (15,944), durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) (3,359), and emmer wheat (T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl.) (157)—were screened at Wellington, a hotspot location for PM, for two consecutive seasons. Screening results indicated that 7271 (45%) from bread wheat, 756 (22%) from durum wheat, and 22 (14%) from emmer were resistant. Out of 8094 PM‐resistant accessions, 60% were indigenous, while majority of the 40% exotic were from CIMMYT. Focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS), which identif...
Specialty corns attract particular attention on account of steady increase in demand and producti... more Specialty corns attract particular attention on account of steady increase in demand and production over the recent years in India as well as their utility in adjusting to drought conditions. To address major limitation of low productivity, initiatives were made towards ...
format for submission Aim: Mechanisms of drought tolerance based on root architecture and lipid c... more format for submission Aim: Mechanisms of drought tolerance based on root architecture and lipid composition in wheat are poorly understood. We quantified the differences in root morphological traits and phospholipid and glycolipid levels between winter and spring wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance were grown at variable water supply. Methods: Experiments were conducted using seven winter and four spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes. In the first experiment, solid agar medium was used to quantify seminal root angles. In the second experiment, the plants were grown in 150-cm columns in a greenhouse under full and deficit moisture supply for 65 days to record root architecture. The root tips (2-cm-long) were used for quantifying polar lipids. Results: Winter wheat genotypes had 1.5 times higher maximum root length than spring wheat ones. Significant differences in the content of root polar lipids, and molecular types and double bond index of galactolipids were observed among spring but not winter wheat genotypes. Drought tolerance of winter wheat genotypes was linked with increased maximum root length. In spring wheat, the attributes such as shallow and well-branched root system and increased unsaturated fatty acid content are linked with drought tolerance. Conclusion: Winter wheat genotypes had greater maximum root length and total root length compared with spring wheat genotypes; introgression of this trait into spring wheat background can increase the grain yield under drought stress.
Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd st... more Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxi...
Molecular and morphological characterization of fixed lines from diverse cross in mung bean (Vign... more Molecular and morphological characterization of fixed lines from diverse cross in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Wheat is an important cereal crop and securing an increase in wheat production is necessary to fe... more Wheat is an important cereal crop and securing an increase in wheat production is necessary to feed the growing population. Integration of drought tolerance into new varieties attracts researchers as it helps to develop climate resilient wheat. Here, we tried to identify new sources of drought tolerance in crops using the targeted germplasm collection approach and to establish the relationship between different morpho-physiological, biochemical traits and stress susceptibility index. A set of 18 wheat genotypes collected using focused identification germplasm strategy (FIGS) was evaluated for drought tolerance at seedling stage. Stress was imposed by keeping the pots at 40 % field capacity for one week followed by watering to allow recovery. Shoot length, shoot dry weight, relative water content, chlorophyll, membrane stability and seedling survival declined, and proline content increased in all the genotypes under stress. Root length and dry root weight also increased in IC333095 a...
Emmer wheat germplasm has received little attention with regard to exploring its genetic diversit... more Emmer wheat germplasm has received little attention with regard to exploring its genetic diversity toward enhancing utilization. Agro-morphological characterization was performed on 192 emmer wheat accessions during the winter season of 2019–2020, and subsequently 96 accessions were selected for morphological and molecular diversity analysis during the winter season of 2020–2021. Genetic diversity and population structure of 96 diverse Triticum dicoccum genotypes conserved in the National Genebank of India were estimated using 56 microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to six, with an average of 1.68 alleles. A total of 93 alleles were detected, with the highest polymorphic information content value (0.9912) observed for the Xcfd20 marker. Based on ‘STRUCTURE’ analysis, 96 dicoccum accessions were divided into two subpopulations. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that genetic differentiation among subpopulations was low and within subpopulations was high. A cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s dissimilarity index identified two clusters which were in congruence with the population structure. Indigenous and exotic collections were categorized into distinct subclusters within the same cluster with some overlapping suggesting limited genomic differentiation between these collections. Based on the present study, it is evident that cultivated emmer wheat showed low genetic diversity and a narrow genetic base. This might be due to limited cultivation in small pockets and emphasizes a need to broaden the genetic base of emmer wheat genetic resources for enhanced utilization.
Forty-one elite lentil lines were studied for stability of grain Fe and Zn concentration across t... more Forty-one elite lentil lines were studied for stability of grain Fe and Zn concentration across three locations (New Delhi, Ludhiana and Pantnagar) in India. The stability analysis was carried using Eberhart and Russel's stability model. Pooled analysis of variance over locations revealed highly significant differences between genotypes, locations and genotype x location interaction. The maximum mean for grain Fe concentration over the locations was obtained for L 4704 (136.91 mg/kg grain), while for grain Zn concentration was highest for VL 141 (81.542 mg/kg grain). The highest mean grain Fe and Zn was recorded at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (Fe-87.30 mg/kg and Zn-68.602 mg/kg). Although both micronutrients were influenced by environment, grain Fe showed more G x E interaction in comparison to grain Zn concentration. Six lentil genotypes exhibited stability for grain Fe concentration and fifteen genotypes for grain Zn concentration were identified. The stu...
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using six different multi-locus GWAS models ... more A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using six different multi-locus GWAS models and 35K SNP array to demarcate genomic regions underlying reproductive stage salinity tolerance. Marker-trait association analysis was performed for salt tolerance indices (STI) of 11 morpho-physiological traits, and the actual concentrations of Na+ and K+, and the Na+/K+ ratio in flag leaf. A total of 293 significantly associated quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for 14 morpho-physiological traits were identified. Of these 293 QTNs, 12 major QTNs with R2 ≥ 10.0% were detected in three or more GWAS models. Novel major QTNs were identified for plant height, number of effective tillers, biomass, grain yield, thousand grain weight, Na+ and K+ content, and the Na+/K+ ratio in flag leaf. Moreover, 48 candidate genes were identified from the associated genomic regions. The QTNs identified in this study could potentially be targeted for improving salinity tolerance in wheat.
Drought is one of the major constraints in wheat production and causes a huge loss at grain-filli... more Drought is one of the major constraints in wheat production and causes a huge loss at grain-filling stage. In this study we highlighted the response of different wheat genotypes under drought stress at the grain-filling stage. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate 72 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under two water regimes: irrigated and drought condition. Four wheat genotypes, two each of drought tolerant (IC36761A, IC128335) and drought-susceptible category (IC335732 and IC138852) were selected on the basis of agronomic traits and drought susceptibility index (DSI), to understand their morphological, biochemical and molecular basis of drought stress tolerance. Among agronomic traits, productive tillers followed by biomass had high percent reduction under drought stress, thus drought stress had a great impact. Antioxidant activity (AO), total phenolic and proline content were found to be significantly higher in IC128335 genotype. Differential expression pattern of transcription factors of ten genes revealed that transcription factor qTaWRKY2 followed by qTaDREB, qTaEXPB23 and qTaAPEX might be utilized for developing wheat varieties resistant to drought stress. Understanding the role of TFs would be helpful to decipher the molecular mechanism involved in drought stress. Identified genotypes (IC128335 and IC36761A) may be useful as parental material for future breeding program to generate new drought-tolerant varieties.
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
The NorthEastern Himalayan (NEH) region of India is endowed with rich maize genetic resources whi... more The NorthEastern Himalayan (NEH) region of India is endowed with rich maize genetic resources which is important from both genetics and evolutionary viewpoints. Mimban landrace of maize is a popular choice in Mizoram as food among the locals due to its stickiness caused by recessive wx1 gene resulting in high amylopectin in the grains. In the present study, a set of 24 Mimban accessions possessing high amylopectin (mean 89.72%, range 80.2-93.7%) content were analyzed. 93 SSRs markers generated a total of 334 alleles with a range of 2-9 and mean of 3.59 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content varied from 0.117 to 0.829 with an average of 0.528. A total of 20 unique and 24 rare alleles were detected. Twenty-seven major alleles with individual frequencies exceeding 0.70 were also identified across the accessions. Cluster analyses classified 24 genotypes into three major clusters each having 2, 14 and 9 accessions. The clustering pattern was largely congruent with the geographical information. Diverse origin of the accessions was also depicted by the SSR based principal coordinate analysis. These accessions with high amylopectin content from diverse clusters may be crossed to derive heterotic hybrid and also might be used for novel gene identification. Thus information generated here possesses great potential in their utilization in the waxy corn genomics and breeding and emphasizes the need for further exploration of unique trait specific genepool from unexplored areas. This is the first report of molecular characterization of Mimban landrace accessions from NEH region.
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The), 2017
Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting wheat production worldwide. Present study was conduct... more Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting wheat production worldwide. Present study was conducted to identify drought tolerant wheat lines. In this study, field screening was done in multi-environment for four years followed by validation at molecular level for identifying stable drought tolerant wheat genotypes. In field screening, based on eleven quantitative traits including drought susceptibility index (DSI) under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in two successive years, 44 wheat genotypes were selected from an initial set of 177 genotypes. These selected lines were further screened for two more years against drought stress. Stability analysis and AMMI biplot was also performed to analyze the stable performance of genotypes across the environments and years. The studied genotypes were also evaluated for the presence of six drought-linked molecular markers. Based on drought susceptibility index, other physiological parameters and molecular analysis, the genotypes namely, ET127225, ET127230, EC531185, ET127236, ET127267 and ET127269 were found to be potential genetic resources for drought tolerance, which can be further used in wheat improvement programme.
Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum spp.), which causes ... more Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum spp.), which causes considerable yield loss. Adult plant resistance (APR) is one of the most sustainable approaches to control leaf rust. In this study, field-testing was carried out across ten different locations, followed by molecular screening, to detect the presence of APR genes, Lr34+, Lr46+, Lr67+ and Lr68 in Indian wheat germplasm. In field screening, 190 wheat accessions were selected from 6,319 accessions based on leaf tip necrosis (LTN), disease severity and the average coefficient of infection. Molecular screening revealed that 73% of the accessions possessed known APR genes either as single or as a combination of two or three genes. The occurrence of increased LTN intensity, decreased leaf rust severity and greater expression of APR genes were more in relatively cooler locations. In 52 lines, although the presence of the APR genes was not detected, it still displayed high levels of resistance. Furthermore, 49 accessions possessing either two or three APR genes were evaluated for stability across locations for grain yield. It emerged that eight accessions had wider adaptability. Resistance based on APR genes, in the background of high yielding cultivars, is expected to provide a high level of race non-specific resistance, which is durable.
The particle size distribution, protein profile, pasting and dough rheological properties of meal... more The particle size distribution, protein profile, pasting and dough rheological properties of meal from forty-two Indian durum wheat accessions were evaluated. Meal from accessions with higher grain hardness index (GHI) showed a high proportion of large size particles with higher protein content and lower paste viscosities. Elastic and viscous modulii (' and ″) of dough were negatively correlated with paste viscosities, which was associated with the presence/absence of LMW-GS and HMW-GS. Wheat accessions with allelic combinations of (13 + 16) with 97 + 91 kDa polypeptides (PPs) had higher ' and ″. The accession with 35 kDa PP showed higher while those with 35 and 62 kDa PPs showed lower paste viscosity. Among all accessions, 25 accessions possess 7 + 8 (97 and 88 kDa) type HMW-GS allelic combination. Durum accessions with diverse GHI, particle size distribution, protein profile, paste and dough rheology indicates their variation in milling and processing behaviour.
With the substantial increase in food grain production, much of the emphasis has been put for enh... more With the substantial increase in food grain production, much of the emphasis has been put for enhanced grain quality traits. Most of the grain qualities traits are polygenic in nature. Identification of QTLs and markers linked to these QTLs can substantially enhance the selection efficiency. In this study, an effort has been made to identify QTLs for these traits. For this purpose two mapping population, RIL Safri17 x Kranti and DH population CT-993-5-10-1-M and IR 62266-42-6-2 were used and evaluated under field conditions. DNA from 112 lines of RIL was extracted, quantified and diluted to the appropriate concentration for PCR-based amplification. Fifty markers were used for detecting parental polymorphism. Five markers exhibiting polymorphism were further used for developing marker profile on the complete set of RIL. This data along with genotyping data for this population was used for QTLs analysis using single marker 't' test. RM 110, RM 202 and RM 212 were associated with grain length, RM 84 and RM 539 was associated with grain width, and RM 163, RM 202, RM 247 and RM 80 were associated to be L/B ratio. For DH population MAPMAKER/ QTL 1.1 was used for interval mapping and to estimate the percentage of total phenotypic variation. A threshold of LOD> 2.4 was used per test to claim the presence of QTL. A total of 8 QTLs were detected for grain width and grain L/B ratio. For grain width 3 QTLs detected on chromosome number 2, 3, 6 which shows 11 percent phenotyping variation. For L/B ratio 5 QTLs were detected, which were present on chromosome 2 3, 6 having 9 to 12.5 percent phenotypic variation. For grain length no QTLS detected.
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The), 2014
The GCA and SCA variance in combining ability analysis among the crosses involving 11 sweet corn ... more The GCA and SCA variance in combining ability analysis among the crosses involving 11 sweet corn inbreds was significant for all the traits studied. The additive and nonadditive gene effects were found predominant for all the traits. Inbred lines IPSA-8761, IPSA-8761, IPSA-8752, IPSA-8757 and IPSA-8754 were identified as good general combiners for different traits. Specific crosses namely, IPSA-8753 x IPSA-8755, IPSA-8753 x IPSA-8761, IPSA-8754 x IPSA-8758 and IPSA-8756 x IPSA-8758 had significant SCA effects and were identified for various flowering and maturity traits whereas IPSA-8755X IPSA-8758 and IPSA-8754X IPSA-8757 showed significant SCA effect for ear weight with husk, without husk and sugar content. The hybrid IPSA-8753 x IPSA-8759 also showed significant SCA effect for the main sweet corn traits referring to green ear weight without husk and sugar content. These findings could serve as crucial inputs required for improvement of sweet corn.
In the present study, 78 mapped simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers representing 11 linkage grou... more In the present study, 78 mapped simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers representing 11 linkage groups of adzuki bean were evaluated for transferability to mungbean and related Vigna spp. 41 markers amplified characteristic bands in at least one Vigna species. The transferability percentage across the genotypes ranged from 60.97 to 92.6% with 87.8% in Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo, 62.2% in Vigna unguiculata, 91.8% in Vigna umbellata, 78% in Vigna mungo var. sylvestris and 80% in Vigna trilobata, respectively. Five major clusters were observed using unweighted pair group method with an arithmetic mean (UPGMA) with each cluster representing a particular Vigna species. We have successfully utilized adzuki bean SSRs in amplifying microsatellite sequences in Vigna species and inferring phylogenetic relationships by correlating the rate of transfer among them. The polymorphic SSR markers identified in this study would be useful in the analysis of genetic diversity, gene mapping and other aspects of genetic studies in mungbean and related species.
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most important staple food crop prov... more Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most important staple food crop providing 20% global energy and dietary proteins. It is widely grown in sub-tropical and tropical areas and as such exposed to heat-stress especially at grain filling period (GFP). Global warming has further affected its production and productivity in these heat-stressed environments. We examined the effect of heat-stress on 18 morpho-physiological and yield-related traits in 96 bread wheat accessions. Heat susceptibility index (HSI <0.60) and yield stability (i <0.55) used as criteria for selecting the tolerant accessions. Heat-stress, imposed by delayed sowing, decreased crop growth and GFP, and as a result reduced morphological and yield-related traits, namely days to 50% anthesis, plant height, peduncle length, flag-leaf area, spike length, spikelets per spike, grain length and width, thousand grain weight (TGW), harvest index and yield. The reduction in the trait values was sever...
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis (DC). E.U. Speer f.sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Syn. ... more Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis (DC). E.U. Speer f.sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Syn. Erysiphe gramnis DC f.sp. tritici, Em. Marchal) is one of the important diseases of wheat worldwide. A comprehensive evaluation of wheat germplasm accessions (19,460) conserved in the National Genebank of ICAR–National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources was conducted to identify sources of resistance to PM. Accessions belonging to the three wheat species—bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) (15,944), durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) (3,359), and emmer wheat (T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl.) (157)—were screened at Wellington, a hotspot location for PM, for two consecutive seasons. Screening results indicated that 7271 (45%) from bread wheat, 756 (22%) from durum wheat, and 22 (14%) from emmer were resistant. Out of 8094 PM‐resistant accessions, 60% were indigenous, while majority of the 40% exotic were from CIMMYT. Focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS), which identif...
Specialty corns attract particular attention on account of steady increase in demand and producti... more Specialty corns attract particular attention on account of steady increase in demand and production over the recent years in India as well as their utility in adjusting to drought conditions. To address major limitation of low productivity, initiatives were made towards ...
format for submission Aim: Mechanisms of drought tolerance based on root architecture and lipid c... more format for submission Aim: Mechanisms of drought tolerance based on root architecture and lipid composition in wheat are poorly understood. We quantified the differences in root morphological traits and phospholipid and glycolipid levels between winter and spring wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance were grown at variable water supply. Methods: Experiments were conducted using seven winter and four spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes. In the first experiment, solid agar medium was used to quantify seminal root angles. In the second experiment, the plants were grown in 150-cm columns in a greenhouse under full and deficit moisture supply for 65 days to record root architecture. The root tips (2-cm-long) were used for quantifying polar lipids. Results: Winter wheat genotypes had 1.5 times higher maximum root length than spring wheat ones. Significant differences in the content of root polar lipids, and molecular types and double bond index of galactolipids were observed among spring but not winter wheat genotypes. Drought tolerance of winter wheat genotypes was linked with increased maximum root length. In spring wheat, the attributes such as shallow and well-branched root system and increased unsaturated fatty acid content are linked with drought tolerance. Conclusion: Winter wheat genotypes had greater maximum root length and total root length compared with spring wheat genotypes; introgression of this trait into spring wheat background can increase the grain yield under drought stress.
Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd st... more Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxi...
Molecular and morphological characterization of fixed lines from diverse cross in mung bean (Vign... more Molecular and morphological characterization of fixed lines from diverse cross in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Wheat is an important cereal crop and securing an increase in wheat production is necessary to fe... more Wheat is an important cereal crop and securing an increase in wheat production is necessary to feed the growing population. Integration of drought tolerance into new varieties attracts researchers as it helps to develop climate resilient wheat. Here, we tried to identify new sources of drought tolerance in crops using the targeted germplasm collection approach and to establish the relationship between different morpho-physiological, biochemical traits and stress susceptibility index. A set of 18 wheat genotypes collected using focused identification germplasm strategy (FIGS) was evaluated for drought tolerance at seedling stage. Stress was imposed by keeping the pots at 40 % field capacity for one week followed by watering to allow recovery. Shoot length, shoot dry weight, relative water content, chlorophyll, membrane stability and seedling survival declined, and proline content increased in all the genotypes under stress. Root length and dry root weight also increased in IC333095 a...
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