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Installation and commissioning manual
ProtectIT Overcurrent and earth fault protection terminal

REL 505*2.5
Installation and commissioning manual
Overcurrent and earth fault protection terminal
REL 505*2.5
About this manual

Document No: 1MRK 506 218-UEN
Issued: December 2006
Revision: B
© Copyright 2006 ABB. All rights reserved.

COPYRIGHT
WE RESERVE ALL RIGHTS TO THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IN THE EVENT THAT A PATENT IS
ISSUED AND A DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PROPRIETARY RIGHT IS REGISTERED. IMPROPER
USE, IN PARTICULAR REPRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION TO THIRD PARTIES, IS NOT
PERMITTED.
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN CAREFULLY CHECKED. HOWEVER, IN CASE ANY ERRORS ARE
DETECTED, THE READER IS KINDLY REQUESTED TO NOTIFY THE MANUFACTURER AT THE
ADDRESS BELOW.
THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR THE CONCEPT OR
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND IS NOT TO BE DEEMED TO BE A STATEMENT OF GUARAN-
TEED PROPERTIES. IN THE INTERESTS OF OUR CUSTOMERS, WE CONSTANTLY SEEK TO
ENSURE THAT OUR PRODUCTS ARE DEVELOPED TO THE LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL STAN-
DARDS. AS A RESULT, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THERE MAY BE SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
THE HW/SW PRODUCT AND THIS INFORMATION PRODUCT.
Manufacturer:
ABB Power Technologies AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås
Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation
Contents
Chapter Page
Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................... 1
Introduction to the installation and commissioning manual ................. 2

About the complete set of manuals for a terminal .......................... 2
About the installation and commissioning manual.......................... 2
Intended audience .......................................................................... 3
General...................................................................................... 3
Requirements ............................................................................ 3
Related documents......................................................................... 4
Revision notes ................................................................................ 4
Acronyms and abbreviations .......................................................... 4
Chapter 2 Safety information......................................................... 13
Warning signs .................................................................................... 14

Caution signs ..................................................................................... 16
Note signs.......................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3 Overview ........................................................................ 19
Commissioning and installation overview .......................................... 20
Chapter 4 Unpacking and checking the terminal ........................ 21
Receiving, unpacking and checking .................................................. 22
Chapter 5 Installing the terminal ................................................... 23
Overview............................................................................................ 24
Mounting the terminal ........................................................................ 25
Mounting in a 19-inch rack ........................................................... 26
Mounting in a 19-inch rack with an additional box type RHGS..... 27
Mounting in a flush or semi-flush installation ................................ 28
Mounting on a wall ....................................................................... 30
Mounting the terminal on a wall............................................... 31
Preparing a wall mounted terminal for electrical installation.... 32
Making the electrical connections...................................................... 33
Connecting the CT circuits............................................................ 33
Connecting the auxiliary power, VT and signal connectors .......... 33
Connecting to protective earth...................................................... 35
Making the screen connection ...................................................... 35
Installing the optical fibres ................................................................. 36
Contents
Installing the serial communication cable for RS485 SPA/IEC .......... 37

RS485 serial communication module ........................................... 37
Informative excerpt from EIA Standard RS-485 ........................... 39
Data on RS485 serial communication module cable .................... 41
Installing the 56/64 kbit data communication cables.......................... 42
Chapter 6 Checking the external circuitry .................................... 45
Overview ............................................................................................ 46
Checking the CT and VT circuits ....................................................... 47
Checking the power supply................................................................ 48
Checking the binary I/O circuits ......................................................... 49
Binary input circuits....................................................................... 49
Binary output circuits .................................................................... 49
Chapter 7 Energising the terminal................................................. 51
Overview ............................................................................................ 52
Energising the terminal ...................................................................... 53
Checking the self supervision signals ................................................ 55
Reconfiguring the terminal............................................................ 55
Setting the terminal time ............................................................... 55
Checking the self supervision function ......................................... 55
Navigating the menus .............................................................. 55
Self supervision HMI data............................................................. 56
Chapter 8 Configuring the 56/64 kbit data

communication modules .............................................. 57
Configuring the fibre optical modem .................................................. 58

Calculation of optical power budget ................................................... 59
Configuring the short range fibre optical modem ............................... 60
Configuring the short range galvanic modem .................................... 64
Configure the interface modules for V.36, X.21 and RS530 .............. 66
Configuring the interface modules for G.703 co-directional............... 68
Fault tracing ....................................................................................... 69
Comfail function ....................................................................... 69
Explanation of contents in column 2 of table 42 ...................... 70
Configuring the transceiver 21-15xx .................................................. 73
Co-directional operation..................................................................... 74
Contra-directional operation............................................................... 76
Configuring the transceiver 21-16xx .................................................. 78
X.21 operation .............................................................................. 78
G.703 co-directional operation...................................................... 79
Chapter 9 Setting and configuring the terminal........................... 81

Contents
Overview............................................................................................ 82
Entering settings through the local HMI............................................. 83
Configuring the setting restriction of HMI function ............................. 84
Activating the restriction of setting ..................................................... 85
Local HMI ..................................................................................... 85
Serial communication, change of active group ............................. 85
Serial communication, setting....................................................... 85
Downloading settings and configuration from a PC........................... 86
Establishing front port communication.......................................... 86
Establishing rear port communication........................................... 86
Using the SPA/IEC rear port.................................................... 86
Using LON rear port ................................................................ 87
Downloading the configuration and setting files ........................... 87
Chapter 10 Requirement of trig condition for disturbance report

89
Requirement of trig condition for disturbance report.......................... 90
Chapter 11 Establishing connection and verifying the

SPA/IEC-communication .............................................. 91
Entering settings ................................................................................ 92

Entering SPA settings................................................................... 92
Entering IEC settings .................................................................... 92
Verifying the communication.............................................................. 94
Verifying SPA communication ...................................................... 94
Verifying IEC communication........................................................ 94
Optical budget calculation for serial communication with SPA/IEC . 95
Chapter 12 Establishing connection and verifying the LON com-

munication ..................................................................... 97
Reference .......................................................................................... 98
Verification of the optical budget .................................................. 98
Optical budget calculation for serial communication with LON 98
Chapter 13 Verifying settings by secondary injection ................. 99
Overview.......................................................................................... 100
Preparing for test ............................................................................. 102
Overview..................................................................................... 102
Preparing the connection to the test equipment ......................... 102
Setting the terminal in test mode ................................................ 103
Connecting test equipment to the terminal ................................. 103
Verifying the connection and the analog inputs .......................... 104
Contents
Releasing the function(s) to be tested ........................................ 105

Checking the disturbance report settings ................................... 105
Identifying the function to test in
the technical reference manual ........................................... 106
Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)......................................... 107
External activation of SOTF function .......................................... 107
Automatic initiation of SOTF ....................................................... 107
Completing the test..................................................................... 107
Autorecloser (AR) ............................................................................ 108
Preparing .................................................................................... 109
Checking the AR functionality..................................................... 110
Checking the reclosing condition ................................................ 110
Checking the Inhibit signal..................................................... 110
Checking the closing onto a fault........................................... 111
Checking the breaker not ready ............................................ 111
Testing the multi-breaker arrangement....................................... 111
Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC12) ................................. 112
Breaker failure protection (BFP) ...................................................... 113
Verifying the settings .................................................................. 113
Verifying the retrip setting ........................................................... 113
Checking the retrip function with retrip set to off.................... 113
Checking the retrip function with current check ..................... 113
Checking the retrip function without current check ................ 114
Broken conductor check (BRC) ....................................................... 115
Measuring the operate and time limit of set values .................... 115
Communication channel test logic (CCHT)...................................... 116
Testing the logic.......................................................................... 116
Current circuit supervision (CTSU) .................................................. 117
Current reversal and weak end infeed logic (ZCAL) ...................... 118
Current reversal logic.................................................................. 118
Checking of current reversal ................................................. 118
Weak end infeed logic ................................................................ 119
WEI logic at permissive schemes .......................................... 119
Testing conditions.................................................................. 119
Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for residual
overcurrent protection (EFCA) ....................................................... 121
Testing the current reversal logic................................................ 121
Testing the weak-end-infeed logic .............................................. 121
If setting parameter WEI=Echo.............................................. 121
If setting WEI=Trip ................................................................. 122
Dead line detection (DLD)................................................................ 124
Disturbance recorder (DR)............................................................... 125
Event counter (CN) .......................................................................... 126
Event function (EV) .......................................................................... 127
Event recorder (ER) ......................................................................... 128
Fault locator (FLOC) ........................................................................ 129
Measuring the operate limit ........................................................ 129
Four step time delayed directional residual
Contents
overcurrent protection (EF4) ........................................................... 131

Testing the direction measuring element.................................... 131
Testing the current step 4. .......................................................... 131
Testing the setting “NonDirNonRestr” or “Restrained” .......... 132
Testing the setting “ForwRelease” or “ForwRelRestr” ........... 132
Testing the setting “RevBlock” or “RevBlRestr”..................... 133
Testing the characteristic setting
1=NI, 2=VI, 3=EI or 4=LOG ......................................... 133
Testing the characteristic setting 0=DEF............................... 134
Testing the “Blocking at parallel transformer” function. .............. 134
Testing the current step 1-3........................................................ 135
Testing the setting “NonDirNonRestr” or “Restrained” .......... 135
Testing the setting “ForwRelease” or “ForwRelRestr” ........... 135
Testing the setting “RevBlock” or “RevBlRestr”..................... 136
Testing the time setting “t1” ................................................... 136
Testing the Switch-onto-fault ..................................................... 137
Testing the switch-onto-fault with setting 1 = IN2> and
2 = IN4>Res ......................................................................... 137
Testing the switch-onto-fault with setting 2 = IN4>Res ......... 137
Fuse failure supervision (FUSE)...................................................... 139
Checking that the binary inputs and outputs
operate as expected ............................................................ 139
Measuring the operate value for the
negative sequence function ................................................ 140
Measuring the operate value for the zero sequence function..... 140
Checking the operation of the du/dt, di/dt based function .......... 141
General fault criteria (GFC) ............................................................. 143
Testing the underimpedance mode ............................................ 143
Testing the overcurrent operating mode..................................... 145
Testing the phase preference logic ............................................ 146
High speed binary output logic (HSBO)........................................... 147
HSBO- trip from communication logic......................................... 147
ZCOM trip schemes.................................................................... 148
Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent protection (IOC)............ 149
Measuring the operate limit of set values ................................... 149
Phase overcurrent protection ................................................ 149
Loss of voltage check (LOV)............................................................ 150
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) .......................................... 152
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) ........................................... 153
Multiple command (CM)................................................................... 155
Overload supervision (OVLD).......................................................... 156
Pole discordance protection (PD) .................................................... 158
Contents
Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) .............................................. 159

Radial feeder protection (PAP) ........................................................ 160
Testing the fast fault clearance................................................... 160
Testing the delayed fault clearance ............................................ 160
Setting lockout (HMI) ....................................................................... 162
Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) .......................................... 163
Testing permissive underreach................................................... 163
Testing permissive overreach..................................................... 163
Testing blocking scheme ............................................................ 164
Checking of unblocking logic ...................................................... 164
Command function with continuous unblocking
(Unblock = 1) ................................................................ 164
Scheme communication logic for residual
overcurrent protection (EFC) ......................................................... 166
Testing the directional comparison logic function ....................... 166
Blocking scheme ................................................................... 166
Permissive scheme................................................................ 167
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent protection (WEF1) .......... 168
Measuring the operate and time limit for set values ................... 168
Sensitive directional residual power protection (WEF2) .................. 170
Four parameter setting groups (GRP) ............................................. 172
Single command (CD)...................................................................... 173
Stub protection (STUB).................................................................... 174
Synchrocheck and energizing check (SYN)..................................... 176
Testing the phasing function....................................................... 178
Testing the frequency difference ........................................... 179
Testing the synchrocheck ........................................................... 179
............................................................................................... 179
Testing the voltage difference ............................................... 180
Testing the phase difference ................................................ 181
Testing the frequency difference ........................................... 184
Testing the reference voltage ................................................ 184
Testing the energizing check ...................................................... 185
............................................................................................... 185
Testing the dead line live bus (DLLB).................................... 185
Testing the dead bus live line (DBLL).................................... 186
Testing both directions (DLLB or DBLL) ................................ 187
Testing the dead bus dead line (DBDL)................................. 187
Testing the voltage selection ...................................................... 188
Testing the voltage selection for single CB arrangements .... 188
Testing the voltage selection for 1 1/2 circuit
breaker diameter .......................................................... 189
Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) .................................... 191
Contents
Testing the protection without external

temperature compensation (NonComp) ................................ 191
Definite time non-directional overcurrent protection (TOC) ............ 193
Time delayed phase overcurrent ........................................... 193
Time delayed residual overcurrent (non-dir.)......................... 193
Time delayed overvoltage protection (TOV) .................................... 195
Time delayed phase overvoltage protection.......................... 195
Time delayed residual overvoltage protection (non-dir.) ....... 195
Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV) .................................. 196
Tripping logic (TR) ........................................................................... 197
3ph operating mode.................................................................... 197
1ph/3ph operating mode............................................................. 197
1ph/2ph/3ph operating mode...................................................... 198
Two step time delayed directional phase
overcurrent protection (TOC3) ........................................................ 200
Measuring the operate limit of the low
step overcurrent protection ................................................. 200
Measuring the definite time delay of the low set stage.......... 200
Measuring the inverse time delay of the low set stage.......... 200
Measuring the operate limit of the high step overcurrent
protection ............................................................................ 201
Measuring the operate limit of the directional lines. .............. 201
Two step time delayed non-directional phase
overcurrent protection (TOC2)......................................................... 203
Measuring the operate limit of the low step overcurrent
protection ............................................................................ 203
Measuring the definite time delay of the low set stage.......... 203
Measuring the inverse time delay of the low set stage.......... 203
Measuring the operate limit of the high step overcurrent
protection ............................................................................ 204
Chapter 14 Verifying the internal configuration .......................... 205
Overview.......................................................................................... 206
Testing the interaction of the protection functions ........................... 207
Chapter 15 Testing the protection system ................................... 209
Overview.......................................................................................... 210
Contents
Testing the interaction of the overcurrent protection........................ 211
Chapter 16 Checking the directionality......................................... 213
Overview .......................................................................................... 214

Testing the directional residual overcurrent protection .................... 215
Chapter 17 Fault tracing and repair............................................... 217
Fault tracing ..................................................................................... 218

Using information on the local HMI............................................. 218
Using front-connected PC or SMS.............................................. 219
Repair instruction ............................................................................. 221
Repair support ................................................................................. 223
About this chapter Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
About this chapter

This chapter introduces the user to the manual.
1
Introduction to the installation and Chapter 1
commissioning manual Introduction
1 Introduction to the installation and commissioning

manual
1.1 About the complete set of manuals for a terminal

The users manual (UM) is a complete set of four different manuals:
Application Technical Installation and Operator´s

manual reference commissioning manual
manual manual
en01000044.vsd
The Application Manual (AM) contains descriptions, such as application and functionality de-
scriptions as well as setting calculation examples sorted per function. The application manual
should be used when designing and engineering the protection terminal to find out when and for
what a typical protection function could be used. The manual should also be used when calcu-
lating settings and creating configurations.
The Technical Reference Manual (TRM) contains technical descriptions, such as function
blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameter tables and technical data sort-
ed per function. The technical reference manual should be used as a technical reference during
the engineering phase, installation and commissioning phase, and during the normal service
phase.
The Operator's Manual (OM) contains instructions on how to operate the protection terminal
during normal service (after commissioning and before periodic maintenance tests). The opera-
tor's manual can be used to find out how to handle disturbances or how to view calculated and
measured network data in order to determine the cause of a fault.
The Installation and Commissioning Manual (ICM) contains instructions on how to install
and commission the protection terminal. The manual can also be used as a reference if a periodic
test is performed. The manual covers procedures for mechanical and electrical installation, en-
ergizing and checking of external circuitry, setting and configuration as well as verifying set-
tings and performing a directional test. The chapters and sections are organized in the
chronological order (indicated by chapter/section numbers) in which the protection terminal
should be installed and commissioned.
1.2 About the installation and commissioning manual

The installation and commissioning manual contains the following chapters:
• The chapter “Safety information” presents warning and note signs, which the
user should pay attention to.
2
• The chapter “Overview” gives an overview over the major tasks when installing
and commissioning the terminal.
• The chapter “Unpacking and checking the terminal” contains instructions on
how to receive the terminal.
• The chapter “Installing the terminal” contains instructions on how to install the
terminal.
• The chapter “Checking the external circuitry” contains instructions on how to
check that the terminal is properly connected to the protection system.
• The chapter “Energising the terminal” contains instructions on how to start-up
the terminal.
• The chapter “Setting and configuring the terminal” contains instructions on how
to download settings and configuration to the terminal.
• The chapter “Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC-communica-
tion” contains instructions on how to enter SPA/IEC settings and verifying the
SPA/IEC communication.
• The chapter “Establishing connection and verifying the LON communication”
contains a reference to another document.
• The chapter “Verifying settings by secondary injection” contains instructions on
how to verify that each included function operates correctly according to the set
values.
• The chapter “Primary injection testing” describes a test with primary current
through the protected zone.
• The chapter “Testing the protection system” contains instructions on how to test
that the terminal is in contact with the primary system.
• The chapter “Fault tracing and repair” contains instructions on how to fault
trace.
1.3 Intended audience

1.3.1 General
The installation and commissioning manual is addressing the installation, commissioning and
maintenance personnel responsible for taking the protection into normal service and out of ser-
vice.
1.3.2 Requirements
The installation and commissioning personnel must have a basic knowledge in handling elec-
tronic equipment. The commissioning and maintenance personnel must be well experienced in
using protection equipment, test equipment, protection functions and the configured functional
logics in the protection.
3
1.4 Related documents
Documents related to REL 505*2.5 Identity number

Operator's manual 1MRK 506 216-UEN
Installation and commissioning manual 1MRK 506 218-UEN
Technical reference manual 1MRK 506 217-UEN
Application manual 1MRK 506 219-UEN
Buyer's guide 1MRK 506 215-BEN
1.5 Revision notes
Revision Description
B Minor updates in chapter:
• Configuring the 56/64 kbit data communication modules / Configuring the
fibre optical modem
• Verifying settings by secondary injection / Line differential protection, phase
segregated (DIFL)
1.6 Acronyms and abbreviations
AC Alternating Current
ACrv2 Setting A for programmable overvoltage IDMT curve, step 2
A/D converter Analog to Digital converter
ADBS Amplitude dead-band supervision
AIM Analog input module
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASCT Auxiliary summation current transformer
ASD Adaptive Signal Detection
AWG American Wire Gauge standard

BIM Binary input module
BLKDEL Block of delayed fault clearing
BOM Binary output module

BR Binary transfer receive over LDCM
BS British Standard
BSR Binary Signal Receive (SMT) over LDCM

BST Binary Signal Transmit (SMT) over LDCM
BT Binary Transfer Transmit over LDCM
4
C34.97
CAN Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial communi-
cation
CAP 531 Configuration and programming tool
CB Circuit breaker
CBM Combined backplane module

CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephony. A
United Nations sponsored standards body within the International Tele-
communications Union.
CCS Current circuit supervision
CEM Controller area network emulation module
CIM Communication interface module

CMPPS Combined Mega Pulses Per Second
CO cycle Close-Open cycle
Co-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two twisted
pairs making it possible to transmit information in both directions
Contra-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves four twisted
pairs of with two are used for transmitting data in both directions, and
two pairs for transmitting clock signals
CPU Central Processor Unit
CR Carrier Receive
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRL POR carrier for WEI logic
CS Carrier send
CT Current transformer
CT1L1 Input to be used for transmit CT group 1line L1 in signal matrix tool
CT1L1NAM Signal name for CT-group 1line L1 in signal matrix tool
CT2L3 Input to be used for transmission of CT-group 2 line L3 to remote end
CT2N Input to be used for transmission of CT-group 2 neutral N to remote end.
CVT Capacitive voltage transformer
DAR Delayed auto-reclosing
db dead band
DBDL Dead bus dead line
DBLL Dead bus live line
DC Direct Current
DIN-rail Rail conforming to DIN standard
DIP-switch Small switch mounted on a printed circuit board
5
DLLB Dead line live bus
DSP Digital signal processor

DTT Direct transfer trip scheme
EHV network Extra high voltage network
EIA Electronic Industries Association
EMC Electro magnetic compatibility

ENGV1 Enable execution of step one
ENMULT Current multiplier used when THOL is used for two or more lines
EMI Electro magnetic interference

ESD Electrostatic discharge
FOX 20 Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech, data and

protection signals
FOX 512/515 Access multiplexer
FOX 6Plus Compact, time-division multiplexer for the transmission of up to seven

duplex channels of digital data over optical fibers
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
FRRATED Rated system frequency
FSMPL Physical channel number for frequency calculation
G.703 Electrical and functional description for digital lines used by local tele-
phone companies. Can be transported over balanced and unbalanced
lines
G.711 Standard for pulse code modulation of analog signals on digital lines
GCM Communication interface module with carrier of GPS receiver module
GI General interrogation command
GIS Gas insulated switchgear.
GOOSE Generic Object Orientated Substation Event
GPS Global positioning system
GR GOOSE Receive (interlock)
HDLC protocol High level data link control, protocol based on the HDLC standard
HFBR connector type Fibre connector receiver

HMI Human-Machine Interface
HSAR High-Speed Auto-Reclosing
HV High voltage
HVDC High voltage direct current
HysAbsFreq Absolute hysteresis for over and under frequency operation
HysAbsMagn Absolute hysteresis for signal magnitude in percentage of Ubase

HysRelMagn Relative hysteresis for signal magnitude
6
HystAbs Overexcitation level of absolute hysteresis as a percentage
HystRel Overexcitation level of relative hysteresis as a percentage

IBIAS Magnitude of the bias current common to L1, L2 and L3
IDBS Integrating dead-band supervision
IDMT Minimum inverse delay time
IDMTtmin Inverse delay minimum time in seconds

IdMin Operational restrictive characteristic, section 1 sensitivity, multiple Ibase
IDNSMAG Magnitude of negative sequence differential current
Idunre Unrestrained prot. limit multiple of winding1 rated current

ICHARGE Amount of compensated charging current
IEC International Electrical Committee
IEC 186A
IEC 60044-6 IEC Standard, Instrument transformers – Part 6: Requirements for pro-
tective current transformers for transient performance
IEC 60870-5-103 Communication standard for protective equipment. A serial master/slave

protocol for point-to-point communication
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEEE 802.12 A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on twisted-pair
or optical fiber cable
IEEE P1386.1 PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC) standard for local bus modules. References
the CMC (IEEE P1386, also known as Common Mezzanine Card) stan-
dard for the mechanics and the PCI specifications from the PCI SIG
(Special Interest Group) for the electrical
EMF Electro magnetic force
IED Intelligent electronic device
I-GIS Intelligent gas insulated switchgear
IL1RE Real current component, phase L1
IL1IM Imaginary current component, phase L1
IminNegSeq Negative sequence current must be higher than this to be used
INAMPL Present magnitude of residual current

INSTMAGN Magnitude of instantaneous value
INSTNAME Instance name in signal matrix tool
IOM Binary Input/Output module

IPOSIM Imaginary part of positive sequence current
IPOSRE Real component of positve sequence current
IP 20 Enclosure protects against solid foreign objects 12.5mm in diameter and

larger but no protection against ingression of liquid according to
IEC60529. Equivalent to NEMA type 1.
7
IP 40 Enclosure protects against solid foreign objects 1.0mm in diameter or

larger but no protection against ingression of liquid according to
IEC60529.
IP 54 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) according to

IEC 60529. Dust protected. Protected against splashing water. Equiva-
lent to NEMA type 12.
Ip>block Block of the function at high phase current in percentage of base
IRVBLK Block of current reversal function
IRV Activation of current reversal logic

ITU International Telecommunications Union
k2 Time multiplier in IDMT mode
kForIEEE Time multiplier for IEEE inverse type curve

LAN Local area network
LIB 520
LCD Liquid chrystal display
LDCM Line differential communication module
LDD Local detection device
LED Light emitting diode
LNT LON network tool
LON Local operating network
MAGN Magnitude of deadband value
MCB Miniature circuit breaker
MCM Mezzanine carrier module
MIM Milliampere Input Module
MIP
MPPS
MPM Main processing module
MV Medium voltage
MVB Multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally developed

for use in trains
MVsubEna Enable substitution
NegSeqROA Operate angle for internal/external negative sequence fault discrimina-

tor.
NSANGLE Angle between local and remote negative sequence currents
NUMSTEP Number of steps that shall be activated
NX
OCO cycle Open-Close-Open cycle
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
8
PCM Pulse code modulation
PISA Process interface for sensors & actuators

PLD Programmable Logic Device
PMC
POTT Permissive overreach transfer trip
PPS Precise Positioning System

Process bus Bus or LAN used at the process level, that is, in near proximity to the
measured and/or controlled components
PSM Power supply module

PST Parameter setting tool
PT ratio Potential transformer or voltage transformer ratio
PUTT Permissive underreach transfer trip

R1A Source resistance A (near end)
R1B Source resistance B (far end)
RADSS Resource Allocation Decision Support System
RASC Synchrocheck relay, from COMBIFLEX range.
RCA Functionality characteristic angle
REVAL Evaluation software
RFPP Resistance of phase-to-phase faults
RFPE Resistance of phase-to-earth faults
RISC Reduced instruction set computer
RMS value Root mean square value
RS422 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data in

point-to-point connections
RS485 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485
RS530 A generic connector specification that can be used to support RS422,

V.35 and X.21 and others
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
RTC Real Time Clock
SA Substation Automation
SC Switch or push-button to close
SCS Station control system
SLM Serial communication module. Used for SPA/LON/IEC communication

SMA connector Sub Miniature version A connector
SMS Station monitoring system
SPA Strömberg Protection Acquisition, a serial master/slave protocol for

point-to-point communication
9
SPGGIO Single Point Gxxxxx Generic Input/Output
SRY Switch for CB ready condition

ST3UO RMS voltage at neutral point
STL1 Start signal from phase L1
ST Switch or push-button to trip
SVC Static VAr compensation

t1 1Ph Open time for shot 1, single phase
t1 3PhHS Open time for shot 1, high speed reclosing three phase
tAutoContWait Wait period after close command before next shot

tCBCLosedMin Minimum time that the circuit breaker must be closed before new
sequence is permitted
tExtended t1 Open time extended by this value if Extended t1 is true

THL Thermal Overload Line cable
THOL Thermal overload
tInhibit Reset reclosing time for inhibit
tPulse Pulse length for single command outputs
TP Logic Pulse Timer
tReporting Cycle time for reporting of counter value
tRestore Restore time delay
TCS Trip circuit supervision
TNC connector Type of bayonet connector, like BNC connector
TPZ, TPY, TPX, TPS Current transformer class according to IEC
tReclaim Duration of the reclaim time
TRIPENHA Trip by enhanced restrained differential protection
TRIPRES Trip by restrained differential protection
TRL1 Trip signal from phase 1
truck Isolator with wheeled mechanism
tSync Maximum wait time for synchrocheck OK
TTRIP Estimated time to trip (in minutes)
UBase Base setting for phase-phase voltage in kilovolts

U/I-PISA Process interface components that delivers measured voltage and cur-
rent values
UNom Nominal voltage in % of UBase for voltage based timer

UPS Measured signal magnitude (voltage protection)
UTC Coordinated Universal Time. A coordinated time scale, maintained by

the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), which forms the
basis of a coordinated dissemination of standard frequencies and time
signals
10
V.36 Same as RS449. A generic connector specification that can be used to

support RS422 and others
VDC Volts Direct Current
WEI Week-end infeed logic
VT Voltage transformer
VTSZ Block of trip from weak-end infeed logic by an open breaker

X1A Source reactance A (near end)
X1B Source reactance B (far end)
X1L Positive sequence line reactance

X.21 A digital signalling interface primarily used for telecom equipment
XLeak Winding reactance in primary ohms
XOL Zero sequence line reactance

ZCOM-CACC Forward overreaching zone used in the communication scheme
ZCOM-CR Carrier Receive Signal
ZCOM-TRIP Trip from the communication scheme
ZCOM-LCG Alarm Signal LIne-check Guard
11
12
Safety information
Chapter 2 Safety information
About this chapter

This chapter contains safety information. Warning signs are presented which attend the user to
be careful during certain operations in order to avoid human injuries or damage to equipment
13
Warning signs Chapter 2
Safety information
1 Warning signs
Warning!
Strictly follow the company and country safety regulations. Working in a high voltage environ-
ment requires serious approach to avoid human injuries and damage to equipment.
Warning!
Do not touch circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present.
Warning!
Always avoid to touch the circuitry when the cover is removed. The product contains electronic
circuitries which can be damaged if exposed to static electricity (ESD). The electronic circuit-
ries also contain high voltage which is lethal to humans.
Warning!
Always use suitable isolated test pins when measuring signals in open circuitry. Potentially le-
thal voltages and currents are present.
Prohibition!
Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from a IED during normal opera-
tion. Hazardous voltages and currents are present that may be lethal. Operation may be disrupt-
ed and IED and measuring circuitry may be damaged.
Warning!
Always connect the IED to protective earth, regardless of the operating conditions. This also
applies to special occasions such as bench testing, demonstrations and off-site configuration.
Operating the IED without proper earthing may damage both IED and measuring circuitry and
may cause injuries in case of an accident.
Warning!
Never disconnect a secondary connection of current transformer circuit without short-circuiting
the transformer’s secondary winding. Operating a current transformer with the secondary
winding open will cause a massive potential build-up that may damage the transformer and may
cause injuries to humans.
14
Warning signs Chapter 2
Safety information
Warning!
Never remove any screw from a powered IED or from a IED connected to powered circuitry.
Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present.
15
Caution signs Chapter 2
Safety information
2 Caution signs
Caution!
Always transport modules using certified conductive bags. Always handle modules using a con-
ductive wrist strap connected to protective ground and on a suitable antistatic surface. Electro-
static discharge (ESD) may cause damage to the module.
Caution!
Do not connect live wires to the IED. Internal circuitry may be damaged
Caution!
Always use a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground when replacing modules.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may damage the module and IED circuitry.
Caution!
Take care to avoid electrical shock if accessing wiring and connection IEDs when installing and
commissioning.
Caution!
Changing the active setting group will inevitably change the IED’s operation. Be careful and
check regulations before making the change.
16
Note signs Chapter 2
Safety information
3 Note signs
Note!
The protection assembly is designed for a maximum continuous current of four times rated val-
ue.
Note!
Activating the setting lockout function, which prevents unauthorised changes of the settings,
without proper configuration may seriously affect the IED’s operation.
17
Note signs Chapter 2
Safety information
18
Overview
Chapter 3 Overview
About this chapter

This chapter introduces the user to the installation and commissioning tasks.
19
Commissioning and installation overview Chapter 3
Overview
1 Commissioning and installation overview

The settings for each function must be calculated before the commissioning task can start. A
configuration, made in the configuration and programming tool, must also be available if the ter-
minal does not have a factory configuration downloaded.
The terminal is unpacked and visually checked. It is preferably mounted in a cubicle or on a wall.
The connection to the protection system has to be checked in order to verify that the installation
was successful.
The installation and commissioning task starts with configuring the digital communication mod-
ules, if included. The terminal can then be configured and set, which means that settings and a
configuration has to be applied if the terminal does not have a factory configuration downloaded.
Then the operation of each included function according to applied settings has to be verified by
secondary injection. A complete check of the configuration can then be made. A conformity test
of the secondary system has also to be done. When the primary system has been energised a di-
rectionality check should be made.
20
Unpacking and checking the
terminal
Chapter 4 Unpacking and

checking the
terminal
About this chapter

This chapter contains instructions on how to receive the terminal.
21
Receiving, unpacking and checking Chapter 4
Unpacking and checking the
terminal
1 Receiving, unpacking and checking

Procedure
1. Remove the transport casing.
2. Visually inspect the terminal.
3. Check that all items are included in accordance with the delivery
documents.
The user is requested to check that all software functions are included ac-
cording to the delivery documents after the terminal has been energised.
4. Check for transport damages.

In case of transport damage appropriate action must be taken against the
latest carrier and the nearest ABB office or representative should be in-
formed. ABB should be notified immediately if there are any discrepan-
cies in relation to the delivery documents.
Store the terminal in the original transport casing in a dry and dust free
place, if the terminal is not to be installed or commissioned immediately.
Observe the environmental requirements stated in the technical data.
22
Installing the terminal
Chapter 5 Installing the

terminal
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to install the terminal.
23
Overview Chapter 5
1 Overview
The mechanical and electrical environmental conditions at the installation site must be within
permissible range according to the technical data of the terminal. Dusty, damp places, places li-
able to rapid temperature variations, powerful vibrations and shocks, surge voltages of high am-
plitude and fast rise time, strong induced magnetic fields or similar extreme conditions should
be avoided.
Sufficient space must be available in front of and at rear of the terminal to allow access for main-
tenance and future modifications. Flush mounted terminals should be mounted so that terminal
modules can be added and replaced without excessive demounting.
24
Mounting the terminal Chapter 5
2 Mounting the terminal

Most of the REx 5xx terminals can be rack, flush, semi-flush or wall mounted with the use of
different mounting kits. An additional box of type RHGS can be mounted to one side of a 1/2 or
3/4 terminal. The 19-inch 1/1 wide terminal cannot be semi-flush mounted because the mount-
ing distance frame will cover the ventilation openings at the top and bottom.
A suitable mounting kit is available. Mounting kits include instruction sheets and all parts need-
ed including screws. The following mounting kits are available:
• 19-inch rack mounting kits, 1/2, 3/4 and 1/1 terminal width variants. See section
2.1 "Mounting in a 19-inch rack".
• Side-by-side mounting kit. See section 2.2 "Mounting in a 19-inch rack with an
additional box type RHGS".
• Flush mounting kit. See section 2.3 "Mounting in a flush or semi-flush installa-
tion".
• Semi-flush mounting kit. See section 2.3 "Mounting in a flush or semi-flush in-
stallation".
• Wall mounting kit. See section 2.4 "Mounting on a wall".
25
2.1 Mounting in a 19-inch rack
(98000037)
PosNo Description
1 and 4 Mounting angle
2 and 3 TORX T20 screws
Figure 1: 19-inch rack mounting
26
Procedure
1. Carefully fasten the mounting angles to the sides of the terminal.
Use the TORX T20 screws available in the mounting kit.
2. Place the terminal assembly in the rack.

3. Fasten the mounting angles with appropriate screws.
2.2 Mounting in a 19-inch rack with an additional box type RHGS

Make sure a side-by-side mounting kit and a suitable 19-inch rack mounting kit are available
before proceeding.
Assemble the two terminals by using a side-by-side mounting kit. Then mount the brackets and
install the assembled terminals in the rack as described in section 2.1 "Mounting in a 19-inch
rack".
2
1
xx03000028.vsd
PosNo Description
1 Side-by-side mounting plate
2 Screws (TORX T20)
3 Mounting angle
Figure 2: Side-by-side assembly
Procedure
1. Place the two terminals next to each other on a flat surface.
27
2. Fasten a side-by-side mounting plate (PosNo 1).

Use four of the delivered screws.
3. Carefully turn the two terminals up-side down.

4. Fasten the second side-by-side mounting plate.
Use the remaining four screws.
5. Follow the instructions in section 2.1 "Mounting in a 19-inch rack" to

mount the mounting angles (PosNo 5) and install the side-by-side
assembly in the rack.
2.3 Mounting in a flush or semi-flush installation

Make sure a flush or semi-flush mounting kit is available before proceeding.
The procedure for flush and semi-flush mounting is mainly the same. In semi-flush mounts a
distance frame is added. The delivered mounting seal is only necessary to fulfil IP 54.
28
2
1
5
6
xx00000129.eps
PosNo Description
1 Sealing strip
2 Distance frame (only for semi-flush)
3 Sealing strip for distance frame (only for semi-flush)
4 Side holder
5 Groove
6 Locking screw (TORX T10)
Figure 3: Flush and semi-flash mounting
Note!
Flush or semi-flush mount cannot be used for side-by-side mounted terminals when IP 54 must
be fulfilled.
29
Procedure
1. Cut the sealing strip in appropriate lengths.
The strip is delivered with the mounting kit. In the semi-flush mounting
kit two strips are delivered, one for the terminal and one self-adhering for
the distance frame. The length of the strip is enough for the largest avail-
able terminal.
Cut the strip into four, one part for each side of the terminal. When cut-
ting, make sure no gaps will be present between each part. Preferably,
seal the joints at the corners (posNo 1).
Repeat the procedure for the self-adhering strip which are to be adhered
to the distance frame.
2. Dispose the strip remains.

The remains should be source separated as soft plastic.
3. Carefully press the cut strips into the front panel groove.
4. Adhere the cut strips (posNo 3) to the edge of the distance frame
(posNo 2).
semi-flush mounting only.
5. Make a panel cut-out.

See the Technical reference manual for cut-out dimensions.
6. Insert the terminal into the cut-out.

7. Add and lock the side holders (PosNo 4) to the terminal.
Thread a side holder into the groove (posNo 5) at the back end of the ter-
minal. Insert and lightly fasten the locking screw (posNo 6). Next, thread
a side holder on the other side of the terminal, and lightly fasten its lock-
ing screw.
Repeat this with the remaining two side holders.
8. Lock the terminal to the cut-out.

Firmly tighten the locking screws. It is important that all four side holder
locking screws are tightened the same in order to maintain a good and
even seal in IP 54 environments.
2.4 Mounting on a wall

The mounting bars are prepared for adding DIN-rails or equivalent above and below the mount-
ed terminal. If used, make sure all necessary parts such as rails and terminal blocks are available
before starting. Make sure the wall mounting kit is available.
30
xx00000130.eps
PosNo Description
1 Mounting bar
2 Side plate
Figure 4: Wall mounting
2.4.1 Mounting the terminal on a wall
Procedure
1. Mount the bars (posNo 1) onto the wall.
See the Technical reference manual for measurements.
Depending on the wall different preparations may be needed, like drilling

and inserting plastic or expander plugs (concrete/plasterboard walls) or
threading (metal sheet wall).
2. Mount the DIN-rail(s) on the mounting bars.

3. Mount the terminal blocks on the DIN-rail(s).
It is much easier to do this without the unit in place.
31
4. Make all external electrical connections to the terminal blocks.

It is much easier to do this without the unit in place.
5. Mount the side plates (posNo 2) to the terminal.

6. Mount the terminal to the mounting bars.
2.4.2 Preparing a wall mounted terminal for electrical installation
Procedure
1. Remove all screws from one side plate.
2. Remove two screws from the other side plate.
3. Careful swing the terminal out from the wall.
See figure 5.
xx99000287
Figure 5: View from above over a wall mounted terminal that is pre-
pared for electrical connection.
32
Making the electrical connections Chapter 5
3 Making the electrical connections

Always make sure established guidelines for this type of terminal is followed during installation.
When necessary use screened twisted-pair cables to minimize susceptibility. Otherwise use any
kind of regular nonscreened tinned cable or equivalent.
When using screened cabling always use 360° full screen cable bushings to ensure screen cou-
pling. Ensure that all signals of a single circuit are in the same single cable. Avoid mixing current
and voltage measuring signals in the same cable. Also use separate cables for control and mea-
suring circuits.
Note!
Screened and twisted pair cables are a requirement for galvanic communications in application
with 56/64 kbit/s. The screen must be earthed according to figures in the sections “Making the
screen connection” and “Installing the communication cables”.
3.1 Connecting the CT circuits

CTs are connected using back-side mounted screw connectors.
Use a solid conductor with a cross section area between 2.5-6 mm2 (AWG14-10) or a stranded
conductor with a cross section area between 2.5-4 mm2.
If the terminal is equipped with a test-switch of type RTXP 24 COMBIFLEX wires with 20 A
sockets must be used to connect the CT circuits.
3.2 Connecting the auxiliary power, VT and signal connectors

Auxiliary power, VTs and signals are connected using COMBICON (Phoenix technology)
plug-in screw connectors.
Procedure
1. Connect signals to the COMBICON plug.
2. Plug the connector to the corresponding back-side mounted recept-
able.
3. Lock the plug to the receptable by fastening the lock screws.
Use a solid or stranded conductor with a cross section area between
0.5-2.5 mm2 (AWG20-14). Use a ferrule with plastic collar to connect
two conductors, cross section area between 0.5-1.5 mm2 (AWG20-16).
33
X20
X20:5
(98000035)
Figure 6: Voltage connector, showing connection point X20:5
Where: 1 is ferrule
Figure 7: Connected cables with ferrules
34
If the terminal is equipped with a test-switch of type RTXP 24 COMBIFLEX wires with 20 A
sockets must be used to connect the VT circuits and the auxiliary power.
3.3 Connecting to protective earth

Connect the unit to the earthing bar of the cubicle with a green/yellow conductor, cross section
at least 1.5 mm2 (AWG16), connected to the protective earth connector at the back of the termi-
nal.
3.4 Making the screen connection

When using screened cables always make sure screens are earthed and connected in according
to applicable engineering methods. This may include checking for appropriate earthing points
near the terminal, for instance, in the cubicle and/or near the source of measuring. Ensure that
earth connections are made with short (max. 10 cm) conductors of an adequate cross section, at
least 6 mm2 (AWG10) for single screen connections.
Lc Cc Lc
Rx Tx
External
IED
Equipment
Tx Rx
Sc Sc
en03000087.vsd
35
Installing the optical fibres Chapter 5
4 Installing the optical fibres

Connectors are generally color coded; connect blue or dark grey cable connectors to blue or dark
grey (receive) back-side connectors. Connect black or grey cable connectors to black or grey
(transmit) back-side connectors.
Caution!
The fibre optical cables are very sensitive to handling. Do not bend too sharply. The minimum
curvature radius is 15 cm for the plastic fibre cables and 25 cm for the glass fibre cables. If cable
straps are used to fix the cables, apply with loose fit.
Always hold the connector, never the cable, when connecting or disconnecting optical fibres. Do
not twist, pull or bend the fibre. Invisible damage may increase fibre attenuation thus making
communication impossible.
Note!
Please, strictly follow the instructions from the manufacturer for each type of optical ca-
bles/connectors.
36
Installing the serial communication cable for Chapter 5
RS485 SPA/IEC Installing the terminal
5 Installing the serial communication cable for

RS485 SPA/IEC
5.1 RS485 serial communication module
Up
A
B
1)
1)
1)
GND
en03000109.vsd
Where:
A Signal A
B Signal B
1) Do not use
GND Ground
Figure 8: Pin arrangement on modem terminal. Baud rate: 9600
The distance between earth points should be < 100 m, see figure 9. Only the outer shielding is
connected to the protective earth at the terminal. The inner and outer shieldings are connected
to the protective earth at the external equipment. Use insulating tape for the inner shield to pre-
vent contact with the protective earth. Make sure that the terminals are properly earthed with as
short connections as possible from the earth screw, for example to an earthed frame.
The terminal and the external equipment should preferably be connected to the same battery.
37
Cc 1)
Cc
A B A B A B
External
Terminal Terminal
Equipment (PC)
PE PE PE PE 1)
en03000111.vsd
Where:
1 The inner shields shall be connected together (with an isolated terminal block) and only have one
earthing point in the whole system, preferably at the external equipment (PC).
The outer shield shall be connected to Protective Earth (PE) in every cable end i.e. to PE at all
relay terminals and to PE at External equipment (PC). The first terminal will have only one cable
end but all others of course two.
Cc Communication cable
PE Protective earth screw
Figure 9: Communication cable installation
38
en03000110.vsd
Where:
1 is cable
2 is screw
Figure 10: Cable contact, Phoenix: MSTB2.5/6-ST-5.08 1757051
The EIA standard RS-485 specifies the RS485 network. An informative excerpt is given in sec-
tion 5.2.
5.2 Informative excerpt from EIA Standard RS-485

Informative excerpt from EIA Standard RS-485 - Electrical Characteristics of Generators and
Receivers for Balanced Digital Multipoint Systems
RS-485 Wire - Media dependent Physical layer
1 Normative references
EIA Standard RS-485 - Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Balanced Digital
Multipoint Systems
2 Transmission method
RS-485 differential bipolar signaling
2.1 Differential signal levels
Two differential signal levels are defined:
A+ =line A positive with respect to line B
A- =line A negative with respect to line B
2.2 Galvanic isolation
The RS485 circuit shall be isolated from earth by:
Riso ≥ 10 MΩ
Ciso ≤ 10 pF
39
Three isolation options exist:

a) The entire node electronics can be galvanically isolated
b) The bus interface circuit can be isolated form the rest of node electronics by optoisola-
tors, transformer coupling or otherwise.
c) The RS485 chip can include built-in isolation
2.3 Bus excitation and signal conveyance
2.3.1 Requirements
a) The RS485 specification requires the Signal A and Signal B wires.
b) Each node also requires (5 V) Excitation of the RS485 termination network.
c) Vim - the common mode voltage between any pair of RS485 chips may not exceed 10 V.
d) A physical ground connection between all RS485 circuits will reduce noise.
2.3.2 Bus segment termination network
The termination network below required at each end of each Bus Ph-segment.
ExV+
Ru = 390 ohm
1/4 W, 2%
Signal B
Rt = 220 ohm
1/4 W, 2%
Signal A
Rd = 390 ohm
1/4 W, 2%
DGND
ExV is supplied by the Node at end of the Bus Segment
en03000112.vsd
Figure 11: RS-485 bus segment termination

ExV is supplied by the Node at end of the Bus Segment
The specifications of the components are:

a) Ru + 5 V to Signal B = 390 Ω, 0.25 W ±2.5%
b) Rt Signal B to Signal A = 220 Ω, 0.25 W ±2.5%
c) Rd Signal A to GND = 390 Ω, 0.25 W ±2.5%
2.3.3 Bus power distribution

The end node in each Ph-segment applies 5 V bus excitation power to the Termination network via
the Excitation pair (ExV+ and GND) used in the Type 3 Physical layer specification.
40
5.3 Data on RS485 serial communication module cable
Type: Twisted-pair S-STP (Screened – Screened Twisted Pair)

Shield: Individual foil for each pair with overall copper braid
Length: Maximum 100 m from one system earth to the next system earth (includes length
from platform point to system earth on both sides)
Temp: According to application
Impedance: 120 Ω
Capacitance: Less than or equal to 42 pF/m
Example: Belden 9841
41
Installing the 56/64 kbit data communication Chapter 5
cables Installing the terminal
6 Installing the 56/64 kbit data communication

cables
When using galvanic connection between protection terminal and communication equipment or
point to point galvanic connection between two protection terminals it is essential that the cable
installation is carefully done. This is true regardless of type of module used, G.703, V.36, short
range galvanic etc., only the possible length of the cable differs. The factors that must be taken
into account are the susceptibility for noise disturbance, due to that the levels of the communi-
cation signal are very low.
For best result a cable with twisted pairs and double screens should be used, one screen for each
twisted pair and one surrounding all pairs. Each signal shall utilizie its own twisted pair as in
figure 12. The screen for each separate pair shall be connected to internal screen or ground con-
nection of equipment in one and the same end only, if available, or in other case connected to
earth close to the equipment.
The outer screen surrounding all pairs shall be connected to a solid earth at each end close to the
equipment.
Note also that recommendation about cable lengths given for modules according ITU/EIA inter-
face, excluding the short range galvanic module, are under the assumption that the two devices,
the protection terminal and the communication terminal, are within the same building and that
the earthing system of the building is of good quality. It also presumes that the environment is
relatively free from electromagnetic interference.
42
Lc Cc Lc
Rx Tx
External
IED
Equipment
Tx Rx
Sc Sc
en03000087.vsd
Cc Communication cable
Lc Line connector
Rx Receive input
Sc Screen (or earth/ground) connection
Tx Transmit output
Figure 12: Communication cable installation
43
44
Checking the external circuitry
Chapter 6 Checking the

external circuitry
About this chapter

This chapter describes what to check and which checks that should be made to ensure a correct
connection to the external circuitry, such as auxiliary power supply, CT’s and VT’s. These
checks must be made with the protection terminal de-energised.
45
Overview Chapter 6
1 Overview
The user must check the installation which includes verifying that the terminal is connected to
the other parts of the protection system. This is done with the terminal and all connected circuits
de-energised.
46
Checking the CT and VT circuits Chapter 6
2 Checking the CT and VT circuits

Check that the wiring is in strict accordance with the supplied wiring diagram.
Note!
Do not continue further until any errors are corrected.
Test the circuitry. The following tests are recommended:
• Polarity check.
• CT circuit current measurement (primary injection test).
• Earthing check.
The polarity check verifies the integrity of the circuits and the phase relationship. The check
should be performed as close as possible to the terminal.
The primary injection test verifies the CT ratio and the wiring all the way through from the pri-
mary system to the terminal. Injection must be performed for each phase-to-neutral circuit and
each phase-to-phase pair. In each case currents in all phases and the neutral line are measured.
47
Checking the power supply Chapter 6
3 Checking the power supply

Check that the value of the auxiliary supply voltage remains within the permissible range under
all operating conditions. Check that the polarity is correct.
48
Checking the binary I/O circuits Chapter 6
4 Checking the binary I/O circuits
4.1 Binary input circuits

Preferably, disconnect the binary input connector from the binary input cards. Check all con-
nected signals so that both input level and polarity are in accordance with the terminal’s speci-
fications.
4.2 Binary output circuits

Preferably, disconnect the binary output connector from the binary output cards. Check all con-
nected signals so that both load and polarity are in accordance with the terminal’s specifications.
49
Checking the binary I/O circuits Chapter 6
50
Energising the terminal
Chapter 7 Energising the

terminal
About this chapter

This chapter describes the start up sequence and what to check after the terminal has been eneri-
gsed.
51
Overview Chapter 7
1 Overview
Before the procedures in this chapter can be carried out the connection to external circuitry must
have been checked which ensures that the installation was made correctly.
The user must energise the power supply to the terminal to start it up. This could be done in num-
ber of ways, from energising a whole cubicle to energising a single terminal. The user should
reconfigure the terminal to activate the hardware modules in order to enable the self supervision
function detect eventual hardware errors. Then the terminal time must be set. The self supervi-
sion function should also be checked to verify that the terminal unit operates properly. The user
could also check the software version, the terminals serial number and the installed modules and
their ordering number to ensure that the terminal is according to delivery and ordering specifi-
cations.
52
Energising the terminal Chapter 7
2 Energising the terminal

When the terminal is energised the window on the local HMI remains dark. After 10 seconds the
green LED starts flashing and after approximately 30 seconds the window lights up. After an-
other 10 seconds the window displays ‘Terminal Startup’ and after about 30 seconds the main
menu is displayed. The upper row should indicate ‘Ready’. A steady green light indicates a suc-
cessful startup.
1 2 3 4 5
t (s)
0 10 30 40 70
xx02000679.vsd
1 Terminal energised. Liquide Crystal Display (LCD) is dark.

2 Green Light Emitting Diod (LED) starts flashing
3 LCD lights up
4 "Terminal startup" is displayed
5 The main menu is displayed. A steady green light indicates a successful startup.
Figure 13: Typical terminal startup sequence
If the upper row in the window indicates ‘Fail’ instead of ‘Ready’ and the green LED is flashing
an internal failure in the terminal has been detected. See the self supervision function in this
chapter to investigate the fault.
After startup the appearance of the local HMI should be as shown in figure 14.
53
Energising the terminal Chapter 7
LEDs
green yellow red
Liquid Crystal Display

Ready Start Trip four rows
REx 5xx Ver X.X 16 characters/row
C=Quit
E=Enter menu
Optical connector C
Push buttons
for local PC
E
en00000422.vsd
Figure 14: Example of the local HMI531.
54
Checking the self supervision signals Chapter 7
3 Checking the self supervision signals
3.1 Reconfiguring the terminal

I/O modules configured as logical I/O modules (BIM, BOM, IOM, DCM, IOPSM or MIM) are
supervised. Not configured I/O modules are not supervised.
Each logical I/O module has an error flag that is set if anything is wrong with any signal or the
whole module. The error flag is also set when there is no physical I/O module of the correct type
present in the connected slot.
Procedure
1. Browse to the ‘Reconfigure’ menu.
The Reconfigure menu is located in the local HMI under:
Configuration/I/O-modules/Reconfigure
2. Select ‘Yes’ and press ‘E’.
3.2 Setting the terminal time

This procedure describes how to set the terminal time.
1. Display the set time dialog.

Navigate the menus to:
Settings/Time
Press the E button to enter the dialog.
2. Set the date and time.

Use the Left and Right arrow buttons to move between the time and date
values (year, month, day, hours, minutes and seconds). Use the Up and
Down arrow buttons to change the value.
3. Confirm the setting.

Press the E button to set the calendar and clock to the new values.
3.3 Checking the self supervision function

3.3.1 Navigating the menus
This procedure describes how to navigate the menus in order to find the reason of an internal
failure when indicated by the flashing green LED of the HMI module.
55
Checking the self supervision signals Chapter 7
Procedure
1. Display the self supervision menu.
Navigate the menus to:
TerminalReport
SelfSuperv
2. Scroll the supervision values to identify the reason of the failure.

Use the Left and/or Right arrow buttons to scroll between values.
3.4 Self supervision HMI data

Table 1: Output signals for the self supervision function
Indicated result Possible reason Proposed action
InternFail = OK No problem detected. None.
InternFail = Fail A failure has occurred. Check the rest of the indicated results to find the
fault.
InternWarning = OK No problem detected. None.
InternWarning = Warning A warning has been Check the rest of the indicated results to find the
issued. fault.
MPM-modFail = OK No problem detected. None.
MPM-modFail = Fail The main processing mod- Contact your ABB representative for service.
ule has failed.
MPM-modWarning = OK No problem detected. None.
MPM-modWarning = There is a problem with: Set the clock.
Warning • the real time clock. If the problem persists, contact your ABB repre-
• the time synchroniza- sentative for service.
tion.
ADC-module = OK No problem detected. None.
ADC-module = Fail The A/D conversion mod- Contact your ABB representative for service.
ule has failed.
Slot04BIM1 = Fail I/O module has failed. Check that the I/O module has been configured
(Example data, see fol- and connected to the IOP1- block.
lowing section for details) If the problem persists, contact your ABB repre-
sentative for service.
RealTimeClock = OK No problem detected. None.
RealTimeClock = Warn- The real time clock has Set the clock.
ing been reset.
TimeSync = OK No problem detected. None.
TimeSync = Warning No time synchronization. Check the synchronization source for problems.
If the problem persists, contact your ABB repre-
sentative for service.
56
Configuring the 56/64 kbit data
communication modules
Chapter 8 Configuring the

56/64 kbit data
communication mo
dules
About this chapter

This chapter contains instructions on how to configure the 56/64 kbit data communication mod-
ules, such as galvanic and optical modems.
57
Configuring the fibre optical modem Chapter 8
1 Configuring the fibre optical modem

Two different levels of optical output power can be set on the HMI under:
Configuration/TerminalCom/RemTermCom/OptoPower
For the optical module, the optical output power has to be set according to the total attenuation
of the fibre optic link.
Note!
Total attenuation is fibers, contacts, splices etc.
For multimode fibres:
• If the total attenuation is less than 3 dB, use Low power setting
• If the total attenuation is higher than 3 dB, use High power setting
For single-mode fibres:
• If the total attenuation is less than 2 dB, use Low power setting
• If the total attenuation is higher than 2 dB, use High power setting
For optimal operation, the optical communication modules in both terminals must be synchro-
nized. To achieve this, one terminal acts as a Master and the other as a Slave. This is set under:
Configuration/TerminalCom/RemTermCom/CommSync
Note!
This is an additional setting and should not be mixed up with the Master-Slave setting for the
differential protection function.
When communicating with FOX 515 Plus, the setting should be Master for version 2.0 and high-
er. Slave for version 1.1 and 1.2.
When operating back-to-back over dedicated fibres the setting shall be Master on one terminal
and Slave on the other.
58
Calculation of optical power budget Chapter 8
2 Calculation of optical power budget

Refer to table 2 and table 3 for maximum distance in a back-to-back application
Table 2: Input data for calculation of optical power budget

General data Attenuation
Type of optical Tx/Rx-module 0
Bit rate 64 kbit/s
Transmission code MCMI
Optical fibre Single mode
Optical connector FC-PC
Optical wavelength 1300 nm
Spectral bandwidth 30.0 nm
Transmitter Tx LED
Optical min output power (S) -22 dBm
Receiver Rx Pin Diode
Sensitivity for BER 0 1010 (R) -38 dBm
Available power budget -16 dB
Table 3: Examples of optical power budget calculation

Terminal equipment Example 1 Example 2
Available power budget (S_R) 16 dB 16 dB
Equipment margin Included Included
Type of optical connectors FC-PC for single mode
Terminal box
Patch panel connectors FC-PC for single mode 0 0
Connectors for S-R 0.5 dB each Included Included
Total available optical power 16 dB 16 dB
Optical cable
Type of optical fibre Single mode 1300 nm
Fibre attenuation (installed) 0.22 dB/km 0.34 dB/km
Splice attenauation 0.08 dB per splice
Av. cable length between splices 3.0 km
Average number of splices 0.33 splice/km 0.027 dB/km 0.027 dB/km
Number of repair splices 0.10 splice/km 0.008 dB/km 0.008 dB/km
Fibre margin 0.010 dB/km 0.010dB/km
Total fibre attenuation per km 0.265 dB/km 0.385 dB/km
Maximum optical transmission dis- 60 km 41 km
tance
59
Configuring the short range fibre optical Chapter 8
modem Configuring the 56/64 kbit data
3 Configuring the short range fibre optical modem

No setting is available for the short range fibre optical modem on the HMI. There are however
some settings that can be made on a DIP-switch located behind the cover around the fibre optic
connectors at the back of the terminal according to figure 15. After the fibres have been discon-
nected, if attached, the cover plate can be removed by pulling the middle of the cover plate.
Note!
If handled carefully the cover plate can be removed with the fibres attached.
RXD TXD
DSR CTS
Fibre optic DCD RTS
connectors RA MA
LO LA
Cover Sync Sync
plate
On Off
1
2
3
4
Reset
xx00000552.vsd
Figure 15: Setting and indications for the short range optical modem
Switch 3 and 4 are used to set the source of timing. The function is according to the setting of
timing signal, table 4. When using the modem for optical point-to-point transmission, one mo-
dem should be set for locally created timing and the other for timing recovered from the received
signal. When the modems are communicating with a transceiver 21-15X or 16X the modems
shall be set for timing recovered from received optical signal, see setting of timing signal.
Note!
After any change of settings, the modem has to be reset by the Reset button located below the
DIP-switch.
60
Table 4: Setting of the timing signal

Switch no. Function
3 4
OFF OFF Timing created by the modem
OFF ON Timing recovered from received optical signal
ON OFF Timing created by the MPM module
ON ON No timing, the data transmission will not work
There are also some jumpers on the circuit board that have to be correctly set. One, S4 according
to figure 17, is for changing the functionality between article number 1MRK 001 370-BA deliv-
ered with version 1.1, 1.2 and 2.0.(marked 1MRK001471-BA) and 1MRK 001 370-DA deliv-
ered with version 2.3 and higher (marked 1MRK001471-DA). The difference between these two
is that the transmitted and received signals are inverted in relation to one another.
When a terminal of version 1.1, 1.2 or 2.0 is to communicate with a terminal of version 2.3 or
higher it is necessary that the jumper is changed to 1 MRK 001 370-BA in the version 2.3 ter-
minal. This is because older versions of this module lack the capacity to set article number, they
are set in 1 MRK 001 370-BA. If both terminals however include modules with capacity to
change article number it actually doesn’t matter which article number is used as long as the same
number is used in both terminals.
The other jumper is S3 and must be in the position indicated in figure 17. If it is in the top posi-
tion the communication will not work. (In top position the transmit clock is supposed to be cre-
ated in the CPU on the MPM module which is not possible). On JTAG/ISP there shall be no
jumpers inserted.
Note!
When using the set up in figure 16 only at one end and for example a direct G.703 connection
at the other end a short range fibre optical modem according to 1MRK 001 370-DA must be
used.
Optical
fibres 21-15X/16X V.35/36 (15X)
REx5xx X.21 (16X)
G.703 (16X)
xx00000542vsd
Figure 16: Multiplexed link, short range fibre optical connection
61
1
S3
JTAG/ISP
1MRK001471-BA 1
S4
1MRK001471-DA 2
xx01000138.vsd
1 Delivered with version 1.1, 1.2 and 2.0

2 Delivered with version 2.3 or higher
Figure 17: Jumper location on short range optical modem
The jumpers are accessible after the modem has been pulled out. This is done by first removing
all green 18-pin connectors at the back, then remove all screws holding the back plate. After the
back plate has been removed the modem can be pulled out.
Note!
Pull out the modem only and not the whole double size Euro-card. After the jumper settings have
been changed put everything back in reverse order.
Note!
All electronics are sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Proper action must be taken at the work
place to avoid electrostatic discharge! Disconnect DC.
There are LEDs for supervision of the communication channel that can be seen when the cover
around the fibre optic connectors is removed. These LED’s are found above the DIP-switches.
The function of the LED’s is explained in table 5.
62
Table 5: Indications
LED Color Explanation
RTS Yellow Request to send
CTS Yellow Clear to send
DSR Yellow Data communication correct
DCD Yellow Detection of carrier signal
TXD Yellow Transmitted data
RXD Yellow Received data
RA Red Remotely detected problem with link
MA Red Memory function for problem with link
LO Green Link operation correctly
LA Red Locally detected problem with link
Sync Green Used when synchronization is selected
63
Configuring the short range galvanic modem Chapter 8
4 Configuring the short range galvanic modem

No setting is available for the short range galvanic modem on the HMI. There are however some
settings that can be made on the DIP-switch located behind the cover around the line connector
at the back of the terminal as shown in figure 18. After the connector has been disconnected, if
attached, the cover plate can be removed by pulling the middle of the cover plate. No settings
are located on the circuit board.
Line 1
connector 2 Off On
3 1
4 2
Cover 5 3
plate
4
DCD
RD
TD
xx00000555.vsd
Figure 18: Setting and indications for short range galvanic modem
Only switch 1 and 2 are used on the DIP-switch. The function is dependant on the setting of the
timing signal, see table 6. In normal operation switch 1 is set in ON position at one end of the
communication channel and switch 2 is set ON at the other end. The rest of the switches are set
to OFF.
Table 6: Setting of timing signal

Switch no. Function
1 2
OFF OFF Unpredictable, normally locally created timing
OFF ON Timing recovered from received signal
ON OFF Locally created timing
ON ON Timing recovered from received signal
There are also LEDs for the supervision of the communication channel that can be seen when
the cover around the fibre optic connectors is removed. These LED’s are found below the
DIP-switch. The function of the LED’s is explained in table 7.
64
Configuring the short range galvanic modem Chapter 8
LED Explanation
DCD Detection of carrier signal
TD Transmitted data
RD Received data
65
Configure the interface modules for V.36, Chapter 8
X.21 and RS530 Configuring the 56/64 kbit data
5 Configure the interface modules for V.36,

X.21 and RS530
The connector for X.21 is a 15 pin DSUB according to the X.21 standard. For RS530 the con-
nector is a 25 pin DSUB according to the RS530 standard. The same 25 pin DSUB is also used
for the V.36 connection contrary to the 37 pin DSUB listed in the standard. The pin lay-out is
shown in figure 19 and pin designations are explained in table 19.
V.36, RS530
13
25 12 TCLK DCE (B)
X.21
TCLK DTE(A) 24 11 TCLK DTE (B)
DTE READY(B)* 23 10
22 9 RCLK (B)
21 8
8 GND
15 DTE READY(A) 20 7 GND
7
14 REQ SEND (B)* 19 6
6 RCLK
RCLK(B) 13 18 5
5
12 RCLK(A) 17 4 REQ SEND (A)
4 RXD(A)
RXD(B) 11 RXD(B) 16 3 RXD (A)
3
10 TCLK DCE(A) 15 2 TXD (A)
2 TXD (A)
TXD (B) 9 TXD (B) 14 1 SCREEN
1 SCREEN
* not for V.36

15 pin DSUB 25 pin DSUB
xx00000544.vsd
Figure 19: DSUB connectors
Table 8: DSUB connector explanation

Designation Explanation
A Designations of terminals according to ITU (CCITT), EIA etc.
B Designations of terminals according to ITU (CCITT), EIA etc.
DCE Data communication equipment (= multiplexer, etc.)
DTE Data terminal equipment (= protection)
DTE READY Data terminal ready (follows auxiliary voltage)
GND Earth (reference for signals)
RCLK Receiver signal timing
REQ SEND Request to send (follows auxiliary voltage)
66
Configure the interface modules for V.36, Chapter 8
X.21 and RS530 Configuring the 56/64 kbit data
Designation Explanation
RXD Received data
SCREEN Connection of cable screen
TCLK DCE Transmitter signal timing from DCE
TCLK DTE Transmitter signal timing from DTE
TXD Transmitter data
For the co-directional operation the transmission rate of the transmitted signal must be set.This
setting, 56 or 64 kbit/s, is done on the HMI under:
Configuration/TerminalCom/RemTermCom/BitRate
For X.21 and contra-directional operation no settings are available.
For the signals used by the protection, the communication module for V.36 also fulfils the older
recommendation for V.35.
67
Configuring the interface modules for Chapter 8
G.703 co-directional Configuring the 56/64 kbit data
6 Configuring the interface modules for

G.703 co-directional
No setting is available for the G.703 modem on the HMI. There are however some settings that
can be made on a DIP-switch located behind the cover around the line connector at the back of
the terminal according to figure 20. After the connector has been disconnected, if attached, the
cover plate can be removed just by pulling at the middle of the cover plate. No settings are lo-
cated on the circuit board.
Only switch 1 is used on the DIP-switch. In the ON position, transmission timing is generated
internally in the modem. In the OFF position, transmission timing is generated by the received
G.703 signal. Normally the OFF position shall be used when the terminal is connected to a mul-
tiplexer or other communication equipment.If used in back to back operation switch 1 is set in
ON position at one end and in OFF position at the other end. The rest of the switches shall be
set to OFF.
There are also LEDs for supervision of the communication channel that can be seen when the
cover around the fibre optic connectors is removed. These LED’s are located below the
DIP-switch. The function of the LED’s isexplained in table 9.
A 1
2
3
B 4
TXD
5
RXD
On
1
2
3
4
xx01000137.vsd
A Line connector
B Cover plate
Figure 20: G.703 modem, indications and settings
LED Explanation
TD Transmitted data
RD Received data
68
Fault tracing Chapter 8
7 Fault tracing
Procedure
1. Check that the settings are correct.
2. Check that the optical budget is correct.
3. COMFAIL occurs for the following reasons:
The COMFAIL signal will be triggered when there is a problem in the communication link be-
tween the two terminals, depending on type of 56/64 modem. Also, normal actions such as a
change of setting, switch off of remote terminal during maintenance etc., can cause COMFAIL.
7.0.1 Comfail function
COMFAIL triggering according to table
COMFAIL t
Drop-out delay; t = 200ms

en03000125.vsd
Figure 21: Comfail triggering.
The 200 ms alarm dropout delay is, for example, required as hysteresis for terminals with reserve
overcurrent, REL 551 or distance reserve function REL 561, if the differential function is
blocked by communication delays and interruptions etc.
The communication failure signal, COMFAIL, depends on the following internal signals (vari-
ables) in each terminal for REx 5xx. Table 10 shows a summary with additional explanations
below.
69
Table 10: Summary

No. COMFAIL triggering COMFAIL trigger- Remark
ing time
(Drop-out delay
200 ms)
1 Transmit error ≥ 50 ms Messages can not be sent
2 Receive error ≥ 100 ms No valid messages received
3 Block differential protection 0 ms Block of the differential protection due to set-
ting changes etc.
4 Remote terminal COMFAIL 0 ms COMFAIL from the remote terminal. For error
no 1, 2, 3, and no 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 the COM-
FAIL is sent in the second consecutive mes-
sage (within 10 ms)
5 Time synchronization error ≥2s Problems in the synchronization of internal
differential clock in the differential protection.
The clock refers to the synchronized counters
0-39999 μs in each terminal. The clock is
independent of the real time clock in the ter-
minal.
6 Differential clock drift > 0 ms Unacceptable drift of the internal differential
clock in the slave terminal compared to the
internal differential clock in the master termi-
nal (slave- master -slave)
7 Communication channel loop 0 ms Checks if the loop time (slave - master -slave)
delay - instantaneous in the differential communication channel 31
ms
8 Communication channel loop ≥2s Checks if the loop time (local - remote- local)
delay - time delayed in the differential communication channel 24
ms
9 Abnormal clock deviation 0 ms Internal differential clock deviation (slave-
master - slave)
10 Data flow 0 ms Long time between attempts to send mes-
Only in version *2.3 sages and adjustment of the real time termi-
nal clock . The terminal clock is the real time
clock in the terminal for time tagging of events
etc.
7.0.2 Explanation of contents in column 2 of table 42

1. Transmit errors are due to that the terminal cannot send messages via the tele-
communication channel (PCM). The line differential function initiates the send-
ing of one message every 5 ms. If this command can not be executed for 10
consecutive times (= 10 x 5 ms) due to blocked, missing or unsynchronized com-
munication channel, COMFAIL is triggered. For non-consecutive interruptions,
an integration algorithm is used that prolongs the COMFAIL triggering time.
2. Receive errors occur when no expected messages are received. The line differen-
tial function expects to receive one message every 5 ms. If this does not occur 10
consecutive times (= 10x5 ms), COMFAIL is triggered. For non-consecutive in-
terruptions, an integration algorithm is used that prolongs the COMFAIL trigger-
ing time.
70
3. Block differential protection. Block of differential protection occurs during

change of settings or setting group.
4. Remote terminal COMFAIL. For error No 1, 2, 3 and No 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 the
COMFAIL is sent in the second consecutive message (within 10 ms). Thus, some
short interruptions can be recorded only in one terminal. The communication
channel must be in operation to be able to receive this signal.
5. Time synchronization error refers to synchronization check and is only per-
formed by the terminal set as Slave for the internal differential clocks synchroni-
zation. If 50 time synchronization messages (included with every 8 line
differential function message) are not correctly received (= 8 x 5 ms x 50 = 2000
ms), COMFAIL will be triggered. If more than 750 synchronization messages are
not correctly received, a re-synchronization of the internal differential clock will
be made. For non-consecutive interruptions, an integration algorithm prolongs
the COMFAIL triggering time.
6. Differential Clock drift refers to a difference > 50 ms between the internal differ-
ential clocks in the differential protection in the terminal set as Slave and the one
set as Master for synchronization of the internal differential clock. The COM-
FAIL triggering time depends on a number of factors from a drift compensation
algorithm. This check is normally not activated unless the communication chan-
nel has been lost for a long time.
7. Communication channel loop delay-instantaneous is checked every 40 ms (at
each synchronization message). If the communication channel loop (Slave-Mas-
ter-Slave) delay is more than 31ms for one message, COMFAIL is triggered in-
stantaneously. This check is done in the terminal set as Slave for the internal
differential clock by a comparison with the real time clock in the terminal at send-
ing and receiving of a looped message.
8. Communication channel loop delay-time delayed checks if the communication
channel delay for transmitted and received signal is >24 ms (Local-Remote-Lo-
cal). The check is performed every 40 ms (at each synchronization message) by
comparing the real time clock time at sending and receiving of a looped message.
COMFAIL is triggered after 50 consecutive messages with excessive loop time.
COMFAIL triggering time = 2000 ms (= 50x40 ms). For non-consecutive mes-
sages with excessive loop time, an integration algorithm is used that prolongs the
COMFAIL triggering.
9. Abnormal clock deviation checks if the synchronization in the Slave of the inter-
nal differential clocks in the differential protection have an abnormal deviation,
(Slave-Master–Slave). COMFAIL is triggered instantaneously, but will probably
only occur after long interruptions in the communication channel. However, the
start or re synchronization procedure can also activate COMFAIL due to this
function.
10. Data flow checks if the time between initiations of the sending messages from the
line differential function is longer than 20 ms, using the real time clock for the
check. This check will also trigger the COMFAIL if the external time synchroni-
zation of the real time clock by minute pulse or SPA/LON from Station Clock or
GPS, adjusts the terminal clock forward > 15 ms. The COMFAIL triggering is
instantaneous. The channel interruption measurements for short, medium and
long interruptions, presented on the HMI are based on measurements of timing
from the real time clock which are made independently in each terminal. These
measurements are also independent from the internal differential clock. The mea-
71
surements presented on the front HMI are not connected to COMFAIL or by in-
dications of channel delay exceeding 12 ms, since the delay is not a channel
interrupt, the channel is still working.
72
Configuring the transceiver 21-15xx Chapter 8
8 Configuring the transceiver 21-15xx

Follow the instructions, for setting of jumpers, given in the document delivered with the trans-
ceiver.
Here follow some recommendations on settings and connections when operating together with
protection systems from ABB. In the following the transceiver is regarded as a DTE (although
it is actually designed as a DCE) and is supposed to be connected to communication equipment
that acts as a DCE.
For synchronous communication a DCE always has to output timing signals (TC and RC) and
one input timing signal (TTC). For the DTE the opposite is valid. All clocks in a synchronous
network have the same timing and provided the phase is set correctly they also have the same
phase. This means that only one clock signal has to be used between the transceiver and the com-
munication as shown in the cases below.
73
Co-directional operation Chapter 8
9 Co-directional operation
The connection is made according to table 11.
Table 11: Connections

Transceiver
Pin No.
V.35 V.36 Comm. eq.
Signal No A B A B Signal No Direction
TD 103 P S 4 22 RD 104 Comm. eq. -> Transceiver
RD 104 R T 6 24 TD 103 Transceiver -> Comm. eq.
TTC 113 U W 17 35 RC 115 Comm. eq. -> Transceiver
Figure 22 shows the connection. If needed for proper operation of the communication equipment
a connection can be made between the RC and TC. Both TD and RD are controlled from TTC.
Tranceiver Communication
equipment
TD(A) RD(A)
TD(B) RD(B)
RD(A) TD(A)
RD(B) TD(B)
TTC(A) RC(A)
TTC(B) RC(B)
TC(A)
TC(B)
en01000190.vsd
Figure 22: Connection between transceiver and communication equipment
The transceiver is set according to table 12.
74
Co-directional operation Chapter 8
Table 12: Settings

Switch, jumper Setting Gives
S1 Middle position V.35
S1 Bottom position V.36
S2 9 64 kbit/s
S3 Middle position External clock
S4 Has no influence on operation ---
75
Contra-directional operation Chapter 8
10 Contra-directional operation
Connected according to table 13.

Transceiver
Pin No.
V.35 V.36 Comm. eq.
Signal No A B A B Signal No Direction
TD 103 P S 4 22 RD 104 Comm. eq -> Transceiver
RD 104 R T 6 24 TD 103 Transceiver -> Comm. eq.
1) 1)
TTC 113 U W 17 35 Comm. eq. -> Transceiver
1)
Either RC - 115 or TC - 114 can be used.
Figure 23 shows the connection. In this case the connection to TTC can be made either from RC
or TC but not from both. Both TD and RD are controlled from TTC.
equipment
TD(A) RD(A)
TD(B) RD(B)
RD(A) TD(A)
RD(B) TD(B)
TTC(A) RC(A)
1)
TTC(B) RC(B)
TC(A)
1)
TC(B)
en01000191.vsd
where:
1 is the selection between either RC or TC
Setting of transceiver is done according to table 14.
76
Contra-directional operation Chapter 8
Table 14: Settings

S1 Middle position V.35
S1 Bottom position V.36
S2 9 64 kbit/s
S3 Middle position External clock
77
11 Configuring the transceiver 21-16xx

For setting jumpers, follow the instructions in the document delivered with the transceiver.
Here follow some recommendations on settings and connections when using protection systems
from ABB. In the following, the transceiver is regarded as a DTE and is supposed to be connect-
ed to communication equipment that acts as a DCE.
11.1 X.21 operation

The connection is made according to table 15.

Transceiver Comm. eq.
Pin No.
Signal A B Signal Direction
T 2 9 T Comm. eq -> Transceiver
R 4 11 R Transceiver -> Comm. eq.
S 6 13 S Comm. eq. -> Transceiver
Figure 24 shows the connection.
equipment
T(A) T(A)
T(B) T(B)
R(A) R(A)
R(B) R(B)
S(A) S(A)
S(B) S(B)
en01000192.vsd
Set transceiver according to table 16.
78
Table 16: Settings

S2, S3, S4, S15, S16 Jumpers downwards DTE
S6 Second position from bottom X.21
S11 9 64 kbit/s
S14 Jumper at middle position External clock
11.2 G.703 co-directional operation

Connect according to table 17.

Transceiver Comm. eq.
Signal Pin1) Signal Direction
TX 1/2 RX Comm. eq -> Transceiver
RX 3/4 TX Transceiver -> Comm. eq.
1)
RJ-45 connector. Numbered from left the connection points will bet this number
If a screen is available in the cable it is connected to Protection Ground (pin 9 on the transceiver)
at one or both ends.
Figure 25 shows the connection. Note that the signal directions are according to DCE operation
for both transceiver and communication equipment.
equipment
TX(A) RX(A)
TX(B) RX(B)
RX(A) TX(A)
RX(B) TX(B)
en01000193.vsd
Figure 25: Connection between Transceiver and Communication equipment
Set transceiver according to table 18.
79
Table 18: Settings

Switch, jumper Setting
S5 G.703 co - con, balanced Nx64 kbps
S6 Co-directional
S7 Has no influence on operation
S11 9 (64 kbit/s)
S14 timing source External clock
S14 sync No jumper
80
Setting and configuring the terminal
Chapter 9 Setting and

configuring the
terminal
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to set the terminal, either through a PC or the local HMI, and down-
load a configuration to the terminal in order to make commissioning possible.
The chapter does not contain instructions on how to create a configuration or calculate settings.
Please consult the application manual for further information about how to calculate settings.
81
Overview Chapter 9
1 Overview
The customer specific values for each setting parameter and a configuration file has to be avail-
able before the terminal can be set and configured, if the terminal is not delivered with a config-
uration.
Use the CAP 531 configuration tool to verify if the terminal has the expected configuration. A
new configuration is performed with the CAP tool. The binary outputs can be selected from a
signal list where the signals are grouped under their function names. It is also possible to specify
a user-defined name for each input and output signal.
The configuration can be downloaded through the front connector on the local HMI or via the
rear SPA port.
Each function included in the terminal has several setting parameters which have to be set in or-
der to make the terminal behave as intended. A default value is provided for each parameter from
factory. A setting file can be prepared using the parameter setting tool (PST), which is available
in the CAP 540 package.
All settings can be:
• Entered manually through the local HMI.

• Downloaded from a PC, either locally or remotely using SMS/SCS. Front or rear
port communication has to be established before the settings can be downloaded.
Note!
Be sure to configure the functional input HMI--BLOCKSET to only one of the available binary
inputs before setting the parameter SettingRestrict to Block in the local HMI.
82
Entering settings through the local HMI Chapter 9
2 Entering settings through the local HMI

Each of the included functions in the terminal has to be set and this can be performed through
the local HMI. The user must browse to the desired function and enter the appropriate value. The
parameters for each function can be found in the local HMI. See the technical reference manual
for a complete list of setting parameters for each function. Some of the included functions may
not be used. In this case the user can set the parameter “Operation” to “Off” to disable the func-
tion.
Some settings can only be set through the local HMI, such as the setting access, the slave number
and baud rate when communicating with a PC software. The setting access can be blocked by
the binary input signal HMI--BLOCKSET. When this signal is active the user can still read all
information, including the setting values.
83
Configuring the setting restriction of HMI Chapter 9
function Setting and configuring the terminal
3 Configuring the setting restriction of HMI function

Configuring the HMI--BLOCKSET functional signal can only be done from the local HMI.
REx 5xx
+
HMI--BLOCKSET
SWITCH
WITH KEY &
SettingRestrict=Block RESTRICT
SETTINGS
en01000152.vsd
Figure 26: Connection and logic diagram for the HMI--BLOCKSET functional signal
Procedure
1. Navigate the menus to:
Configuration/BuiltInHMI/HMI--BLOCKSET
2. Select a binary input

Select a binary input not used or reserved for any other purpose.
Connect the selected binary input to the DC control voltage via a normally closed contact of a
control switch, which can be locked by a key. Only when the normally closed contact is open,
the change of settings and configuration of the REx 5xx terminal is possible. See figure 26.
84
Activating the restriction of setting Chapter 9
4 Activating the restriction of setting
4.1 Local HMI

Activating the restriction of setting via local HMI can only be done from the local HMI.
Procedure
Configuration/BuiltInHMI/SettingRestrict
2. Set SettingRestrict = Block.
Note!
The HMI--BLOCKSET functional input must be configured to the selected binary input before
setting the setting restriction function in operation. Carefully read the instructions.
4.2 Serial communication, change of active group

Activating the restriction of setting, or change of active group via the rear communication port,
can only be done from the local HMI.
Procedure
Configuration/TerminalCom/SPACom/Rear/ActGrpRestrict
2. Set ActGrpRestrict = Block
4.3 Serial communication, setting

Activating the restriction of setting or change of active group, can only be done from the local
HMI.
Procedure
Configuration/TerminalCom/SPACom/Rear/SettingRestrict
2. Set SettingRestrict = Block
85
Downloading settings and configuration from Chapter 9
a PC Setting and configuring the terminal
5 Downloading settings and configuration from a PC
5.1 Establishing front port communication

When a PC is used to download settings and configuration, you need the terminal toolbox CAP
540 (including CAP 531 and PST).
A special cable is needed when connecting a PC to the front of the REx 5xx terminal. This cable
can be ordered from ABB. It must be plugged into the optical contact on the left side of the local
HMI. The other end of the cable shall be plugged directly into the COM-port on the PC. The
cable includes an optical contact, an opto/electrical converter and an electrical cable with a stan-
dard 9-pole D-sub contact. This ensures a disturbance-free and safe communication with the ter-
minal.
When communicating from a PC, the slave number and baud rate (communication speed) set-
tings must be equal in the PC-program and in the REx 5xx terminal.
Procedure
1. Plug the cable to the optical contact on the local HMI.
2. Plug the other end of the cable to the COM port of the PC.
3. Set the slave number and baud rate in the terminal.
The slave number and baud rate settings in the REx 5xx terminal is done
on the local HMI at:
Configuration/TerminalCom/SPACom/Front
4. Set the slave number and baud rate in the PC-program.

The slave number and baud rate must be the same as in the terminal. See
the CAP 540 manual.
5.2 Establishing rear port communication

Settings can be performed via any of the optical ports at the rear of the REx 5xx terminal. When
a PC is connected to the SMS system, the CAP 540 and the PST softwares are used. Settings can
also be done via the SCS system, based on MicroLIBRARY.
5.2.1 Using the SPA/IEC rear port

For all settings and configuration via the SPA communication bus, the SPA/IEC 60870-5-103
port on the rear, it is necessary to first deactivate the restriction for settings. Otherwise, no setting
is allowed. This setting only applies for the SPA/IEC 60870-5-103 port during SPA bus com-
munication. The parameter can only be set on the local HMI, and is located at:
Configuration/TerminalCom/SPACom/Rear/SettingRestrict
It is also possible to permit changes between active setting groups with ActGrpRestrict in the
same menu section.
86
Selecting the protocols for the rear ports

To define the protocols to be used, a setting is done on the local HMI under the menu:
Configuration/TerminalCom/SPA-IEC-LON
When the protocols have been selected the terminal will automatically restart.
When communicating with SMS or SCS with the SPA or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol the slave
number and baud rate (communication speed) settings must be equal in the PC-program and in
the REx 5xx terminal.
Using the SPA rear port

The slave number and baud rate settings of the rear SPA port on the REx 5xx terminal, for SPA
bus communication, is done on the local HMI at:
Configuration/TerminalCom/SPACom/Rear
Using IEC 870-5-103 rear port

The slave number and baud rate settings of the rear IEC 60870-5-103 port on the REx 5xx ter-
minal, for IEC 870-5-103 bus communication, is done on the local HMI at:
Configuration/TerminalCom/IECCom/Communication
5.2.2 Using LON rear port

The LON port is not affected by eventual restricted settings valid for the SPA/IEC port. When
communicating via the LON port, the settings are done with the LNT, LON Network Tool. The
settings are shown on the local HMI at:
Configuration/TerminalCom/LON Com
From this menu, it is also possible to send the “ServicePinMsg” to the LNT.
5.3 Downloading the configuration and setting files

When downloading a configuration to the REx 5xx terminal with the CAP 531 configuration
tool, the terminal is automatically set in configuration mode. When the terminal is set in config-
uration mode, all functions are blocked. The red LED on the terminal flashes, and the green LED
is lit while the terminal is in the configuration mode.
When the configuration is downloaded and completed, the terminal is automatically set into nor-
mal mode. For further instructions please refer to the users manuals for CAP 540 and PST.
87
88
Requirement of trig condition for
disturbance report
Chapter 10 Requirement of trig

condition for
disturbance
report
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to override the limitation on the storage capacity of the flash mem-
ory.
89
Requirement of trig condition for disturbance Chapter 10
report Requirement of trig condition for
disturbance report
1 Requirement of trig condition for disturbance

report
Disturbance reports, setting and internal events in REx 5xx are stored in a non volatile flash
memory. Flash memories are used in many embedded solutions for storing information due to
high reliability, high storage capacity, short storage time and small size.
In REx 5xx there is a potential failure problem, caused by too many write operations to the flash
memory.
Our experience shows that after storing more than fifty thousand disturbances, settings or inter-
nal events the flash memory exceeds its storing capacity and the component is finally defected.
When the failure occurs there is no risk of unwanted operation of the protection terminal due to
the self-supervision function that detects the failure. The terminal will give a signal for internal
fail and go into blocking mode.
The above limitation on the storage capacity of the flash memory gives the following recom-
mendation for the disturbance report trig condition:
• Cyclic trig condition more often then once/day not recommended.

• Minute pulse input is not used as a trig condition.
• Total number of stored disturbance reports shall not exceed fifty thousand.
90
Establishing connection and
verifying the
SPA/IEC-communication
Chapter 11 Establishing
connection and
verifying the
SPA/IEC-communi
cation
About this chapter

This chapter contains instructions on how to establish connection and verify that the
SPA/IEC-communication operates as intended, when the terminal is connected to a monitoring
or control system via the rear SPA/IEC port.
91
Entering settings Chapter 11
verifying the
1 Entering settings
If the terminal is connected to a monitoring or control system via any of the rear SPA and/or IEC
ports, the applicable selection of protocols for the rear ports must be made.
1.1 Entering SPA settings

When using the SPA protocol, the rear SPA/IEC port must be set for SPA use.
The SPA/IEC port is located at terminal X13 on the rear side of the terminal. Three types of
interfaces can be used:
• for plastic fibres with connector type HFBR

• for glass fibres with connectors type ST
• for galvanic RS485
Procedure
1. Set the operation of the rear SPA/IEC port to “SPA”.
The operation of the rear SPA/IEC port can be found on the local HMI at:
When the setting is entered the terminal will automatically restart. After
the restart the SPA/IEC port operates as a SPA port.
2. Set the slave number and baud rate for the rear SPA port
The slave number and baud rate can be found on the local HMI at:
Configuration/TerminalCom/SPACom/Rear
Set the same slave number and baud rate as set in the SMS system for the
terminal.
1.2 Entering IEC settings

When using the IEC protocol, one of the rear ports must be set for IEC use. The selected port
can be located at terminal X13 or terminal X15 on the rear side of the terminal. Valid interface
depends on selected port.Three types of interfaces can be used:
• for plastic fibres with connector type HFBR

• for glass fibres with connectors type ST
• for galvanic RS485
Procedure
1. Set the operation of one of the rear ports to “IEC”.
The operation of the rear ports can be found on the local HMI at:
92
Entering settings Chapter 11
verifying the
When the setting is entered the terminal will automatically restart. After
the restart the selected IEC port operates as a IEC port.
2. Set the slave number and baud rate for the rear IEC port
The slave number and baud rate can be found on the local HMI at:
Configuration/TerminalCom/IECCom/Communication
Set the same slave number and baud rate as set in the IEC master system
for the terminal.
3. Set the main function type of the terminal.

The main function type can be found on the local HMI at:
Configuration/TerminalCom/IECCom/FunctionType
The main function type can be set to values from 1 to 255 according to
the standard. The value zero is default and corresponds to not used. Ex-
amples of values that can be used are:
Table 19: Main function type examples
Value Function type according to IEC 60870-5-103
128 Distance protection

160 Overcurrent protection
192 Line differential protection
If the setting “OpFnType” is set to “ON” then the set value for function
type will be used for all event blocks and the disturbance recorder, other-
wise the setting on each event block and the disturbance recorder will de-
cide the function type of that function block.
93
Verifying the communication Chapter 11
verifying the
2 Verifying the communication

To verify that the rear communication with the SMS/SCS system is working, there are some dif-
ferent methods. Choose one of the following.
2.1 Verifying SPA communication

Procedure
1. Use a SPA-emulator and send “RF” to the terminal. The answer from
the terminal should be “REx500 ”.
2. Generate one binary event by activating a function which is config-
ured to an event block where the used input is set to generate events
on SPA. The configuration must be made with the CAP5xx software.
Verify that the event is presented in the SMS/SCS system.
During the following tests of the different functions in the terminal, verify that the events and
indications in the SMS/SCS system are as expected.
2.2 Verifying IEC communication

To verify that the IEC communication with the IEC master system is working, there are some
different methods. Choose one of the following.
Procedure
1. Check that the master system time-out for response from the termi-
nal, for example after a setting change, is > 40 seconds.
2. Use a protocol analyzer and record the communication between the
terminal and the IEC master. Check in the protocol analyzer’s log
that the terminal answers the master messages.
3. Generate one binary event by activating a function which is config-
ured to an event block where the used input is set to generate events
on IEC. The configuration must be made with the CAP5xx software.
Verify that the event is presented in the IEC master system.
During the following tests of the different functions in the terminal, verify that the events and
indications in the IEC master system are as expected.
94
Optical budget calculation for serial Chapter 11
communication with SPA/IEC Establishing connection and
verifying the
3 Optical budget calculation for serial

communication with SPA/IEC
Table 20: Example
Distance 1 km Distance 25 m
Glass Plastic
Maximum attenuation for REx 5xx - 11 dB - 7 dB
4 dB/km multi mode: 820 nm - 62.5/125 um 4 dB -
0.16 dB/m plastic: 620 nm - 1mm - 4 dB
Margins for installation, aging etc. 5 dB 1 dB
Losses in connection box, two contacts (0.7 dB/contact) 1.4 dB -
Losses in connection box, two contacts (1 dB/contact) - 2 dB
Margin for repair splices (0.5 dB/splice) 0.5 dB -
Maximum total attenuation 11 dB 7 dB
95
Optical budget calculation for serial Chapter 11
communication with SPA/IEC Establishing connection and
verifying the
96
verifying the LON communication
Chapter 12 Establishing
connection and
verifying the LON
communication
About this chapter

This chapter referes to another document.
97
Reference Chapter 12
verifying the LON communication
1 Reference
We refere to document: LNT 505 Operator’s Manual 1MRS751706-MUM, Issued: 31.10.99,
Program rev: 1.1.1 Doc. version: B.
1.1 Verification of the optical budget

1.1.1 Optical budget calculation for serial communication with LON
Table 21: Example
Distance 1 km Distance 20 m
Glass Plastic
Maximum attenuation for REx 5xx -11 dB - 7 dB
4 dB/km multi mode: 820 nm - 62.5/125 um 4 dB -
0.2 dB/m plastic: 620 nm - 1mm - 4 dB
Margins for installation, aging etc. 5 dB 1 dB
Losses in connection box, two contacts (0.7 dB/contact) 1.4 dB -
Losses in connection box, two contacts (1dB/contact) - 2 dB
Margin for repair splices (0.5 dB/splice) 0.5 dB -
Maximum total attenuation 11 dB 7 dB
98
Verifying settings by secondary
injection
Chapter 13 Verifying settings

by secondary
injection
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to verify that the protection functions operates correctly according
to the settings. Only the tested function should be in operation.
99
Overview Chapter 13
injection
1 Overview
Required tools for testing of a terminal:
• Calculated settings
• Configuration diagram
• Terminal diagram
• Technical reference manual
• Three-phase test equipment
The terminal has to be set and configured before the testing can start.
The terminal diagram, available in the Technical reference manual, is a general diagram for the
terminal. But note that the same diagram is not always applicable for each specific delivery (es-
pecially for the configuration of all the binary inputs and outputs). It is for this reason necessary
to check before testing that the available terminal diagram corresponds to the terminal.
The Technical reference manual contains application and functionality summaries, function
blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data sorted per
function.
The test equipment should be able to provide a three-phase supply of voltages and currents. The
magnitude of voltage and current as well as the phase angle between voltage and current must
be variable. The voltages and currents from the test equipment must be obtained from the same
source and they must have a very small harmonic contents. If the test equipment cannot indicate
the phase angle, a separate phase-angle meter is necessary.
Prepare the terminal for test before testing a particular function. Consider the logic diagram of
the tested protection function when performing the test. All included functions in the terminal
are tested according to the corresponding test instructions in this chapter. The functions can be
tested in any order according to user preferences and the test instructions are therefor presented
in alphabetical order. Only the functions that are used (Operation is set to On) should be tested.
The response from a test can be viewed in different ways:
• Binary outputs signals

• Service values in the local HMI (logical signal or phasors)
• A PC with CAP (configuration software) in debug mode
All used setting groups should be tested.
Note!
This terminal is designed for a maximum continuous current of four times the rated current.
100
Overview Chapter 13
injection
Note!
Please observe the measuring accuracy of the terminal, the test equipment and the angular ac-
curacy for both of them.
Note!
Please consider the configured logic from the function block to the output contacts when mea-
suring the operate time.
101
Preparing for test Chapter 13
injection
2 Preparing for test
2.1 Overview
This section describes how to prepare the terminal in order to verify settings.
The preparation starts with making the connections to the test switch if included. This means
connecting the test equipment according to a valid terminal diagram for the specific REx 5xx
terminal. The terminal can then be set in test mode in order to facilitate the test of individual
functions and prevent unwanted operation from functions other than the tested. The test switch
should then be connected to the terminal. The user could also verify the connection and that the
analog inputs signals are measured correctly by injecting currents and voltages as required by
the specific REx 5xx terminal. The tested function should then be released. The disturbance re-
port settings could be checked to ensure that correct indications are given. The user could also
identify the function to test in the technical reference manual to retrieve signals and parameters
names etc.
2.2 Preparing the connection to the test equipment

The REx 5xx terminal can be equipped with a test switch of type RTXP 24. The test switch and
its associated test plug handle (RTXH 24) are a part of the COMBITEST system which gives a
secure and convenient testing of the terminal.
When the test-plug handle is inserted into the test switch, preparations for testing are automati-
cally carried out in the proper sequence (i.e. blocking of tripping circuits, short circuiting of
CT’s, opening of voltage circuits, making relay terminals available for secondary injection).
Terminals 1 and 12 of the test switch are not disconnected as they are used for dc supply of the
protection terminal.
The test-plug handle leads may be connected to any type of test equipment or instrument. When
a number of protection terminals of the same type are tested, the test-plug handle need be moved
only from the test switch of one protection terminal to the test switch of the other, without alter-
ing previously made connections.
To prevent unwanted tripping when the handle is withdrawn, latches on the handle secure it in
the half withdrawn position. In this position, all voltages and currents are restored to the protec-
tion terminal and any reenergizing transients are given a chance to decay before the trip circuits
are restored. When the latches are released, the handle can be completely withdrawn form the
test switch, restoring the trip circuits to the protection terminal.
If a test switch is not used necessary actions need to be taken according to circuit diagram.
102
injection
Warning!
the transformer's secondary winding. Operating a current transformer with the secondary wind-
ing open will cause a massive potential build-up that may damage the transformer and may
2.3 Setting the terminal in test mode

The terminal can be set in test mode before test. This means that all included functions can be
blocked or released as decided during the test. In this way, it is possible to test slower back-up
measuring functions without the interference of faster measuring functions. Test mode is indi-
cated when the yellow LED is flashing.
Procedure
1. Browse to the ‘Operation’ menu and press ‘E’.
The Operation menu is located in the local HMI under:
Test/TestMode/Operation
2. Choose ‘On’ and press ‘E’.

3. Press ‘C’ twice to exit the menu.
The dialog ‘Save testGroup?’ appears.
4. Choose ‘Yes’ and leave the menu.

The window repeatedly displays ‘Busy’ and after that the yellow LED
starts flashing which indicates that the terminal is in test mode.
2.4 Connecting test equipment to the terminal

Before testing, connect the testing equipment according to the valid terminal diagram for each
specific REx 5xx terminal. Pay special attention to the correct connection of the input and output
current terminals, and to the connection of the residual current. Check that the input and output
logical signals in the logic diagram for the tested function are configured to the corresponding
binary inputs and outputs of the tested terminal.
103
injection
IL1 IL1
IL2 IL2
IL3 IL3
RELAY TEST SET NI IN (I4,I5)
REx 5xx
UL1 UL1
UL2 UL2
UL3 UL3
UN UN
UN (U4,U5)
TRIP L1
TRIP L2
TRIP L3
en01000162.vsd
Figure 27: Connection of the test set to the REx 5xx terminal.
2.5 Verifying the connection and the analog inputs

The user must verify that the connection and that the analog signals are measured correctly.
Procedure
1. Compare the injected value with the measured value.
The phasor menu is located in the local-HMI under:
ServiceReport/Phasors/Primary and Secondary
Consider set ratio factors for CT’s and VT’s.
2. Compare the frequency reading with the set frequency and the direc-
tion of the power with the injected power.
The frequency and active power are located in the local-HMI under:
ServiceReport/ServiceValues
3. Inject a unsymmetrical three-phase current and voltage at rated val-

ue in two phases.
4. Compare the injected value with the measured value.
The phasor menu is located in the local-HMI under:
104
injection
ServiceReport/Phasors/Primary and Secondary
2.6 Releasing the function(s) to be tested

The user can release the function(s) to be tested. This is done in order to set only the tested func-
tion(s) in operation and prevent other functions from operating. The user can release the tested
function(s) by setting the corresponding parameter under BlockFunctions to NO in the local
HMI. When testing a function in this blocking feature, remember that not only the actual func-
tion must be activated, but the whole sequence of interconnected functions (from measuring in-
puts to binary output contacts), including logic and so on. Before starting a new test mode
session the user should scroll through every function to ensure that only the function to be tested
(and the interconnected ones) are set to NO. A function is also blocked if the BLOCK input sig-
nal on the corresponding function block is active, which depends on the configuration. The user
should therefore ensure that the logical status of the BLOCK input signal is equal to 0 for the
tested function. The user could also individually block event blocks to ensure that no events are
reported to remote station during the test.
Note!
The function is blocked if the corresponding setting under the BlockFunctions menu remains on
and the TEST-INPUT signal remains active. All functions that where blocked or released from
previous test mode session are still valid when a new test mode session is entered.
Procedure
1. Browse to the ‘BlockFunctions’ menu.
The BlockFunctions menu is located in the local HMI under:
Test/TestMode/BlockFunctions
2. Browse to the function that should be released.

Use the left and right arrow buttons. Press ‘E’ when the desired function
has been found.
3. Select ‘No’.
4. Press ‘C’ twice to leave the menu.
The ‘Save TestGroup?’ dialog appears.
5. Choose ‘Yes’ leave the menu.
2.7 Checking the disturbance report settings

The terminal must be set in testmode (Operation=ON) to activate the disturbance report settings.
The user can select how the disturbances are indicated on the local HMI during the test. The user
can for example select if the disturbance summary should be stored, scrolled on the local HMI
or if LED information should be stored. Scroll to the disturbance report settings which are locat-
ed in the local HMI under:
105
injection
Test/TestMode/DisturbReport
Table 22: Disturbance report settings

Operation DisturbSum- Then the results are...
mary
Off Off • Disturbances are not stored.
• LED information is not displayed on the HMI and not stored.
• No disturbance summary is scrolled on the HMI.
Off On • Disturbances are not stored.
• LED information (yellow - start, red - trip) are displayed on the local
HMI but not stored in the terminal.
• Disturbance summary is scrolled automatically on the local HMI for the
two latest recorded disturbances, until cleared.
• The information is not stored in the terminal.
On On or Off • The disturbance report works as in normal mode.
• Disturbances are stored. Data can be read from the local HMI, a
front-connected PC, or SMS.- LED information (yellow - start, red - trip)
is stored.
• The disturbance summary is scrolled automatically on the local HMI for
the two latest recorded disturbances, until cleared.
• All disturbance data that is stored during test mode remains in the ter-
minal when changing back to normal mode.
2.8 Identifying the function to test in

the technical reference manual
The user can use the technical reference manual (TRM) to identify function blocks, logic dia-
grams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data.
106
Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF) Chapter 13
injection
3 Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)

Prepare the terminal for verification of settings as outlined in section “Preparing for test” in this
chapter.
The SOTF is checked by secondary injection tests together with the distance or overcurrent pro-
tection function and with the DLD function. The switch-onto-fault function is activated either
by the external input SOTF-BC, or by the internal DLD function. The latter is done by a prefault
condition with the phase voltages and currents at zero.A reverse three-phase fault with zero im-
pedance and a three-phase fault with an impedance corresponding to the whole line is applied.
For this fault an instantaneous trip shall be achieved together with the indication SOTF-TRIP.
3.1 External activation of SOTF function

Procedure
1. Activate the switch-onto-fault (SOTF-BC) input.
During normal operating conditions, the SOTF-BC input is de-energised.
2. Apply a three phase fault condition corresponding to a fault at ap-

proximately 45% of the line or with an impedance at 50% of used
zone setting and current greater than 30% of Ir.
3. Check that the correct trip outputs, external signals and indication
are obtained.
3.2 Automatic initiation of SOTF

Procedure
1. Deactivate the switch-onto-fault (SOTF-BC) input.
2. Set current and voltage inputs to 0 for at least 1 second.
3. Apply a three phase fault condition corresponding to a fault at ap-
proximately 45% of the line or with an impedance at 50% of used
zone setting and current greater than 30% of Ir.
4. Check that the correct trip outputs, external signals and indication
are obtained.
3.3 Completing the test

Continue to test another function or complete the test by setting the test mode to off. Restore
connections and settings to the original values, if they were changed for testing purpose.
107
Autorecloser (AR) Chapter 13
injection
4 Autorecloser (AR)
Prepare the terminal for verification of settings as outlined in section 2 "Preparing for test" in
this chapter.
The test is performed together with protection and trip functions. Figure 28 illustrates a recom-
mended testing scenario, where the circuit breaker is simulated by an external bistable relay
(BR), for example an RXMVB2 or an RXMVD. The following switches are needed:
• Switch close (SC)

• Switch trip (ST)
• Switch ready (SRY).
SC and ST can be push-buttons with spring return. If no bistable relay is available, replace it with
two self-reset auxiliary relays and use self-holding connection.
Use a secondary injection relay test set to operate the protection function. It is possible to use
the BR to control the injected analogue quantities so that the fault only appears when the BR is
picked up—simulating a closed breaker position.
To make the arrangement more elaborate, include the simulation of the operation gear condition,
AR01-CBREADY, for the sequences Close-Open (CO) and Open-Close-Open (OCO).
The AR01-CBREADY condition at the CO sequence type is usually low for a recharging time
of 5-10 s after a closing operation. Then it is high. The example in figure 28 shows that it is sim-
ulated with SRY, a manual switch.
108
injection
Terminal
AR01 - CLOSE CB
BR
SC
Trip
ST
AR01 - CB CLOSE
SRY
AR01 - CB READY
To test
set
+ -
en02000446.vsd
Figure 28: Simulating breaker operation with two auxiliary relays.
4.1 Preparing
1. Check the settings of the autorecloser (AR) function.

The operation can be set at Stand-by (Off) in HMI tree:
Settings/Functions/Group n/AutoRecloser/AutoRecloser n
If any timer setting is changed so as to speed-up or facilitate the testing,

they must be set to normal after the testing. A verification test has to be
done afterwards.
2. Check that the functional input signal SYNC is set to TRUE if the in-
ternal or external synchrocheck is not used.
3. Read and note the reclosing operate counters from the HMI tree:
109
injection
ServiceReport/Functions/AutoRecloser/AutoRecloser n/Counters
4. The AR01-CBCLOSED breaker position, the commands Trip and

Closing, AR01-CLOSECB, and other signals should preferably be ar-
ranged for event recording provided with time measurements.
Otherwise, a separate timer or recorder can be used to check the AR open
time and other timers.
4.2 Checking the AR functionality
1. Ensure that the voltage inputs to Synchro-check, when applied, give

accepted conditions at open breaker (BR).
They can, for example, be Live busbar and Dead line.
2. Set the operation at On.

3. Make a BR pickup by a closing pulse, the SC-pulse.
4. Close SRY, Breaker ready and leave it closed.
5. Inject AC quantities to give a trip and start AR in phase L1.
Observe or record the BR operation. The BR relay should trip and re-
close. After the closing operation, the SRY switch could be opened for
about 5 s and then closed.
The AR open time and the operating sequence should be checked, for ex-
ample, in the event recording.
Check the operate indications and the operate counters.
Should the operation not be as expected, the reason must be investigated.

It could be due to an AR Off state or wrong program selection, or not ac-
cepted synchro-check conditions.
4.3 Checking the reclosing condition

The number of cases can be varied according to the application. Examples of selection cases are:
4.3.1 Checking the Inhibit signal
1. Check that the function is operative and that the breaker conditions
are okay.
2. Apply an AR01-INHIBIT input signal and start the reclosing function.
3. Check that there is no reclosing.
110
injection
4.3.2 Checking the closing onto a fault
1. Set the breaker simulating relay, BR, in position open.

2. Then close it with the SC switch and start the AR within one second.
4.3.3 Checking the breaker not ready
1. Close the BR breaker relay and see that everything except for
AR01-CBREADY is in normal condition (SRY is open).
2. Start the AR function.
4.4 Testing the multi-breaker arrangement

If a multi-breaker arrangement is used for the application and priorities are given for the master
(high) and slave (low) terminals, test that correct operation takes place and that correct signals
are issued. The signals WFMASTER, UNSUC, WAIT and INHIBIT should be involved.

After the test, restore the equipment to normal or desired state. Especially check these items:
1. Check and record the counter contents (Reset if it is the user’s pref-
erence).
The counters menu is located in the local HMI under:
ServiceReport/Functions/AutoRecloser/AutoRecloser n/Counters/Clear Counters
2. Reset the setting parameters as required.

3. Disconnect the test switch or disconnected links of connection ter-
minals.
4. Reset indications and events.
The ClearDistRep menu is located in the local HMI under:
DisturbReport/ClearDistRep
111
Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC12) Chapter 13
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5 Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC12)

There are two types of internal self-supervision of the RTC.
The I/O-circuit board is supervised as an I/O module. For example it gives ‘FAIL’ if the board
is not inserted. I/O-modules not configured are not supervised. When an RTC- module is con-
figured as a logical I/O module it is also supervised.
Then there is also the communication supervision that gives ‘WARNING’ if one of the
RTC-modules signals for ‘COMFAIL’. Each RTC-module has an error output (‘COMFAIL’)
which is set to a logical 1 if anything is wrong with the communication through the actual mod-
ule. Status for inputs and outputs as well as self-supervision status are available from the local
HMI.
Test correct functionality by simulating different kind of faults. Also check that sent and re-
ceived data is correctly transmitted and read.
A test connection is shown in figure 29. A binary input (BI) is connected to a RTC function input
in end1, for example RTC1-SEND01, and in the other end a binary output (BO) is connected to
the received function output, for example RTC1-REC01. The binary signal is transferred to the
remote end (end2) through a communication link. Check at the remote end that the correspond-
ing signal (RTC1-REC01) has been received. Repeat the test for all the signals used by the RTC
function.
+
REx 5xx (End 1)
- BI
Communication
REx 5xx link
BO
(End 2)
99000308.vsd
Figure 29: Test of RTC with I/O.
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Breaker failure protection (BFP) Chapter 13
injection
6 Breaker failure protection (BFP)

this chapter.
Consider to release used start criteria. The trip is a pulse with a length of 150 ms. Fault condition:
the current in a phase must exceed the set IP> as latest within the set t1 time after the
START/STLN input is activated.
To verify the settings the following fault type should be tested:
• One for a phase-to-earth fault
The breaker-failure protection should be tested in co-operation with some other functions, and
in particular with the protection and trip functions or via external start.
6.1 Verifying the settings

Procedure
1. Apply the fault condition with a current below set IP>.
2. Repeat the fault condition and increase the current in step until trip
appears.
3. Compare the result with the set IP>.
Note: If no I> check is set only back-up trip operate at set IP>.
6.2 Verifying the retrip setting

Choose one of the test cases in 6.2 "Verifying the retrip setting" according to valid setting.
6.2.1 Checking the retrip function with retrip set to off
Procedure
1. Set RetripType = Retrip Off.
2. Apply the fault condition with current over the set value.
3. Verify that retrip in phase L1 is not achieved.
6.2.2 Checking the retrip function with current check
Procedure
1. Set RetripType = I> check.
3. Verify that retrip is achieved after t1 that back-up trip is achieved af-
ter t2.
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Breaker failure protection (BFP) Chapter 13
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6.2.3 Checking the retrip function without current check
Procedure
1. Set RetripType = No I> check.
2. Apply the fault condition with current below the set value.
3. Verify that retrip is achieved after t1.
5. Verify that back-up trip is achieved after t2.

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Broken conductor check (BRC) Chapter 13
injection
7 Broken conductor check (BRC)

this chapter.
7.1 Measuring the operate and time limit of set values

Procedure
1. Check that the input logical signal BRC-BLOCK is logical zero and
note on the local HMI that the BRC-TRIP logical signal is equal to the
logical 0.
Values of the logical signals belonging to the broken conductor check
function are available under menu tree:
ServiceReport/Functions/BrokenConduct/FuncOutputs
2. Quickly set the measured current (fault current) in one phase to

about 110% of the setting (IP>) operating current, and switch off the
current with the switch.
Observe the maximum permitted overloading of the current circuits in the
terminal.
3. Switch on the fault current and measure the operating time of the
BRC protection.
Use the BRC--TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the
timer.
4. Compare the measured time with the set value t.

5. Activate the BRC--BLOCK binary input.
6. Switch on the fault current (110% of the setting) and wait longer than
the set value t.
No BRC--TRIP signal should appear.
7. Switch off the fault current.

8. Quickly set the measured current (fault current) in same phase to
about 90% of the setting operating current, and switch off the current
with the switch.
9. Switch on the fault current and wait longer than the set value t.
No BRC--TRIP signal should appear.

11. Continue to test another function or complete the test by setting the
test mode to off.
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Communication channel test logic (CCHT) Chapter 13
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8 Communication channel test logic (CCHT)

this chapter.
8.1 Testing the logic
1. Set all the timers according to the recommendations.

2. Activate the CCHT--CR binary input.
3. Measure the CCHT--CS binary output.
A pulse should appear “tCS”.
4. Activate the CCHT--START and wait longer than “tWait”.

The CCHT--ALARM should appear.
5. Activate the CCHT--RESET to reset the alarm.

6. When the communication channel is connected, activate the
CCHT--START and wait for the signal to come back.
The CCHT--CHOK should appear.

test mode to off.
116
Current circuit supervision (CTSU) Chapter 13
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9 Current circuit supervision (CTSU)

this chapter.
The current circuit supervision function is conveniently tested with the same 3-phase test set as
used when testing the measuring functions in the REx 5xx.
Procedure
1. Check the input circuits and the operate value of the IMinOp current
level detector by injecting current, one phase at a time.
2. Check the phase current blocking function for all three phases by in-
jecting current, one phase at a time.
The output signals shall reset with a delay of 1 s when the current exceeds
1.5·I1b.
3. Inject a current 0.90·I1b to phase L1 and a current 0.15·I1b to the ref-

erence current input (I5).
4. Decrease slowly the current to the reference current input and check
that blocking is obtained when the current is about 0.10·I1b.
test mode to off.
117
Current reversal and weak end infeed Chapter 13
logic (ZCAL) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
10 Current reversal and weak end infeed

logic (ZCAL)
this chapter.
The testing instructions are related to each separate phase, when phase segregated scheme com-
munication logic ZC1P is used. Only one type of fault is necessary, when three-phase scheme
communication logic ZCOM is used.
The current reversal logic and the week end infeed functions are tested during the secondary in-
jection test of the impedance or overcurrent protection zones together with the scheme commu-
nication logic (ZCOM or ZC1P).
10.1 Current reversal logic

It is possible to check the delay of the ZCOM-CS (ZC1P-CSLn) carrier send signal with tDelay
by changing from a reverse to a forward fault.
By continuously activating the ZCOM-CR (ZC1P-CRLn) input and changing from a reverse to
a forward fault, the delay tDelay can be checked.
10.1.1 Checking of current reversal
Note!
The reverse zone timer must not operate before the forward zone fault is applied. The user might
need to block the reverse zone timer during testing of current reversal.
Note!
The forward zone timer must be set longer than 90 ms.
Procedure
1. Activate the carrier receive (ZCOM-CRLn) signal.
2. Set the healthy condition to an impedance at 50% of the reach of the
reverse zone connected to ZCAL-IRVLn.
3. After the start condition is obtained for reverse zone, apply a fault at
50% of the reach of the forward zone connected to ZCAL-WEIBLKLn.
4. Check that correct trip outputs and external signals are obtained for
the type of fault generated.
The operation time should be about the tDelay setting longer than the car-
rier accelerated trip (ZCOM-TRIP or ZC1P-TRLn) previously recorded
for permissive scheme communication.
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5. Repeat the procedure for other phases.

Only when ZC1P is used.
6. Restore the forward and reverse zone timer to its original setting.
10.2 Weak end infeed logic

10.2.1 WEI logic at permissive schemes
Procedure
1. Check the blocking of the echo with the injection of a ZCOM-CR or
ZC1P-CRLn signal >40 ms after a reverse fault is applied.
2. Measure the duration of the echoed signal by applying a ZCOM-CR
or ZC1P-CRLn carrier receive signal.
3. Check the trip functions and the voltage level for trip by reducing a
phase voltage and applying a ZCOM-CR or ZC1P-CRLn carrier re-
ceive signal.
10.2.2 Testing conditions

Only one type of fault is sufficient, with ZCOM function. Apply three faults (one in each phase),
when ZC1P function is used. For phase L1-N fault, set these parameters:
Table 23:
Phase I (Amps) Phase-angle V (Volts) Phase-angle
(Deg) (Deg)
L1 0 0 Set less than UPN< 0
L2 0 240 63 240
L3 0 120 63 120
Change all settings cyclically for other faults (L2-N and L3-N).
Weak end infeed set for trip

1. Apply input signals according table 23.
2. Activate the carrier receive (ZCOM-CR or ZC1P-CRLn) signal of the
terminal.
3. After the relay has operated, turn off the input signals.
4. Check that trip, carrier-send signal, and indication are obtained.
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Weak end infeed set for echo

1. Apply input signals according table 23.
2. Activate the carrier receive (ZCOM-CR or ZC1P-CRLn) signal of the
terminal.
3. After the relay has operated turn off the input signals.
4. Check that the carrier send signal is obtained.

Continue to test another function or complete the test by setting the test mode to off.
120
Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for Chapter 13
residual overcurrent protection (EFCA) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
11 Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for

residual overcurrent protection (EFCA)
Prepare the terminal for verification of settings as outlined in section2 "Preparing for test" in this
chapter.
First, test the time delayed residual overcurrent protection according to the corresponding in-
struction. Then continue with the instructions below.
Logical signals for current reversal and WEI logic for residual overcurrent protection are avail-
able under menu tree:
Service Report/Functions/EarthFault/ComlRevWeiEF/FuncOutputs
11.1 Testing the current reversal logic

Procedure
1. Inject the polarising voltage 3U0 to 5% of Ub and the phase angle be-
tween voltage and current to 155°, the current leading the voltage.
2. Inject current (155° leading the voltage) in one phase to about 110%
of the setting operating current (IN>Dir).
3. Check that the EFCA-IRVL output is activated after the set time
(tPickUp).
4. Abruptly reverse the current to 65° lagging the voltage, to operate
the forward directional element.
5. Check that the EFCA-IRVL output still is activated after the reversal
with a time delay that complies with the setting (tDelay).
6. Switch off the polarising voltage and the current.
11.2 Testing the weak-end-infeed logic

11.2.1 If setting parameter WEI=Echo
Procedure
tween voltage and current to 155°, the current leading the voltage.
3. Activate the EFCA-CRL binary input.
No EFCA-ECHO and EFC--CS should appear.
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injection

No EFCA-ECHO and EFC--CS should appear.
5. Switch off the current and check that the EFCA-ECHO and EFC--CS
appears on the corresponding binary output or on the local HMI unit,
about 200 ms after resetting the directional element.
6. Switch off the EFCA-CRL binary input.
7. Activate the EFCA-BLOCK binary input.
No EFCA--ECHO and EFC--CS should appear.
9. Switch off the polarising voltage and reset the EFCA-BLOCK and EF-
CA-CRL binary input.
11.2.2 If setting WEI=Trip
Procedure
1. Inject the polarising voltage 3U0 to about 90% of the setting (Ugr) op-
erating voltage.
No EFCA-ECHO, EFC--CS and EFCA-TRWEI outputs should appear.
3. Increase the injected voltage to about 110% of the setting (Ugr) op-
erating voltage.
5. Check that the EFCA-ECHO, EFC--CS and EFCA-TRWEI appears on
the corresponding binary output or on the local HMI unit.
6. Reset the EFCA-CRL binary input.
7. Activate the EFCA-BLOCK binary input.
No EFCA-ECHO, EFC--CS and EFCA-TRWEI outputs should appear.
9. Reset the EFCA-CRL and EFCA-BLOCK binary input.

10. Inject the polarising voltage 3U0 to about 110% of the setting (Ugr)
and the phase angle between voltage and current to 155°, the current
leading the voltage.
No EFCA-ECHO, EFC--CS and EFCA-TRWEI should appear.
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injection
No EFCA-ECHO, EFC--CS and EFCA-TRWEI should appear.
14. Switch off the current and check that the EFCA-ECHO, EFC--CS and
EFCA-TRWEI appears on the corresponding binary output or on the
local HMI unit, about 200 ms after resetting the directional element.
15. Switch off the polarising voltage and reset the EFCA-CRL binary in-
put.

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Dead line detection (DLD) Chapter 13
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12 Dead line detection (DLD)

this chapter.
Measure the set operate values for currents and voltages. Observe the functional output signals
on the local HMI under the menu:
ServiceReport/Functions/DeadLineDet/FuncOutputs
It is also possible to configure the output signals to the binary outputs for testing purposes.
Procedure
1. Set the currents and voltages in phases L1, L2, and L3 to their rated
values.
2. Decrease the current in phase L1 slowly, until the DLD--STIL1 signal
changes to a logical 1.
Observe the functional output signal DLD--STIL1 on the HMI.
3. Record the value and compare it with the set value IP<.
4. Increase the current to its original value.
5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 for phases L2 (signal DLD--STIL2) and L3 (signal
DLD--STIL3).
6. Decrease the voltage in phase L1 slowly, until the DLD--STUL1 sig-
nal changes to a logical 1.
Observe the functional output signal DLD--STUL1 on the HMI.
7. Record the value and compare it with the set value UP<.
8. Increase the voltage to its original value.
9. Repeat steps 6 to 8 for phases L2 (signal DLD--STUL2) and L3 (signal
DLD--STUL3).
10. Make sure that all signals are reconfigured to their initial state.
test mode to off.
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Disturbance recorder (DR) Chapter 13
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13 Disturbance recorder (DR)

Evaluation of the results from the disturbance recording function requires access to a worksta-
tion either permanently connected to the terminal or temporarily connected to the serial port on
the front. The CAP tool software package must be installed in the workstation.
Disturbance upload can be performed by the use of SMS 510, CAP 540 or by any third party
tool with IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. Disturbance files can be analyzed by any tool reading
Comtrade formatted disturbance files including REVAL and WinEve.
It could be useful to have a printer for hard copies. The behavior of the disturbance recording
function can be checked when protective functions of the terminal are tested. When the terminal
is set to operate in test mode, there is a separate setting for operation of the disturbance report,
which also affects the disturbance recorder.
A manual trig can be started any time. This results in a snap-shot of the actual values of all re-
corded channels.
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Event counter (CN) Chapter 13
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14 Event counter (CN)

The function can be tested by connecting a binary input to the counter under test and from out-
side apply pulses to the counter. The speed of pulses must not exceed 10 per second. Normally
the counter will be tested in connection with tests on the function that the counter is connected
to, such as trip logic. When configured, test it together with the function which operates it. Trig
the function and check that the counter has followed the number of operations.
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Event function (EV) Chapter 13
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15 Event function (EV)

During testing, the terminal can be set in test mode from the PST. The functionality of the event
reporting during test mode is set from the PST as follows:
• Use event masks

• Report no events
• Report all events
In Test Mode, individual event blocks can be blocked from the PST.
Individually event blocks can also be blocked from the local HMI under the menu:
Test/TestMode/BlockEventFunc
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Event recorder (ER) Chapter 13
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16 Event recorder (ER)

During testing, the event recorder can be switched off if desired. This is found in the SMS or
Substation Control System (SCS).
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Fault locator (FLOC) Chapter 13
injection
17 Fault locator (FLOC)

this chapter.
The distance to fault, as calculated for each fault separately, will automatically be displayed on
the local HMI for each fault that also causes the non-delayed tripping operation and has been
detected by the built-in, phase-selection function. The FLOC- function will not calculate the dis-
tance to the fault if faults are repeated in periods shorter than 10 seconds. The values of the cur-
rents and voltages are stored in the terminal memory as new disturbances. Start of the calculation
of a distance to fault can always be manually initiated.
Distances to faults for the last 10 recorded disturbances can be found on the local HMI under the
menu:
DisturbReport/Disturbances/Disturbance n (n=1-10)/FaultLocator
Table 24: Test settings

Parameter: Condition:
I Higher than 30% Ir
Healthy conditions U = 63,5 V, I = 0 A & ZF = 0°
Impedance |Z| Test point
Note:
• Zx ≤ (X0 + 2 · X1)/3For single-phase faults
• Zx ≤ X1For three and two phase faults
• Zx ≤ (X0 + 2 · X1 XM)/3For single-phase fault with mutual
zero-sequence current
Impedance angle ZΦ Test angle
• ZΦ arctan[(X0 + 2 · X1) / (R0 + 2R1)] For single-phase faults
• ZΦ arctan(X1/R1)For two-phase faults
17.1 Measuring the operate limit

Procedure
1. Set the test point (|Z| fault impedance and ZΦ impedance phase
angle ) for a condition that meets the requirements in table 24.
2. Supply the relay with healthy conditions for at least two seconds.
3. Apply a fault condition.
Check that the distance-to-fault value displayed on the HMI complies
with the following equations (the error should be less than five percent):
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Fault locator (FLOC) Chapter 13
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Z
p = ------x- ⋅ 100
X1
(Equation 1)
in % for two- and three-phase faults
3 ⋅ Zx
- ⋅ 100
p = ----------------------------
X0 + 2 ⋅ X1
(Equation 2)
in % for single-phase-to-earth faults
3 ⋅ Zx
p = --------------------------------------------- ⋅ 100
X0 + 2 ⋅ X1 ± XM
(Equation 3)
in % for single-phase-to-earth faults with mutual zero sequence current.
Where:
p = the expected value of a distance to fault in percent
Zx = set test point on the test set
X0 = set zero-sequence reactance of a line
X1 = set positive-sequence reactance of a line
XM = set mutual zero-sequence impedance of a line

130
Four step time delayed directional residual Chapter 13
overcurrent protection (EF4) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
18 Four step time delayed directional residual

overcurrent protection (EF4)
this chapter. Specially check the configuration of input and output logical signals depending on
the setting Imeasured and UMeasured.
Check that the input logical signals EF4--BLOCK and E4F--BLKTR are logical zero and note
on the local HMI that the EF4--TRIP logical signal is equal to the logical 0. Logical signals for
4-step residual overcurrent protection are available under menu tree:
Service Report/Functions/EarthFault/4StepEF/FuncOutputs
18.1 Testing the direction measuring element

Procedure
1. Inject the polarising voltage -3U0 to 5% of Ub and the phase angle
between voltage and current to 65°, the current lagging the voltage.
2. Inject current (65° lagging the voltage) in one phase until the
EF4--STFW signal appears on the corresponding binary output or on
the local HMI unit.
3. Compare the measured operating current with the set value.
4. Activate the EF4--BLOCK binary input.
The EF4--STFW signal should disappear.
5. Switch off the current.

6. Reset the EF4--BLOCK.
7. Reverse the current to 155° leading.
8. Inject the current until the EF4--STRV signal appears on the corre-
sponding binary output or on the local HMI.
9. Compare the measured operating current with the set value
(0.6·IN>Dir).
10. Switch off the current and the polarising voltage.
18.2 Testing the current step 4.
Note!
Before the test, the “operation mode” in current step 1-3 has to be set “OFF”.
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18.2.1 Testing the setting “NonDirNonRestr” or “Restrained”
Procedure
1. Inject current (measured current) in one phase until the signal
EF4--STIN4 appears on the corresponding binary output or on the lo-
cal HMI unit.
2. Compare the measured operating current with the set value IN4>.
4. If “Restrained” is used, inject current (110% of the setting) with 25%
and 40% of 2nd harmonic, to find out the setting of “2ndHarmStab”.
Wait longer than the time setting.
No EF4--TRIP signal should appear if the harmonic content is higher
then the setting (2ndHarmStab).

6. Continue with section 18.2.4 "Testing the characteristic setting
1=NI, 2=VI, 3=EI or 4=LOG" or 18.2.5 "Testing the characteristic set-
ting 0=DEF" depending on the setting.
18.2.2 Testing the setting “ForwRelease” or “ForwRelRestr”
Procedure
cal HMI unit.

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18.2.3 Testing the setting “RevBlock” or “RevBlRestr”
Procedure
cal HMI unit.
4. If “RevBlRestr” is used, inject current (110% of the setting) with 25%

between voltage and current to 155°, the current leading the voltage.
the time setting.
No EF4--TRIP should appear.

18.2.4 Testing the characteristic setting 1=NI, 2=VI, 3=EI or 4=LOG
1. For NI, Quickly set the measured current (fault current) in one phase
to about 200% of the setting operating current (IN>Inv), and switch
off the current with the switch.
EF4 protection.
Use the EF4--TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the
timer.
3. Compare the measured time with the set value k.

The measured time should be ten times the “k” setting, except the “LOG”
function, which is independent of “k”. The result for “LOG” should be
four seconds.
4. Subtract the time setting (t4) from the results if the timer is used.
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injection
5. Check that the operate time is equal to “tmin” when injecting the ap-
propriate current according to the characteristic.
6. Increase the current and check that the operate time remains un-
changed.
7. Activate the EF4-BLKTR binary input.
the time setting.
No EF4--TRIP should appear, only start signal “EF4--STIN4”.

10. Reset the EF4-BLKTR input.
11. Repeat step 1 to 10 for settings VI, EI and LOG.
Set the measured current (fault current) in one phase to about 240% of the
operating current for VI, 300% for EI and 380% for LOG in step 1.
18.2.5 Testing the characteristic setting 0=DEF

about 110% of the setting operating current (IN4>), and switch off the
terminal.
EF4 protection.
timer.
3. Compare the measured time with the set value t4.

the set value t4.

18.3 Testing the “Blocking at parallel transformer” function.

Inject the polarising voltage and current according to above.
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injection
Procedure
1. Inject current in one phase to about 110% of the setting with 2nd har-
monic (40% higher than the setting “2ndHarmStab”).
2. Inject current in same phase to about 110% of the setting (50 Hz).
3. Switch off the fault current with harmonic content.
No EF4--TRIP should appear. (If the setting is 0=Off, EF4--TRIP should
appear).
4. Switch off the fault current (50 Hz).
18.4 Testing the current step 1-3

Note: Before the test, restore the “operation mode” in current step 1-3.
18.4.1 Testing the setting “NonDirNonRestr” or “Restrained”
Procedure
cal HMI unit.
Wait longer than the set value t1.

6. Continue with section 18.4.4.
18.4.2 Testing the setting “ForwRelease” or “ForwRelRestr”
Procedure
cal HMI unit.
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injection


18.4.3 Testing the setting “RevBlock” or “RevBlRestr”
Procedure
cal HMI unit.
4. If “RevBlRestr” is used, inject current (110% of the setting) with 25%

between voltage and current to 155°, the current leading the voltage.
the set value t1.
8. Switch off the fault current and the polarising voltage.

18.4.4 Testing the time setting “t1”
Procedure
terminal.
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injection
EF4 protection.
timer.
3. Compare the measured time with the set value t1.

the set value t1.

8. Continue with section 18.4.4 for current step 2 and 3.
18.5 Testing the Switch-onto-fault

18.5.1 Testing the switch-onto-fault with setting 1 = IN2> and 2 = IN4>Res
Procedure
terminal.
2. Activate the EF4--BC binary input and switch on the fault current.
timer. The time should be 300 ms.
18.5.2 Testing the switch-onto-fault with setting 2 = IN4>Res
Procedure
terminal.
2. Activate the EF4--BC binary input and switch on the fault current.
timer.
3. Compare the measured time with the set value t4U.
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138
Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) Chapter 13
injection
19 Fuse failure supervision (FUSE)

Prepare the terminal for verification of settings as outlined in sectction 2 "Preparing for test" in
this chapter.
The verification is divided in two main parts. The first part is common to all fuse failure super-
vision options, and checks that binary inputs and outputs operate as expected according to actual
configuration. In the second part the relevant set operate values are measured.
The corresponding binary signals that inform the operator about the operation of the FUSE func-
tion are available on the local human-machine interface (HMI) unit under the menu:
Service Report/Functions/FuseFailure/FuncOutputs
19.1 Checking that the binary inputs and outputs

operate as expected
Procedure
1. Simulate normal operating conditions with the three-phase currents
in phase with their corresponding phase voltages and with all of
them equal to their rated values.
2. Connect the nominal dc voltage to the FUSE-DISC binary input.
• The signal FUSE-VTSU should appear with almost no time delay.
• No signals FUSE-VTSZ and FUSE-VTF3PH should appear on the
terminal.
• Only the distance protection function operates.
• No other undervoltage-dependent functions must operate.
3. Disconnect the dc voltage from the FUSE-DISC binary input terminal.

4. Connect the nominal dc voltage to the FUSE-MCB binary input.
• The FUSE-VTSU and FUSE-VTSZ signals should appear without
any time delay.
• No undervoltage-dependent functions must operate.
5. Disconnect the dc voltage from the FUSE-MCB binary input terminal.

6. Disconnect one of the phase voltages and observe the logical output
signals on the terminal binary outputs.
FUSE-VTSU and FUSE-VTSZ signals should simultaneously appear.
7. After more than 5 seconds disconnect the remaining two phase volt-
ages and all three currents.
• There should be no change in the high status of the output signals
FUSE-VTSU and FUSE-VTSZ.
• The signal FUSE-VTF3PH will appear.
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injection
8. Simultaneously establish normal voltage and current operating con-

ditions and observe the corresponding output signals.
They should change to the logical 0 as follows:
• Signal FUSE-VTF3PH after about 25 ms

• Signal FUSE-VTSU after about 50 ms
• Signal FUSE-VTSZ after about 200 ms
19.2 Measuring the operate value for the

negative sequence function
Measure the operate value for the negative sequence function, if included in the terminal.
Procedure
2. Slowly decrease the measured voltage in one phase until the
FUSE-VTSU signal appears.
3. Record the measured voltage and calculate the corresponding neg-
ative-sequence voltage according to the equation.
Observe that the voltages in the equation are phasors:
2
3 ⋅ U 2 = UL 1 + a ⋅ U L 2 + a ⋅ U L3
(Equation 4)
Where:
U L1 U L2 and UL3 = the measured phase voltages
2⋅π
j -----------
3 3
a = 1⋅e = – 0, 5 + j -------
2
4. Compare the result with the set value (consider that the set value
3U2> is in percentage of the base voltage U1b) of the negative-se-
quence operating voltage.
19.3 Measuring the operate value for the zero sequence function
Measure the operate value for the zero sequence function, if included in the terminal.
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Procedure
2. Slowly decrease the measured voltage in one phase until the
FUSE-VTSU signal appears.
3. Record the measured voltage and calculate the corresponding ze-
ro-sequence voltage according to the equation.
Observe that the voltages in the equation are phasors.
3 ⋅ U0 = U L1 + UL2 + U L3
(Equation 5)
Where:
UL 1 , U L2 and U L 3 = the measured phase voltages.
4. Compare the result with the set value (consider that the set value
3U0> is in percentage of the base voltage U1b) of the zero-sequence
operating voltage.
19.4 Checking the operation of the du/dt, di/dt based function

Check the operation of the du/dt, di/dt based function, if included in the terminal.
Procedure
2. Connect the nominal dc voltage to the FUSE-CBCLOSED binary in-
put.
3. Change the voltages and currents in all three phases simultanously.
The voltage change should be greater then set DU> and the current
change should be less than the set DI<.
• The FUSE-VTSU and FUSE-VTSZ signals appear without any time

delay. If the remaining voltage levels are higher than the set U< of
the DLD function, only a pulse is achieved.
• FUSE-VTF3PH should appear after 5 seconds, if the remaining volt-
age levels are lower than the set U< of the DLD function.
141
injection
4. Apply normal conditions as in step 1.

The FUSE-VTSU, FUSE-VTSZ and FUSE-VTF3PH signals should re-
set, if activated. See step 3.
5. Change the voltages and currents in all three phases simultanously.

The voltage change should be greater then set DU> and the current
change should be greater then the set DI<.
The FUSE-VTSU, FUSE-VTSZ and FUSE-VTF3PH signals should not

appear.
6. Disconnect the dc voltage to the FUSE-CBCLOSED binary input.

7. Apply normal conditions as in step 1.
8. Repeat step 3.
9. Connect the nominal voltages in all three phases and feed a current
below the operate level in all three phases.
10. Keep the current constant. Disconnect the voltage in all three phas-
es simultaneously.
The FUSE-VTSU, FUSE-VTSZ and FUSE-VTF3PH signals should not
appear.

142
General fault criteria (GFC) Chapter 13
injection
20 General fault criteria (GFC)

this chapter.
The GFC measuring elements operate in underimpedance mode according to the same measur-
ing principles as the impedance measuring zones. It is therefore necessary to follow the same
principles when performing the secondary injection tests.
20.1 Testing the underimpedance mode

The measured loop reactance in forward direction should correspond to the following expres-
sion:
1
Xm = --- ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ X1FwPE + X0F wPE )
3
(Equation 6)
A similar expression also applies to the measured loop impedance in reverse direction:
1
Xm = --- ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ X1RvPE + X0R vPE )
3
(Equation 7)
The measured loop resistances in forward and reverse direction should correspond directly to the
set values for the single-phase-to-earth-faults: RFPE and RLd.
143
injection
jX
XFW
LA RF R
RLoad
XRV
en04000122.vsd
Figure 30: Operating characteristics of the GFC
The measured phase reactance in forward direction should correspond directly to the set value
X1FwPP. Similar applies also to the measured phase reactance in reverse direction, which must
correspond directly to the set value X1RvPP.
The measured phase resistances in forward and reverse direction should correspond to the fol-
lowing expressions:
1
Rm = --- ⋅ RFPP
2
(Equation 8)
and
1
Rm = --- ⋅ RLd
2
(Equation 9)
144
injection
The test is proposed to be carried out with constant current equal to rated current and lower the
voltage until operation of the GFC.
The testing procedure for the manual testing of the operating characteristics of different imped-
ance measuring zones and different faults is:
Procedure
1. Configure all the GFC start signals (GFC--STFWL1, GFC--STFWL2,
GFC--STFWL3, GFC--STFWPE and so on to the selected binary out-
puts.
2. Set up the test equipment for three-phase impedance configuration
and choose impedance plain when applicable.
3. Connect the corresponding GFC--STFn signal to the test equipment
binary input No.1.
4. Set the test equipment to these parameters in the 3PZ display:
5. Set Z fault impedance and Z impedance angle for the GFC under test
at +10% of the zone setting for one of the suggested testing points.
6. Supply the terminal with healthy conditions for at least two seconds.
7. Apply fault conditions.
8. Slowly decrease the measured Z impedance until the tested zone op-
erates.
9. Check that the correct signal (GFC--STFWLn) appears on the HMI.
10. Compare the result of the measurement with the setting values.
11. Repeat steps 5 to 8 for other measuring points of the same GFC mea-
suring zone in both forward and reverse direction.
12. Repeat steps 1 to 11 for all combinations of phase to ground fault.
13. Repeat 1 to 11 for phase to phase faults for all combinations when
applicable.
20.2 Testing the overcurrent operating mode

The basic configuration of the measuring equipment and the tested terminal should be the same
as that for the measurement of operating characteristics under the impedance measuring mode.
The initial conditions for the measurement should also be the same.
When testing the GFC measuring elements in the corresponding phases it is necessary to slowly
increase the current in the measured phase until the corresponding phase's selection signal (for
the non-directional operation of the GFC) appears on the local HMI unit. If the two-phase or
three-phase operation is of interest, the corresponding currents should be increased simulta-
neously. Compare the operating value with the set value for IP>.
When testing the residual current measuring element, it is necessary to slowly increase the mea-
sured current in one phase-to-earth-fault loop until the signal GFC--STPE appears on the local
HMI unit. Compare the operating value with the set value for IN>.
145
injection
Procedure
1. The test equipment must be set up for the “General” three-phase
voltage and current source.
2. Configure the GFC--STLn signals to the corresponding binary out-
puts of the terminal, and connect them one after another to the cor-
responding binary inputs on the test equipment (when applicable).
3. Configure the binary input of the test equipment, corresponding to
the signal condition from GFC--STLn.
4. On the six generators, set nominal current and voltage conditions in
all three phases with 120 degrees phase shift between the phases
(L1 reference).
5. Lower the voltage manually in phase L1 until the appropriate signal
appears on the binary input on the test equipment.
6. Compare the measured results with the corresponding setting val-
ues IP> and IN>.
7. Repeat the measurement in the other two phases and compare the
results with the setting values IP> and IN>.
8. Repeat the measurement in one phase and observe the GFC--STPE
signal that indicates the operation of the measuring element for the
residual current.
9. Compare the measured results with the corresponding setting val-
ues.
20.3 Testing the phase preference logic

The phase preference logic is tested with a three-phase testing equipment for distance protec-
tions. Initiating a two-phase-to-earth fault with the current disconnected in one of the faulty
phases performs the test. Tripping is allowed only in a phase with preference to the disconnect-
ed, in accordance with the preference scheme. The test is repeated with all three types of
two-phase-to-earth faults, and one of the faulty phases disconnected from the current, one by one
(totally 6 shots).

146
High speed binary output logic (HSBO) Chapter 13
injection
21 High speed binary output logic (HSBO)

this chapter.
Since the high-speed binary out logic is dependent upon other function blocks (HS---, ZM1-,
ZC1P-, ZCOM- and TRIP-) in order to operate, those functions have to be set into operating
mode (On).
21.1 HSBO- trip from communication logic

Whenever a trip appears during these tests, it should be possible to block it through the function
input HSBO-BLKZCTR. Activation of either HSBO-BLKHSTR or HSBO-BLKHSCS should
not block the trip outputs in this case. It should also be possible to block the trip signals at the
backing function from which the internal signals are derived (ZC1P, ZCOM or TRIP).
Note!
No carrier send should appear during the tests in this section.
Test for three of the trip schemes in ZC1P (Blocking Scheme not included).
Procedure
1. Apply inputs in different combinations to ZC1P-CACCLn, ZC1P-CR-
Lm / ZC1P-CRMPH and check the outputs of HSBO-TRLx. For each
trip, test the blocking action for all three HSBO blocking inputs and
ZC1P-BLOCK.Check results according to the used scheme.
ZC1P/SchemeType = Intertrip
No local trip condition is required (-CACCLn). Trip output HSBO-TRLx

will be activated directly according to corresponding -CRLx. Activation
of -CRMPH should result in a three-phase trip.
ZC1P/SchemeType = PermissiveUR
When -CACCLn is applied in the same time as -CRLn (same phases), a

trip output should appear in the n-phase(s), HSBO-TRLn. If -CRMPH is
applied instead of -CRLn, a trip should appear in the same phase as
-CACCLn.
ZC1P/SchemeType = PermissiveOR
Same result as for the permissive underreach test should be obtained.
2. Remove applied signals.
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High speed binary output logic (HSBO) Chapter 13
injection
21.2 ZCOM trip schemes

Test for three of the trip schemes in ZCOM (Blocking Scheme not included) together with TRIP.
Procedure
1. Apply inputs in different combinations to TRIP-PSLn, ZCOM-CACC
and ZCOM-CR and check the outputs of HSBO-TRLx. For each trip
test the blocking action for all three HSBO blocking inputs,
ZCOM-BLOCK and TRIP-BLOCK. Check results according to the
used scheme and trip program.
• ZCOM/SchemeType = Intertrip
• TRIP/Program = 1/2/3ph
When -PSLn is applied in the same time as -CR, a trip output should ap-
pear in the n-phase(s), HSBO-TRLn.
• ZCOM/SchemeType = PermissiveUR
• TRIP/Program = 1/3ph
When -PSLn is applied in the same time as -CACC and -CR, a trip output
should appear in the n-phase(s), HSBO-TRLn.
• ZCOM/SchemeType = PermissiveOR
• TRIP/Program = 3ph
Each time -CACC and -CR are activated at the same time, a three-phase
trip should be obtained, independent of any phase selection (-PSLn).
2. Remove applied signals.

148
Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent Chapter 13
protection (IOC) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
22 Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent

protection (IOC)
this chapter.
Ensure that the maximum continuous current of the terminal does not exceed four times its rated
value.
22.1 Measuring the operate limit of set values

22.1.1 Phase overcurrent protection
Procedure
1. Inject a phase current in the terminal with start below the setting val-
ue.
2. Increase the injected current in the Ln phase until the IOC--TRLn
(n=1-3) signal appears.
terminal.
4. Compare the measured operating current with the set value.

149
Loss of voltage check (LOV) Chapter 13
injection
23 Loss of voltage check (LOV)

this chapter.

Procedure
1. Check that the input logical signals LOV-BLOCK, LOV-BC and
LOV-VTSU are logical zero.
2. Supply a three phase rated voltage in all three phases and note on
the local HMI that the LOV-TRIP logical signal is equal to the logical
0.
Logical signals for loss of voltage check protection are available under
menu tree:
ServiceReport/Functions/LossOfVoltage/FuncOutputs
3. Switch off the voltage in all three phases.

After seven seconds LOV-TRIP signal appears on the corresponding bi-
nary output or on the local HMI. Note that LOV--TRIP at this time is a
pulse signal, duration should be about 150 ms.
4. Inject the measured voltages to their rated values for at least three
seconds.
5. Activate the LOV-BC binary input.
6. Simultaneously disconnect all the three phase voltages from the ter-
minal.
No LOV-TRIP signal should appear.
seconds.
8. Activate the LOV-VTSU binary input.
minal.
10. Reset the LOV-VTSU binary input.

seconds.
12. Activate the LOV-BLOCK binary input.
150
Loss of voltage check (LOV) Chapter 13
injection
minal.
14. Reset the LOV-BLOCK binary input.

test mode to off.
151
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) Chapter 13
injection
24 Supervision of AC input quantities (DA)

Stabilized ac current and voltage generators and corresponding current, voltage, power and fre-
quency meters with very high accuracy are necessary for testing the alternating quantity mea-
suring function. The operating ranges of the generators must correspond to the rated alternate
current and voltage of each terminal.
Prepare the terminal for verification of settings as outlined in section “Preparing for test” in this
chapter. Connect the generators and instruments to the corresponding input terminals of a unit
under test.

Procedure
1. Supply the terminal with voltages and currents.
Check that the values presented on the HMI unit correspond to the mag-
nitude of input measured quantities within the limits of declared accura-
cy. The mean service values are available under the submenu:
Service Report/ServiceValues
The phasors of up to five input currents and voltages are available under
the submenu:
Service Report/Phasors/Primary
2. Check the operation of ADBS or IDBS when applicable. Compare

with the expected values.
The operation of ADBS or IDBS function can be checked separately with
the RepInt = 0 setting. The value on the HMI follows the changes in the
input measuring quantity continuously.
3. Check the set operate levels of the monitoring function by changing

the magnitude of input quantities and observing the operation of the
corresponding output relays.
The output contact changes its state when the changes in the input mea-
suring quantity are higher than the set values HIWARN, HIALARM, or
lower than the set values LOWWARN, LOWALARM.

152
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) Chapter 13
injection
25 Supervision of mA input quantities (MI)

A stabilized direct current generator and mA meter with very high accuracy for measurement of
direct current is needed in order to test the dc measuring module. The generator operating range
and the measuring range of the mA meter must be at least between -25 and 25 mA.
this chapter. Connect the current generator and mA meter to the direct current input channels to
be tested.

Procedure
1. Consider the need to block output signals.
2. Check that the values presented on the HMI module corresponds to
the magnitude of input direct current within the limits of declared ac-
curacy.
The service value is available under the submenu:
Service Report/I/O/Slotnm-MIMx/MIxy-Value
where:
nm represents the serial number of a slot with tested mA input module
x represents the serial number of a mA input module in a terminal
y represents the serial number of a measuring channel on module x.
3. Check the operation of ADBS or IDBS function when applicable.

Compare with the expected values.
The operation of ADBS or IDBS function can be checked separately with
the setting of RepInt = 0. The value on the HMI must change only when
the changes in input current (compared to the present value) are higher
than the set value for the selected dead band.
4. Check the operating monitoring levels by changing the magnitude of

input current and observing the operation of the corresponding out-
put relays.
The output contact changes its state when the changes in the input mea-
suring quantity are higher than the set values RMAXAL, HIWARN, HI-
ALARM, or lower than the set values LOWWARN, LOWALARM,
RMINAL.
153
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) Chapter 13
injection

154
Multiple command (CM) Chapter 13
injection
26 Multiple command (CM)

Test of the multiple command function block is recommended to be performed in a system, that
is, either in a complete delivery system as an acceptance test (FAT/SAT) or as parts of that sys-
tem, because the command function blocks are connected in a delivery-specific way between
bays and the station level.
Command function blocks included in the operation of different built-in functions must be tested
at the same time as their corresponding functions.
155
Overload supervision (OVLD) Chapter 13
injection
27 Overload supervision (OVLD)

this chapter.

Procedure
1. Check that the input logical signals OVLD-BLOCK is logical zero and
note on the local HMI that the OVLD-TRIP logical signal is equal to
the logical 0.
Logical signals for overload supervision protection are available under
menu tree:
ServiceReport/Functions/OverLoad/FuncOutputs
2. Quickly set the measured current (fault current) in all three phases
to about 110% of the setting operating current, and switch off the
terminal.
OVLD protection.
Use the OVLD-TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the
timer.

5. Activate the OVLD-BLOCK binary input.
6. Switch on the fault current (110% of setting) and wait longer than the
set value t.
No OVLD-TRIP signal should appear.

8. Reset the OVLD-BLOCK binary input.
9. Quickly set the measured current (fault current) in all three phases
to about 90% of the measured operating current, and switch off the
10. Switch on the fault current and wait longer than the set value t.
No OVLD--TRIP signal should appear.
156
Overload supervision (OVLD) Chapter 13
injection
test mode to off.
157
Pole discordance protection (PD) Chapter 13
injection
28 Pole discordance protection (PD)

this chapter.
Procedure
1. Activate the PD---POLDISC binary input, and measure the operating
time of the PD protection.
Use the PD---TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the
timer.

3. Reset the PD---POLDISC binary input.
4. Activate the PD---1POPEN binary input.
(This test should be performed together with AR).
5. Activate the PD---POLDISC binary input.

No PD---TRIP signal should appear.
6. Reset both PD---1POPEN and PD---POLDISC binary inputs.

7. Activate the PD---BLOCK binary input.
8. Activate the PD---POLDISC binary input.
No PD---TRIP signal should appear.
9. Reset both PD---BLOCK and PD---POLDISC binary inputs.

test mode to off.
158
Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) Chapter 13
injection
29 Pulse counter logic for metering (PC)

The test of the pulse counter function requires at least the PST Parameter Setting Tool or SPA
(or LON) connection to a station HMI including corresponding functionality. A known number
of pulses are with different frequency connected to the pulse counter input. The test should be
performed for the settings operation = Off/On and for blocked/deblocked function. The pulse
counter value is then read by the PST or station HMI.
159
Radial feeder protection (PAP) Chapter 13
injection
30 Radial feeder protection (PAP)

this chapter.
The PAP function operates in conjunction with the teleprotection scheme where received carrier
signal (CR) is one condition for activating the function. This procedure does not cover the nec-
essary actions to test the teleprotection channel.
The corresponding binary signals informing the operator about the operation of the unit are
available in the local HMI under the menu:
ServiceReport/Functions/RadialFeederP
30.1 Testing the fast fault clearance

Procedure
1. Simulate the fault conditions in one phase by suddenly lowering the
voltage below 70% of the nominal value of the terminal.
At the same time simulate the reception of a Carrier Receive (CR) signal.
The fast fault clearance shall take place. If the fault is simulated on at
least two phases the trip will be a three-phase trip.
30.2 Testing the delayed fault clearance
1. Disconnect the wire used for the CR signal.

2. Repeat the test according to step 1 in sub task 2 above.
Depending on selection mode, that is on the setting parameters
Del1PhFltTrip, ResCurCheck, Del3PhTrip, the trip will be a single-phase
or three-phase trip with or without residual current check. See the table
below.
Parameter On Off
Del1PhFltTrip Single phase trip for single phase fault Three-phase trip for single-phase
in time tM fault in time tT
ResCurCheck Single-Phase trip with residual current Single-phase trip without residual
check current check
Del3PhTrip Time delayed trip for three-phase fault No time delayed trip for
three-phase fault
160
Radial feeder protection (PAP) Chapter 13
injection

161
Setting lockout (HMI) Chapter 13
injection
31 Setting lockout (HMI)

this chapter.
Procedure
1. Configure the HMI--BLOCKSET functional input to the binary input,
which is determined by the engineering or the input that is not used
by any other function.
2. Set the setting restriction to SettingRestrict = Block.
3. Connect rated DC voltage to the selected binary input.
4. Try to change the setting of any parameter for one of the functions.
Reading of the values must be possible.
The terminal must not respond to any attempt to change the setting value
or configuration.
5. Disconnect the control DC voltage from the selected binary input.

6. Repeat the attempt under step 4.
The terminal must accept the changed setting value or configuration.
7. Depending on the requested design for a complete REx 5xx terminal,

leave the function active or reconfigure the function into the default
configuration and set the setting restriction function out of opera-
tion to SettingRestrict = Open.

162
Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) Chapter 13
injection
32 Scheme communication logic (ZCOM)

this chapter.
Check the scheme logic during the secondary injection test of the impedance or overcurrent pro-
tection functions. For details see the ordering sheets for each particular REx 5xx terminal.
Activating the different zones verifies that the ZCOM-CS signal is issued from the intended
zones. The ZCOM-CS signal from the independent tripping zone must have a tSendMin mini-
mum time.
Check the tripping function by activating the ZCOM-CR and ZCOM-CRG inputs with the over-
reaching zone used to achieve the ZCOM-CACC signal.
It is sufficient to activate the zones with only one type of fault with the secondary injection.
32.1 Testing permissive underreach

Procedure
1. Activate carrier receive (ZCOM-CR) signal of the terminal.
3. Apply a fault condition within the permissive zone.
4. Check that correct trip outputs, external signals, and indication are
obtained for the actual type of fault generated.
5. Check that other zones operate according to their zone timer and
that the carrier send (ZCOM-CS) signal is obtained only for the zone
configured to give the actual signal.
6. Deactivate the carrier receive (ZCOM-CR) signal of the terminal.
7. Check that the trip time complies with the zone timers and that cor-
rect trip outputs, external signals, and indication are obtained for the
actual type of fault generated.
32.2 Testing permissive overreach

Procedure
1. Activate the carrier receive (ZCOM-CR) signal of the terminal.
4. Check that correct trip outputs, external signals, and indication are
obtained for the actual type of fault generated.
163
injection
5. Check that the other zones operate according to their zone timer and
that the carrier send (ZCOM-CS) signal is obtained only for the zones
that are configured to give the actual signal.
9. Check that trip time complies with the zone timers and that correct
trip outputs, external signals, and indication are obtained for the ac-
tual type of fault generated.
32.3 Testing blocking scheme

Procedure
3. Apply a fault condition within the forward directed zone used for
scheme communication tripping.
4. Check that correct trip outputs and external signals are obtained for
the type of fault generated and that the operate time complies with
the tCoord timer (plus relay-measuring time).
5. Check that the other zones operate according to their zone times and
that a carrier send (ZCOM-CS) signal is only obtained for the reverse
zone.
6. Activate the carrier receive (ZCOM-CR) signal of the terminal.
7. Apply a fault condition in the forward directed zone used for scheme
communication tripping.
8. Check that the no trip from scheme communication occurs.
9. Check that trip time from the forward directed zone used for scheme
communication tripping complies with the zone timer and that cor-
rect trip outputs, external signals, and indication are obtained for the
actual type of fault generated.
32.4 Checking of unblocking logic

Check the unblocking function (if the function is required) when you check the communication
scheme.
32.4.1 Command function with continuous unblocking (Unblock = 1)
Procedure
1. Activate the carrier guard input signal (ZCOM-CRG) of the terminal.
164
injection
2. Using the scheme selected, check that a carrier accelerated trip

(ZCOM-TRIP) is obtained when the carrier guard signal is deactivat-
ed.

165
Scheme communication logic for residual Chapter 13
overcurrent protection (EFC) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
33 Scheme communication logic for residual

overcurrent protection (EFC)
this chapter. Before testing the communication logic for residual overcurrent protection, the re-
sidual overcurrent protection has to be tested according to the corresponding instruction. Then
continue with the instructions below.
If the current reversal and weak-end-infeed logic for earth-fault protection is included, proceed
with the testing according to the corresponding instruction after the test of the communication
logic for residual overcurrent protection. The current reversal and weak-end-infeed functions
shall be tested together with the permissive scheme.
33.1 Testing the directional comparison logic function

33.1.1 Blocking scheme
Procedure
tween voltage and current to 65°, the current lagging the voltage.
2. Inject current (65° lagging the voltage) in one phase to about 110%
of the setting operating current, and switch off the current with the
switch.
EFC logic.
Use the EFC--TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the
timer.
4. Compare the measured time with the set value tCoord.

5. Activate the EFC--CR binary input.
6. Check that the EFC--CRL output is activated when EFC--CR input is
activated.
the set value tCoord.
No EFC--TRIP signal should appear.

9. Reset the EFC--CR binary input.
10. Activate the EFC--BLOCK digital input.
166
Scheme communication logic for residual Chapter 13
overcurrent protection (EFC) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
13. Reset the EFC--BLOCK digital input.
33.1.2 Permissive scheme
Procedure
tween voltage and current to 65°, the current lagging the voltage.
2. Inject current (65° lagging the voltage) in one phase to about 110%
of the setting operating current, and switch off the current with the
switch.
No EFC--TRIP signal should appear, and the EFC--CS binary output
should be activated.

5. Activate the EFC--CR binary input.
6. Switch on the fault current (110% of the setting) and measure the op-
erating time of the EFC logic.
Use the EFC--TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the
timer.
7. Compare the measured time with the set value tCoord.

8. Activate the EFC--BLOCK digital input.
11. Reset the EFC--CR binary input and the EFC--BLOCK digital input.

167
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent Chapter 13
protection (WEF1) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
34 Sensitive directional residual overcurrent

protection (WEF1)
this chapter
Figure 31 shows the connection of the test-set during the test of the sensitive directional residual
overcurrent protection. Observe that the polarizing voltage is equal to -3U0. The current inputs
I5 are specially suited for the WEF1 function.
Relay test set REx5xx
NI IN (I4 alt I5)
L1U U1
L2U U2
L3U U3
Alternatives
NU NU
-3U0 U4
TRIP
en01000093.vsd
Figure 31:
Values of the logical signals belonging to the sensitive directional residual overcurrent protec-
tion are available under menu tree:
ServiceReport/Functions/WEF1
34.1 Measuring the operate and time limit for set values
Procedure
1. Set the polarizing voltage to 1.2xUN> and the phase angle between
voltage and current to the set characteristic angle (RCA), the current
lagging the voltage.
168
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent Chapter 13
protection (WEF1) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
2. Measure that the operate current of the set directional element is

equal to the INcosPhi> setting.
The I Dir (I0 cos(Angle)) function activates the WEF1-START and
WEF1-STFW outputs at setting ‘Forward’ and WEF1-START and
WEF1-STRV outputs at setting ‘Reverse’.
3. Measure with angles ϕ = Angle +/- 45° that the measuring element op-
erates when I0 cos (Angle - ϕ) =INcosPhi>.
4. Compare the result with the set value.
5. Measure the operate time of the timer by injecting a current two
times the set I operate value and the polarizing voltage 1.2xUset.
6. Compare the results with the set value.
7. Decrease the polarizing voltage until WEF1-STU appears. Compare
it with the set value.
test mode to off.
169
Sensitive directional residual power protection Chapter 13
(WEF2) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
35 Sensitive directional residual power protection

(WEF2)
this chapter.
Figure 32 shows the connection of the test-set during the test of the sensitive directional residual
overcurrent protection. Observe that the polarizing voltage is equal to -3U0. The current inputs
I5 are specially suited for the WEF2 function.
Relay test set REx5xx
NI IN (I4 alt I5)
L1U U1
L2U U2
L3U U3
Alternatives
NU NU
-3U0 U4
TRIP
en01000093.vsd
Figure 32:
Values of the logical signals belonging to the sensitive directional residual overcurrent protec-
tion are available under menu tree:
ServiceReport/Functions/WEF2

Procedure
1. Set the polarizing voltage to 1.2xUN> and the phase angle between
voltage and current to the set characteristic angle (RCA), the current
lagging the voltage.
170
Sensitive directional residual power protection Chapter 13
(WEF2) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
2. Measure that the operate power is equal to the Iset Uset cos(Angle)
setting for the set directional element.
The function activates the WEF2-START output.
3. Measure with angles ϕ = Angle +/- 45° that the measuring element op-
erates when I0 U0 cos (Angle - ϕ) = Sset.
5. Measure the operate time of the timer by injecting a current to get
two times the set S operate value.
Tinv = k ⋅ Sref ⁄ 3I 0test ⋅ 3U 0test ⋅ cos (ϕ) (Equation 10)

test mode to off.
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Four parameter setting groups (GRP) Chapter 13
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36 Four parameter setting groups (GRP)

this chapter.
Procedure
1. Check the configuration of binary inputs that control the selection of
active setting group.
2. Browse the ‘ActiveGroup’ menu to achieve information about the ac-
tive setting group.
The ActiveGroup menu is located in the local HMI under:
ServiceReport/ActiveGroup
3. Connect the appropriate dc voltage to the corresponding binary in-

put of the terminal and observe the information presented on the HMI
display.
The displayed information must always correspond to the activated input.
4. Check that corresponding output indicates the active group.

test mode to off.
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Single command (CD) Chapter 13
injection
37 Single command (CD)

For the single command function block, it is necessary to configure the output signal to corre-
sponding binary output of the terminal. The operation of the function is then checked from the
local HMI by applying the commands with the MODE Off, Steady, or Pulse and by observing
the logic statuses of the corresponding binary output.
Command control functions included in the operation of different built-in functions must be test-
ed at the same time as their corresponding functions.
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Stub protection (STUB) Chapter 13
injection
38 Stub protection (STUB)

this chapter.

Procedure
1. Check that the input logical signals STUB-BLOCK and STUB-RE-
LEASE are logical zero and note on the local HMI that the STUB-TRIP
logical signal is equal to the logical 0.
Logical signals for STUB protection are available under menu tree:
ServiceReport/Functions/Stub/FunctOutputs
2. Activate the STUB-RELEASE binary input.

about 110% of the setting operating current, and switch off the cur-
rent with the switch.
terminal.
STUB protection.
Use the STUB-TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the
timer. The operation should be instantaneously.
5. Activate the STUB-BLOCK binary input.

6. Switch on the fault current (110% of the setting).
No STUB-TRIP signal should appear.

8. Reset the STUB-RELEASE binary input.
9. Quickly set the measured current (fault current) in same phase to
about 90% of the setting operating current, and switch off the current
with the switch.

12. Reset the STUB-RELEASE binary input.
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Stub protection (STUB) Chapter 13
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13. Switch on the fault current.


test mode to off.
175
Synchrocheck and energizing check (SYN) Chapter 13
injection
39 Synchrocheck and energizing check (SYN)

This section contains instructions on how to test the synchro-check and energizing check for sin-
gle and double CB with/without phasing function and for 1 1/2 breaker arrangements.
Prepare the terminal for verification of settings as outlined in section 2 "Preparing for test"in this
chapter.
At periodical checks, the functions should preferably be tested with the used settings. To test a
specific function, it might be necessary to change some setting parameters, for example:
• AutoEnerg = On/Off/DLLB/DBLL/Both
• ManEnerg = Off
• Operation = Off, On
• Activation of the voltage selection function if applicable
The tests explained in the test procedures below describe the settings, which can be used as ref-
erences during testing before the final settings are specified. After testing, restore the equipment
to the normal or desired settings.
A secondary injection test set with the possibility to alter the phase angle by regulation of the
resistive and reactive components is needed. Here, the phase angle meter is also needed. To per-
form an accurate test of the frequency difference, a frequency generator at one of the input volt-
ages is needed.
Figure 33shows the general test connection principle, which can be used during testing. This de-
scription describes the test of the version intended for one bay.
Figure 34shows the general test connection for a 1 1/2 CB diameter with one-phase voltage con-
nected to the line side.
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REx5xx
Test
U-Bus U-Bus
equipment
N UMeasure
Ph/N
U-Line Ph/Ph
UL1 Input Phase
UL2 L1,L2,L3
UL3 L12,L23,L31
N N
99000114.vsd
Figure 33: General test connection with three-phase voltage connected to the line side.
REx5xx
Test
equipment U-Bus U4 or U5
U-Line
UL1 or UL2 UMeasure
Ph/N
Ph/Ph
N N
en01000168.vsd
Figure 34: General test connection for a 1 1/2 CB diameter with one-phase voltage connected
to the line side.
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39.1 Testing the phasing function

(Applicable only if the phasing function is included in the terminal.)
These voltage inputs are used:
U-line UL1, UL2 or UL3 voltage input on the terminal.

U-bus U5 voltage input on the terminal
The settings in table 25can be used during the test if the final setting is not determined.
Table 25: Test settings for phasing

Parameter Setting
Operation Off
InputPhase UL1
PhaseShift 0 deg
URatio 1.00
USelection SingleBus
AutoEnerg Off
ManEnerg Off
ManDBDL Off
UHigh 70% U1b
ULow 40% U1b
FreqDiff 0.05 Hz
PhaseDiff 45°
UDiff 30% U1b
tAutoEnerg 0.5 s
tManEnerg 0.5 s
OperationSynch On
ShortPulse Off
FreqDiffSynch 0.40 Hz
tPulse 0.20 s
tBreaker 0.20 s
VTConnection Line
tSync Os
FreqDiffBlock Off
The settings are located in the local HMI under:
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Settings/Functions/Group n (n=1-4)/SynchroCheck/SynchroCheck1
39.1.1 Testing the frequency difference

The frequency difference is set at 0.40 Hz on the HMI, and the test should verify that operation
is achieved when the FreqDiffSynch frequency difference is lower than 0.40 Hz.
Procedure
1. Apply voltages U-line (UL1) = 80% U1b, f-line=50.0 Hz and U-Bus (U5)
= 80% U1b, f-bus=50.3 Hz.
2. Check that a closing pulse is submitted with length=0.20 seconds
and at closing angle=360 * 0.20 * 0.40=29 deg.
3. Repeat with U-Bus (U5) = 80% U1b, f-bus=50.5 Hz to verify that the
function does not operate when freq.diff is above limit.
4. Repeat with different settings on tBreaker and FreqDiffSynch.
5. Make sure that the calculated closing angle is less than 60 deg.
6. Verify that closing command is issued at the correct phase angle
when the frequency difference is less than the set value.
39.2 Testing the synchrocheck

During test of the synchrocheck function for a single bay arrangement, these voltage inputs are
used:

39.2.1
At test of the synchrocheck function for a 1 1/2 CB diameter the following alternative voltage
inputs can be used for the three synchrocheck functions. The voltage is selected by activation of
different inputs in the voltage selection logic:
SYN1 U-line UL1 Activate SYN1_FD1CLD

UL2 Activate SYN1_CB2CLD
U4 Activate SYN1_CB2CLD and CB3CLD
U-bus U5 No activation of inputs necessary
SYN2 U-line UL2 Activate SYN2_FD2CLD
U4 Activate SYN2_CB3CLD
U-bus UL1 Activate SYN2_FD1CLD
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U5 Activate SYN2_CB1CLD
SYN3 U-line UL1 Activate SYN3_CB2CLD
UL2 Activate SYN3_FD2CLD
U5 Activate SYN3_CB1CLD and CB2CLD
U-bus U4 No activation of inputs necessary
39.2.2 Testing the voltage difference

Set the voltage difference at 30% U1b on the HMI, and the test should check that operation is
achieved when the voltage difference UDiff is lower than 30% U1b.
Table 26: Test settings for voltage difference (NA=Not applicable)

Parameter Setting Single bay Single bay Multiple
with phas- bays
ing
Operation On
InputPhase UL1
UMeasure Ph/N NA NA
PhaseShift 0 deg
URatio 1.00
AutoEnerg Off
ManEnerg Off
ManDBDL Off
UHigh 70% U1b
ULow 40% U1b
FreqDiff 0,05 Hz
PhaseDiff 45°
UDiff 30% U1b
tAutoEnerg 0.5 s
tManEnerg 0.5 s
OperationSynch Off NA NA
ShortPulse Off NA NA
FreqDiffSynch 0.4 Hz NA NA
tPulse 0.2 s NA NA
tBreaker 0.2 s NA NA
VTConnection Line NA
tSync Os
FreqDiffBlock Off NA NA
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The settings are located in the local HMI under:
Settings/Functions/Group n (n=1-4)/SynchroCheck/SynchroCheck1
Test with UDiff = 0%

1. Apply voltages U-line (UL1) = 80% U1b and U-Bus (U5) = 80% U1b.
2. Check that the SYN1-AUTOOK and SYN1-MANOK outputs are acti-
vated.
3. The test can be repeated with different voltage values to verify that
the function operates within UDiff <30%.

1. Increase the U-bus (U5) to 120% U1b, and the U-line (UL1) = 80% U1b.
2. Check that the two outputs are NOT activated.
Test with UDiff = 20%, Uline < UHigh

1. Decrease the U-line (UL1) to 60% U1b and the U-bus (U5) to be equal
to 80% U1b.
Test with URatio=0.20

1. Run the tests under procedures "Test with UDiff = 0%", "Test with
UDiff = 40%"and "Test with UDiff = 20%, Uline < UHigh"but with
U-bus voltages 5 times lower.
Test with URatio=5.00

1. Run the tests under procedures "Test with UDiff = 0%", "Test with
UDiff = 40%"and "Test with UDiff = 20%, Uline < UHigh"but with
U-line voltages 5 times lower.
39.2.3 Testing the phase difference

The phase difference is set at 45° on the HMI, and the test should verify that operation is
achieved when the PhaseDiff (phase difference) is lower than 45°.
Set these HMI settings:
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Table 27: Test settings for phase difference (NA=Not applicable)

with phas- bays
ing
Operation On
InputPhase UL1
UMeasure Ph/N NA NA
PhaseShift 0 deg
URatio 1.00
AutoEnerg Off
ManEnerg Off
ManDBDL Off
UHigh 70% U1b
ULow 40% U1b
FreqDiff 0,05 Hz
PhaseDiff 45°
UDiff 15% U1b
tAutoEnerg 0.5 s
tManEnerg 0.5 s
tPulse 0.2 s NA NA
tSync Os

1. Apply voltages U-line (UL1) = 100% U1b and U-bus (U5) = 100% U1b,
with a phase difference equal to 0° and a frequency difference that is
lower than 50 mHz.
vated.
The test can be repeated with other PhaseDiff values to verify that the
function operates for values lower than the set ones. By changing the
phase angle on U1 connected to U-bus, between ± 45°. The user can
check that the two outputs are activated for a PhaseDiff lower than 45°.
It should not operate for other values. See Figure 35.
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U-Bus
No operation
+45°
U-Line operation
-45°
U-Bus
99000077.vsd
Figure 35: Test of phase difference.
3. Apply a PhaseShift setting of 10 deg.

4. Change the phase angle between +55 and -35 and verify that the two
outputs are activated for phase differences between these values
but not for phase differences outside. See Figure 36.
5. Change the PhaseShift setting to 350 deg. Change the phase angle
between +35 and -55 and verify as above.
U-Bus
No operation +55°
U-Line operation
-35°
U-Bus
PhaseShift=10 deg
PhaseShift=350 deg
99000078.vsd
Figure 36: Test of phase difference.
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39.2.4 Testing the frequency difference

The frequency difference is set at 50 mHz on the HMI, and the test should verify that operation
is achieved when the FreqDiff frequency difference is lower than 50 mHz.
Use the same HMI setting as in section 39.2.3 "Testing the phase difference".
Test with FreqDiff = 0 mHz

1. Apply voltages U-Line (UL1) equal to 100% U1b and U-Bus (U5) equal
to 100% U1b, with a frequency difference equal to 0 mHz and a phase
difference lower than 45°.
vated.
Test with FreqDiff = 1Hz

1. Apply voltage to the U-line (UL1) equal to 100% U1b with a frequency
equal to 50 Hz and voltage U-bus (U5) equal to 100% U1b, with a fre-
quency equal to 49 Hz.
The test can be repeated with different frequency values to verify that the
function operates for values lower than the set ones. If the FREJA pro-
gram, Test of synchronizing relay, is used the frequency can be changed
continuously.
Note!
A frequency difference also implies a floating mutual-phase difference. So the SYN1-AUTOOK
and SYN1-MANOK outputs might NOT be stable, even though the frequency difference is within
set limits, because the phase difference is not stable!
39.2.5 Testing the reference voltage
1. Use the same basic test connection as in Figure 33.

The UDiff between the voltage connected to U-bus and U-line should be
0%, so that the SYN1-AUTOOK and SYN1-MANOK outputs are acti-
vated first.
2. Change the U-Line voltage connection to UL2 without changing the

setting on the HMI.
4. The test can also be repeated by moving the U-line voltage to the UL3
input.
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39.3 Testing the energizing check

During test of the energizing check function for a single bay arrangement, these voltage inputs
are used:

39.3.1
At test of the energizing check function for a 1 1/2 CB diameter the following alternative voltage
inputs can be used for the three energizing check functions. The voltage is selected by activation
of different inputs in the voltage selection logic:
SYN1 U-line UL1 Activate SYN1_FD1CLD and UF1OK

UL2 Activate SYN1_CB2CLD and UF2OK
U4 Activate SYN1_CB2CLD, CB3CLD and UB2OK
U-bus U5 Activate SYN1_UB1OK
SYN2 U-line UL2 Activate SYN2_FD2CLD and UF2OK
U4 Activate SYN2_CB3CLD and UB2OK
U-bus UL1 Activate SYN2_FD1CLD and UF1OK
U5 Activate SYN2_CB1CLD and UB1OK
SYN3 U-line UL1 Activate SYN3_CB2CLD and UF1OK
UL2 Activate SYN3_FD2CLD and UF2OK
U5 Activate SYN3_CB1CLD, CB2CLD and UB1OK
U-bus U4 Activate SYN3_UB2OK
39.3.2 Testing the dead line live bus (DLLB)

The test should verify that the energizing function operates for a low voltage on the U-Line and
for a high voltage on the U-bus. This corresponds to an energizing of a dead line to a live bus.
Table 28: Test settings for DLLB (NA=Not applicable)

with phas- bays
ing
Operation On
InputPhase UL1
UMeasure Ph/N NA NA
PhaseShift 0 deg
URatio 1.00
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with phas- bays
ing
AutoEnerg DLLB
ManEnerg DLLB
ManDBDL Off
UHigh 80% U1b
ULow 40% U1b
FreqDiff 0,05 Hz
PhaseDiff 45°
UDiff 15% U1b
tAutoEnerg 0.5 s
tManEnerg 0.5 s
tPulse 0.2 s NA NA
tSync Os
1. Apply a single-phase voltage 100% U1b to the U-bus (U5), and a sin-
gle-phase voltage 30% U1b to the U-line (UL1).
vated.
3. Increase the U-Line (UL1) to 60% U1b and U-Bus(U5) to be equal to
100% U1b. The outputs should NOT be activated.
The test can be repeated with different values on the U-Bus and the
U-Line.
39.3.3 Testing the dead bus live line (DBLL)

The test should verify that the energizing function operates for a low voltage on the U-bus and
for a high one on the U-line. This corresponds to an energizing of a dead bus from a live line.
1. Change the HMI settings AutoEnerg and ManEnerg to DBLL.

2. Apply a single-phase voltage of 30% U1b to the U-bus (U5) and a sin-
gle-phase voltage of 100% U1b to the U-line (UL1).
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vated.
4. Decrease the U-line to 60% U1b and keep the U-bus equal to 30%
U1b.
The outputs should NOT be activated.
5. The test can be repeated with different values on the U-bus and the
U-line.
39.3.4 Testing both directions (DLLB or DBLL)
1. Change the HMI settings AutoEnerg and ManEnerg to Both.

2. Apply a single-phase voltage of 30% U1b to the U-line (UL1) and a
single-phase voltage of 100% U1b to the U-bus (U5).
3. Check that the “SYN1-AUTOOK” and “SYN1-MANOK” outputs are
activated.
4. Change the connection so that the U-line (UL1) is equal to100% U1b
and the U-bus (U5) is equal to 30% U1b.
The outputs should still be activated.
5. The test can be repeated with different values on the U-bus and the
U-line.
6. Restore the equipment to normal or desired settings.
39.3.5 Testing the dead bus dead line (DBDL)

The test should verify that the energizing function operates for a low voltage on both the U-bus
the U-line, i.e closing of the breaker in a non energised system.
1. Set AutoEnerg to Off and ManEnerg to DBLL.

2. Set ManDBDL to On.
3. Apply a single-phase voltage of 30% U1b to the U-bus (U5) and a sin-
gle-phase voltage of 30% U1b to the U-line (UL1).
4. Check that the SYN1-MANOK output is activated.
5. Increase the U-bus to 80% U1b and keep the U-line equal to 30% U1b.
The outputs should NOT be activated.
6. Repeat the test with ManEnerg set to DLLB and Both, and different
values on the U-bus and the U-line.
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39.4 Testing the voltage selection

Table 29: Test settings for voltage selection (NA=Not applicable)

with phas- bays
ing
Operation On
InputPhase UL1
UMeasure Ph/N NA NA
PhaseShift 0 deg
URatio 1.00
USelection DbleB
AutoEnerg Both
ManEnerg Both
ManDBDL Off
UHigh 80% U1b
ULow 40% U1b
FreqDiff 0,05 Hz
PhaseDiff 45°
UDiff 15% U1b
tAutoEnerg 0.5 s
tManEnerg 0.5 s
tPulse 0.2 s NA NA
tSync Os
39.4.1 Testing the voltage selection for single CB arrangements

This test should verify that the correct voltage is selected for the measurement in the energizing
function used in a double-bus arrangement. Apply a single-phase voltage of 30% U1b to the
U-line (UL1) and a single-phase voltage of 100% U1b to the U-bus (U5).
If the SYN1-UB1/2OK inputs for the fuse failure are used, normally they must be activated, thus
activated and deactivated must be inverted in the description of tests below.
1. Connect the signals below to binary inputs and binary outputs.
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2. Apply signals according to the tables and verify that correct output
signals are generated.
Table 30: Voltages
Signal
Voltage from bus1 U5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Voltage from bus2 U4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Table 31: Binary inputs

Signal
CB1OPEN 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
CB1CLD 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
CB2OPEN 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
CB2CLD 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
UB1FF 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
UB2FF 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
VTSU 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Table 32: Binary outputs

Signal
AUTOOK 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
MANOK 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
VSUB1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
VSUB2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
39.4.2 Testing the voltage selection for 1 1/2 circuit breaker diameter
This test should verify that correct voltage is selected for the measurement in the energizing
function used for a diameter in a one and a half breaker arrangement. Apply single-phase volt-
ages to the inputs according to the tables below. “H” means a voltage of 100% U1b and “L”
means a voltage of 30% U1b. Verify that correct output signals are generated.
1. Connect the signals below to binary inputs and binary outputs.

2. Apply signals according to the tables and verify that correct output
signals are generated.
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Table 33: Voltage to input

Signal SYN1 SYN2 SYN3
BUS1 U5 H H H H H H - - H L H H H H H H
BUS2 U4 - - - - H L - - H H - - - - H L
LINE1 UL1 H L - - - - H L - - H L - - - -
LINE2 UL2 - - H L - - H H - - - - H L - -
Table 34: Binary inputs SYN1, SYN2 and SYN3

FD1CLD 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
FD1OPEN 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
FD2CLD 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
FD2OPEN 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
CB1CLD - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CB1OPEN - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CB2CLD 0 0 1 1 0 0 - - - - 0 0 1 1 0 0
CB2OPEN 1 1 0 0 1 1 - - - - 1 1 0 0 1 1
CB3CLD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - -
CB3OPEN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - -
Table 35: Binary outputs SYN1, SYN2, SYN3

VSUF1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
VSUF2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
VSUB1 - - - - - - 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
VSUB2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 - - - - - -
AUTOOK 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

190
Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) Chapter 13
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40 Thermal phase overload protection (THOL)

this chapter.
Check that the input logical signal THOL-BLOCK is logical zero and note on the local HMI that
the logical signal THOL-TRIP, THOL-START and THOL-ALARM are equal to the logical 0.
Logical signals for thermal overload protection are available under menu tree:
ServiceReport/Functions/ThermOverLoad/FuncOutputs

40.1.1 Testing the protection without external temperature compensation (NonComp)
Procedure
about 300% of I1b (to minimise the trip time), and switch off the cur-
rent.
2. Reset the thermal memory under menu tree:
Test/ThermReset
3. Switch on the fault current and read the presented temperature:

ServiceReport/Functions/ThermOverload/ThermOverload/T Line
4. Check the Alarm limit (TAlarm) during injection.

Measure the signal THOL-ALARM until it appears on the corresponding
binary output or on the local HMI unit.
5. Compare the measured temperature with the setting.

6. Measure the trip time of the THOL protection.
Use the THOL-TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the
timer.
7. Take the “T Line” readings.

Compare with the setting of TTrip.
8. Activate the THOL-BLOCK binary input.

The signals THOL-ALARM, THOL-START and THOL-TRIP should
disappear.
9. Reset the THOL-BLOCK binary input.
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Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) Chapter 13
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10. Check the reset limit (TdReset).

Measure the signal THOL-START until it disappears on the correspond-
ing binary output or on the local HMI unit, take the “T Line” readings and
compare with the setting of TdReset.
11. Compare the measured trip time with the setting according to the
formula.
12. Reset the thermal memory.
test mode to off.
192
Definite time non-directional overcurrent Chapter 13
protection (TOC) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
41 Definite time non-directional overcurrent

protection (TOC)
this chapter.
Ensure that the maximum continuous current of the terminal does not exceed four times its rated
value.

41.1.1 Time delayed phase overcurrent
Procedure
ue.
2. Increase the injected current (measured current) in the Ln phase un-
til the starting signal TOC--STLn (n=1-3) appears.
terminal.
4. Compare the measured operating current with the set value IP>.
5. Set the fault current to about 1.5 times the measured operating cur-
rent.
TOC protection. Use the TOC--TRP signal.
7. Compare the measured time with the set value tP.
41.1.2 Time delayed residual overcurrent (non-dir.)
Procedure
ue.
2. Increase the injected residual current (measured current) in the Ln
phase until the starting signal TOC--STN appears.
terminal.
193
Definite time non-directional overcurrent Chapter 13
protection (TOC) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
4. Compare the measured operating current with the set value IN>.
5. Set the fault current to about 1.5 times the measured operating cur-
rent.
TOC protection. Use the TOC--TRN signal.
7. Compare the measured time with the set value tN.

194
Time delayed overvoltage protection (TOV) Chapter 13
injection
42 Time delayed overvoltage protection (TOV)

this chapter.
To verify the settings the following fault types should be tested:
• One for a single-phase voltage feeding.

42.1.1 Time delayed phase overvoltage protection
Procedure
1. Apply the single phase voltage with start below the setting value.
2. Slowly increase the voltage until the TOV--STPE signal appears.
3. Note the operate value and compare it with the set value.
4. Switch off the applied voltage.
5. Set and apply about 20% higher voltage than the measured operate
value for one-phase.
6. Measure the time delay for the TOV--TRPE signal and compare it with
the set value.
42.1.2 Time delayed residual overvoltage protection (non-dir.)
Procedure
1. Apply the single phase voltage with start below the setting value.
2. Slowly increase the voltage until the STN appears.
4. Switch off the applied voltage.
5. Set and apply about 20% higher voltage than the measured operate
value for one-phase.
6. Measure the time delay for the TOV--TRN signal and compare it with
the set value.

195
Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV) Chapter 13
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43 Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV)

this chapter.
• Decrease of voltage in one phase

Procedure
1. Supply the terminal with three-phase voltages to their rated values.
2. Slowly decrease the voltage in one of the phases, until the
TUV-START signal appears.
4. Increase the measured voltage to rated operate conditions.
5. Instantaneously decrease the voltage in one-phase to a value about
20% lower than the measured operate value.
6. Measure the time delay for the TUV-TRIP signal, and compare it with
the set value.

196
Tripping logic (TR) Chapter 13
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44 Tripping logic (TR)

this chapter.
The function is tested functionally together with other protection functions (distance protection
ZMn--, line differential protection DIFL-, earth-fault overcurrent protection IOC-- or TOC--,
etc.) within the REx 5xx terminals. It is recommended to test the function together with the au-
toreclosing function, when built into the terminal or when a separate external unit is used for the
reclosing purposes.
44.1 3ph operating mode

The function must issue a three-phase trip in all cases, when trip is initiated by any protection or
some other built-in or external function. The following functional output signals must always
appear simultaneously: TRIP-TRIP, TRIP-TRL1, TRIP-TRL2, TRIP-TRL3 and TRIP-TR3P.
44.2 1ph/3ph operating mode

The following tests should be carried out in addition to some other tests, which depends on the
complete configuration of a terminal:
Procedure
1. Initiate one-by one different single-phase-to-earth faults.
Consider sufficient time interval between the faults, to overcome a re-
claim time of eventually activated autoreclosing function. Only a sin-
gle-phase trip should occur for each separate fault and only one of the trip
outputs (TRIP-TRLn) should be activated at a time. Functional outputs
TRIP-TRIP and TRIP-TR1P should be active at each fault. No other out-
puts should be active.
2. Initiate different phase-to-phase and three-phase faults.

claim time of eventually activated autoreclosing function. Only a
three-phase trip should occur for each separate fault and all of the trip
3. Initiate a single-phase-to-earth fault and switch it off immediately

when the trip signal is issued for the corresponding phase. Initiate
the same fault once again within the reclaim time of the used autore-
closing function.
A three-phase trip must be initiated for the second fault.
Check that the corresponding trip signals appear after both faults.
197
injection
If not the autoreclosing function is used the functional outputs

TRIP-TRIP, TRIP-TR1P and the corresponding phase signal
(TRIP-TRLn) should be active at each fault.

the second single-phase-to-earth fault in one of the remaining phas-
es within the time interval, shorter than two seconds and shorter
than the dead-time of the autoreclosing function, when included in
protection scheme.
Check that the second trip is a three-phase trip.
44.3 1ph/2ph/3ph operating mode

The following tests should be carried out in addition to some other tests, which depends on the
complete configuration of a terminal:
Procedure
1. Initiate one-by one different single-phase-to-earth faults.
claim time of eventually activated autoreclosing function. Only a sin-
gle-phase trip should occur for each separate fault and only one of the trip
2. Initiate one-by one different phase-to-phase faults.

two-phase trip should occur for each separate fault and only correspond-
ing two trip outputs (TRIP-TRLn) should be activated at a time. Func-
tional outputs TRIP-TRIP and TRIP-TR2P should be active at each fault.
No other outputs should be active.
3. Initiate a three-phase fault.

three-phase trip should occur for the fault and all trip outputs
(TRIP-TRLn) should be activated at the same time. Functional outputs

the same fault once again within the reclaim time of the used autore-
closing function.
A three-phase trip must be initiated for the second fault.
Check that the corresponding trip signals appear after both faults.
198
injection
If not the autoreclosing function is used the functional outputs

TRIP-TRIP, TRIP-TR1P and the corresponding phase signal
(TRIP-TRLn) should be active at each fault.

the second single-phase-to-earth fault in one of the remaining phas-
es within the time interval, shorter than two seconds and shorter
than the dead-time of the autoreclosing function, when included in
protection scheme.
Check that the second trip is a single-phase trip in a second initiated
phase.
6. Initiate a phase-to-phase fault and switch it off immediately when the

trip signal is issued for the corresponding two phases. Initiate anoth-
er phase-to-phase fault (not between the same phases) within the
time, shorter than 2 seconds.
Check, that the output signals, issued for the first fault, correspond to
two-phase trip for included phases.
The output signals for the second fault must correspond to the
three-phase tripping action.

199
Two step time delayed directional phase Chapter 13
overcurrent protection (TOC3) Verifying settings by secondary
injection
45 Two step time delayed directional phase

overcurrent protection (TOC3)
this chapter.
Consider to apply an three-phase symmetrical voltage at rated value and ZΦ=0° if the settings
are directional. If distance protection (ZMn) not are included in the terminal test of directional
lines has to be carried out.
Ensure that the maximum continuos current of a terminal does not exceed four times its rated
value, if the measurement of the operating characteristics runs under constant voltage condi-
tions.
45.1.1 Measuring the operate limit of the low step overcurrent protection
Procedure
1. Inject a phase current slightly smaller than the functional value
I>Low.
2. Increase the current slowly and check the function value by observ-
ing when the signal TOC3-STNDLS appears.
3. Compare the result of the measurement with the set value.
45.1.2 Measuring the definite time delay of the low set stage
1. Set a current 1.5 times I>Low on the injection test equipment and
three-phase symmetrical voltage if directional.
2. Switch the current on and compare the operation time on
TOC3-TRLS with the set value tLow.
The operate time shall be tRelay+tLow.
45.1.3 Measuring the inverse time delay of the low set stage
1. Set temporarily tLow = 0.000 s.

If I>Low is set higher than I>Inv, check that there is no trip signal
TOC3-TRLS when the current is less than I>Low.
200
injection
2. Check the time delay at two points of the inverse time curve.
Check with the current I>Low or 2·I>Inv (the highest value of these two)
and the current that according to the inverse time curve corresponds to
tMin.
3. Increase the current 10% and check that the operation time is equal
to tMin.
4. Set tLow to the correct value and check with a high current that the
operation time is equal to tMin+tLow.
45.1.4 Measuring the operate limit of the high step overcurrent protection
1. Set temporarily tHigh=0.000 s.

2. Inject a phase current slightly smaller than the operation value
I>High and three-phase symmetrical voltage if directional.
3. Increase the current slowly and check the operation value by observ-
ing when the signal TOC3-TRHS appears.
5. Set tHigh to the correct value.
6. Set a current 1.5 times I>High on the injection test equipment
7. Switch the current on and compare the operation time with the set
value tHigh.
45.1.5 Measuring the operate limit of the directional lines.
X Forward X
ArgNegRes
R ArgDir R
ArgDir
ArgNegRes
Reverse
en01000118.vsd
Figure 37: Definitions for forward and reverse directions
Procedure
1. Inject a current 1.2 times I>Low and a three-phase symmetrical volt-
age.
201
injection
2. Slowly decrease the impedance angle to find the operating value ac-
cording to figure 37.

202
Two step time delayed non-directional phase Chapter 13
injection
46 Two step time delayed non-directional phase

overcurrent protection (TOC2)
Prepare the terminal for test as outlined in section 2 "Preparing for test" in this chapter.
Ensure that the maximum continuos current of a terminal does not exceed four times its rated
value, if the measurement od the operating characteristics runs under constant voltage condi-
tions.
46.1.1 Measuring the operate limit of the low step overcurrent protection
Procedure
1. Inject a phase current slightly smaller than the functional value
I>Low.
2. Increase the current slowly and check the function value by observ-
ing when the signal TOC2-STLS appears.
46.1.2 Measuring the definite time delay of the low set stage
Procedure
1. Set a current 1.5 times I>Low on the injection test equipment.
2. Switch the current on and compare the operation time on
TOC2-TRLS with the set value tLow.
The operate time shall be tLow+operate time of the low set stage.
46.1.3 Measuring the inverse time delay of the low set stage
Procedure
1. Set temporarily tLow = 0.000 s.
If I>Low is set higher than I>Inv, check that there is no trip signal
TOC2-TRLS when the current is less than I>Low.
2. Check the time delay at two points of the inverse time curve.
Check with the current I>Low or 2·I>Inv (the highest value of these two)
and the current that according to the inverse time curve corresponds to
tMin.
3. Increase the current 10% and check that the operation time is equal
to tMin.
203
Two step time delayed non-directional phase Chapter 13
injection
4. Set tLow to the correct value and check with a high current that the
operation time is equal to tMin+tLow.
46.1.4 Measuring the operate limit of the high step overcurrent protection
1. Set temporarily tHigh=0.000 s.

2. Inject a phase current slightly smaller than the operation value
I>High.
3. Increase the current slowly and check the operation value by observ-
ing when the signal TOC2-TRHS appears.
5. Set tHigh to the correct value.
6. Set a current 1.5 times I>High on the injection test equipment
7. Switch the current on and compare the operation time with the set
value tHigh.

204
Verifying the internal configuration
Chapter 14 Verifying the

internal
configuration
About this chapter

The aim of this chapter is to verify that the internal communications and output signals are ac-
cording to the specification and normal protection praxis. This means that all included protection
functions must be in operation.
205
Overview Chapter 14
Verifying the internal configuration
1 Overview
Before start of this process, all individual devices that are involved in the fault clearance process
must have been tested as individuals and set in operation. The breaker must be ready for an
open-close-open cycle.
The shaping of the test process is dependent on the complexity of the design of the switchyard.
Hereby follows some items which could be used as guidelines.
206
Testing the interaction of the protection Chapter 14
functions Verifying the internal configuration
2 Testing the interaction of the protection functions

This procedure describes how to test the interaction of one protection zone. It is recommended
that all protection functions are tested in a similar way. The test must be done without the test
switch in order to verify the interaction between the terminal and surrounding equipment. Make
sure that all personnel is informed, also in remote station.
Procedure
1. Make sure that the protection terminal and fitting breaker(s) to be
tested are in service.
2. Connect the test equipment to the terminal.
3. Set the test equipment so that the currents and voltages present to
the relay are well within the operate value (e.g. half the set value).
4. Energise the protection terminal and evaluate the result i.e.
• Check that correct trip has been accomplished according to configu-
ration and philosophy.
• Check that all binary output signals that should be activated have
been activated.
• Check that all other protection functions that should be activated by
this type of fault have been activated.
• Check that no other protection functions that should not be activated
have not been activated.
• Check whenever applicable that the disturbance report, event list and
disturbance recorder have been activated and performed correct in-
formation.
207
Testing the interaction of the protection Chapter 14
functions Verifying the internal configuration
208
Testing the protection system
Chapter 15 Testing the

protection system
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to verify the conformity of the protection system without the pro-
tected object energised.
209
Overview Chapter 15
Testing the protection system
1 Overview
of the protected object must have been tested as individuals and set in operation. The breaker
must be ready for an open-close-open cycle.
Scheme performance test is the final test that should be carried out before the protected object
is taken into service.
Due to the complexity in combination with already performed tests, it is not necessary to test all
protection functions and all fault types in this process. The most important protection functions
in the terminal for single line to earth fault and phase-phase fault could be used for the test.
The shaping of the test process is dependent on the complexity of the design of the switchyard.
Hereby follows some items which could be used as guidelines.
210
Testing the interaction of the overcurrent Chapter 15
protection Testing the protection system
2 Testing the interaction of the overcurrent

protection
This procedure describes how to test the interaction of an overcurrent protection stage at a tran-
sient phase L1-L2 fault in forward direction. The test must be done without the test switch in
order to verify the interaction between the terminal and surrounding equipment. Make sure that
involved personnel is informed also in remote station.
Procedure
1. Make sure that the protection terminal and related breaker(s) to be
tested are in service.
2. Connect the test equipment to the terminal.
3. Set the test equipment so that the current present to the relay is
twice the set value of stage.
4. Prepare a transient fault sequence.
5. Simulate the condition for the synchro-check as for live bus and
dead line.
6. Energise the protection terminal and evaluate the result i.e.
• Check that correct trip has been accomplished according to configu-
ration and philosophy.
• Check that the autoreclosure have made an reclosing of the protected
object.
• Check that activation of all other external devices have been accom-
plished according to configuration and protection philosophy.
- Check, whenever applicable, that carrier receive signal has ar-
rived at remote end.
- Check, whenever applicable, that start of external disturbance
recorder has been accomplished.
- Check that event and alarm signals has been given etc.
• Check that no abnormal events have occurred.
• Notice the AR dead time and do corrections if needed.
7. Make a new fault case for permanent fault and repeat the steps 1 - 6
above.
Specially note that a permanent trip should occur after the last attempt ac-
cording to the programming of the AR.
It is recommended to repeat the procedure 1 - 6 for a protection function

which detects earth-faults i.e. residual overcurrent protection.
211
Testing the interaction of the overcurrent Chapter 15
protection Testing the protection system
212
Checking the directionality
Chapter 16 Checking the

directionality
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to check that the directionality is correct for each directional depen-
dent functions. The scope is also to verify that all analog values are correct. This must be done
with the protection system in operation, the protected object energized and the load current
above the min operation current of the terminal.
213
Overview Chapter 16
Checking the directionality
1 Overview
of the protected object must have been tested as individuals and set in operation. The breaker
must be ready for an open-close-open cycle.
As a condition for the test, the following must be fulfilled:
• The magnitude of the load current must be more than 5% of the terminal nominal
rate current.
• The load impedance must have an angle -15°<ϕ<115° or 165<ϕ <295°.
The directionality test is performed when the protected object is energized and certain minimum
load current with known direction is floating through the protected object.
The design of the test procedure depends on type of protection function to be tested. Here fol-
lows some items which could be used as guidelines.
214
Testing the directional residual overcurrent Chapter 16
protection Checking the directionality
2 Testing the directional residual overcurrent

protection
To test the direction of the residual overcurrent protection an earth fault must be simulated. The
simulation is made as follows:
Note!
The current transformer in phase L3 must be short-circuited before it is disconnected from the
terminal. The disconnected secondary winding of the VT should not be short-circuited. Recon-
nect the circuits when the directional test is completed.
Note!
Be sure to isolate the trip circuits before testing.
Procedure
1. Disconnect the phase L1 voltage from the VT broken delta.
2. Short-circuit the secondary winding of the CT in phase L3 and dis-
connect it from the terminal, see figure 38.
An active load out in the direction of the line will give a current to the
earth-fault protection, which lags the polarising voltage by 60°. Since the
characteristic angle of the protection is 65 degrees, a symmetrical load
current will give operation of the forward direction measuring element
when:
I
S E C
I s S E C = -------------- ⇒I s P R I M
I P R I M
(Equation 11)
Where:
Iact = P/3U
Ireact = Q/3U
IN>Dir = Set value for forward direction current in percentage of Ib
P and Q are defined positive when the active and reactive power respec-
tively is flowing out into the line and U is the primary phase voltage.
Depending on which function to be tested (4-step earth fault protection or

residual overcurrent protection, dir and non dir).
The result of the directional test can be observed on the HMI under:
215
Testing the directional residual overcurrent Chapter 16
protection Checking the directionality
ServiceReport/Functions/EarthFault/TimeDelayEF/FuncOutputs/STFW
ServiceReport/Functions/EarthFault/4stepEF/FuncOutputs/STMFW
The reverse direction measuring element operates when:
Iact·cos5°+Ireact·sin5°≥IN>Dir is negative and the numerical value is

≥0.6·IN>Dir.
L1
L2
L3
-IL3 UL1
Power
direction 99000066.vsd
Figure 38: Directional test of the 4-step residual protection function.
216
Fault tracing and repair
Chapter 17 Fault tracing and

repair
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to carry out fault tracing and eventually, a change of circuit board.
217
1 Fault tracing
1.1 Using information on the local HMI

If an internal fault has occurred, the local HMI displays information under:
TerminalReport
SelfSuperv
Under these menus the indications of eventual internal failure (serious fault) or internal warning
(minor problem) are listed.
Shown as well, are the indications regarding the faulty unit according to table 36.
Table 36: HMI information

HMI information Signal name Activates sum- Description
mary signal
InternFail INT--FAIL Internal fail sum-
mary
Intern Warning INT--WARNING Internal warning
summary
CPU-modFail INT--CPUFAIL INT--FAIL Main processing
module failed
CPU-modWarning INT--CPUWARN INT--WARNING Main processing
module warning
(failure of clock,
time synch., fault
locator or distur-
bance recorder)
ADC-module INT--ADC INT--FAIL A/D conversion
module failed
Slotnn-XXXyy INT--IOyy INT--FAIL I/O module yy
failed
Real Time Clock INT--RTC INT--WARNING Internal clock is
reset - Set the clock
Time Sync INT--TSYNC INT--WARNING No time synchroni-
sation
Also the internal signals, such as INT--FAIL and INT--WARNING can be connected to binary
output contacts for signalling to a control room.
In the Terminal Status - Information, the present information from the self-supervision function
can be viewed. Indications of failure or warnings for each hardware module are provided, as well
as information about the external time synchronisation and the internal clock. All according to
table 37. Loss of time synchronisation can be considered as a warning only. The REx 5xx ter-
minal has full functionality without time synchronisation.
218
1.2 Using front-connected PC or SMS

• Self-supervision summary = INT--FAIL and INT--WARNING
• CPU-module status summary = INT--CPUFAIL and INT--CPUWARN
When an internal fault has occurred, extensive information can be retrieved about the fault from
the list of internal events. The list is available in the TERM-STS Terminal Status part of the CAP
tool. This time-tagged list has information with the date and time of the last 40 internal events.
The internal events in the list do not only refer to faults in the terminal, but also to other activi-
ties, such as change of settings, clearing of disturbance reports and loss of external time synchro-
nisation
The following events are logged as Internal events:
Table 37: Internal events

Event message Description Set/reset event
INT--FAILOff Internal fail status Reset event
INT--FAILOn Set event
INT--WARNINGOff Internal warning status Reset event
INT--WARNINGOn Set event
INT--CPUFAILOff Main processing module fatal Reset event
error status
INT--CPUFAILOn Set event
INT--CPUWARNOff Main processing module non-fatal Reset event
error status
INT--CPUWARNOn Set event
INT--ADCOff A/D conversion module status Reset event
INT--ADCOn Set event
INT--IOnOff In/Out module No. n status Reset event
INT--IOn On Set event
INT--RTC Off Real Time Clock (RTC) status Reset event
INT--RTC On Set event
INT--TSYNC Off External time synchronisation sta- Reset event
tus
INT--TSYNC On Set event
DREP-MEMUSED On >80% of the disturbance record- Set event
ing memory used
SETTING CHANGED Any settings in terminal changed
DISTREP CLEARED All disturbances in Disturbance
report cleared
The events in the internal event list are time tagged with a resolution of 1 ms.
This means that when using the PC for fault tracing, it provides information on the:
219
• Module that should be changed.

• Sequence of faults, if more than one unit is faulty.
• Exact time when the fault occurred.
220
Repair instruction Chapter 17
2 Repair instruction
Warning!
the transformer’s secondary winding. Operating a current transformer with the secondary
winding open will cause a massive potential build-up that may damage the transformer and may
Warning!
Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from a terminal during normal ser-
vice. Hazardous voltages and currents are present that may be lethal. Operation may be disrupt-
ed and terminal and measuring circuitry may be damaged.
An alternative is to open the terminal and send only the faulty circuit board to ABB for repair.
When a printed circuit board is sent to ABB, it must always be placed in a metallic, ESD-proof,
protection bag. The user can also purchase separate modules for replacement.
Note!
Strictly follow the company and country safety regulations.
Caution!
Always use a conductive wrist strap connected to protective earth when replacing modules.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may damage the module and terminal circuitry.
Most electronic components are sensitive to electrostatic discharge and latent damage may oc-
cur. Please observe usual procedures for handling electronics and also use an ESD wrist strap.
A semi-conducting layer must be placed on the workbench and connected to earth.
Disassemble and reassemble the REx 5xx terminal accordingly:
1. Switch off the dc supply.

2. Short-circuit the current transformers and disconnect all current and voltage con-
nections from the terminal.
3. Disconnect all signal wires by removing the female connectors.
4. Disconnect the optical fibres.
5. Unscrew the main back plate of the terminal.
6. If the transformer module is to be changed — unscrew the small back plate of the
terminal.
7. Pull out the faulty module.
8. Check that the new module has correct identity number.
221
Repair instruction Chapter 17
9. Check that the springs on the card rail have connection to the corresponding me-
tallic area on the circuit board when the new module is inserted.
10. Reassemble the terminal.
If the REx 5xx terminal has the optional increased measuring accuracy, a file with unique cali-
bration data for the transformer module is stored in the Main processing module. Therefore it is
not possible to change only one of these modules with maintained accuracy.
222
Repair support Chapter 17
3 Repair support
If a REx 5xx terminal needs to be repaired, the whole terminal must be removed and sent to ABB
Logistic Center. Before returning the material, an inquiry must be sent to ABB Logistic Center.
e-mail: offer.selog@se.abb.com
223
Repair support Chapter 17
224
1MRK 506 218-UEN
ABB Power Technologies AB

Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås
Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
Internet: www.abb.com/substationautomation
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Installation and commissioning manual

ProtectIT Overcurrent and earth fault protection terminal

About this manual

© Copyright 2006 ABB. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................... 1

Introduction to the installation and commissioning manual ................. 2

Chapter 2 Safety information......................................................... 13

Warning signs .................................................................................... 14

Chapter 3 Overview ........................................................................ 19

Commissioning and installation overview .......................................... 20

Chapter 4 Unpacking and checking the terminal ........................ 21

Receiving, unpacking and checking .................................................. 22

Chapter 5 Installing the terminal ................................................... 23

Installing the serial communication cable for RS485 SPA/IEC .......... 37

Chapter 6 Checking the external circuitry .................................... 45

Chapter 7 Energising the terminal................................................. 51

Chapter 8 Configuring the 56/64 kbit data

Configuring the fibre optical modem .................................................. 58

Chapter 9 Setting and configuring the terminal........................... 81

Chapter 10 Requirement of trig condition for disturbance report

Requirement of trig condition for disturbance report.......................... 90

Chapter 11 Establishing connection and verifying the

Entering settings ................................................................................ 92

Chapter 12 Establishing connection and verifying the LON com-

Chapter 13 Verifying settings by secondary injection ................. 99

Releasing the function(s) to be tested ........................................ 105

overcurrent protection (EF4) ........................................................... 131

Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) .............................................. 159

Testing the protection without external

Chapter 14 Verifying the internal configuration .......................... 205

Chapter 15 Testing the protection system ................................... 209

Testing the interaction of the overcurrent protection........................ 211

Chapter 16 Checking the directionality......................................... 213

Overview .......................................................................................... 214

Chapter 17 Fault tracing and repair............................................... 217

Fault tracing ..................................................................................... 218

About this chapter

1 Introduction to the installation and commissioning

1.1 About the complete set of manuals for a terminal

Application Technical Installation and Operator´s

1.2 About the installation and commissioning manual

1.3 Intended audience

1.4 Related documents

Documents related to REL 505*2.5 Identity number

1.5 Revision notes

1.6 Acronyms and abbreviations

ACrv2 Setting A for programmable overvoltage IDMT curve, step 2

A/D converter Analog to Digital converter

ADBS Amplitude dead-band supervision

AIM Analog input module

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASCT Auxiliary summation current transformer

ASD Adaptive Signal Detection

AWG American Wire Gauge standard

BLKDEL Block of delayed fault clearing

BOM Binary output module

BSR Binary Signal Receive (SMT) over LDCM

BT Binary Transfer Transmit over LDCM

CAP 531 Configuration and programming tool