Elementi chimici
ZE
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Sta pàgina a l'é scrîta in zenéize |
Un elemento chimico, dïto elemento ascì, o l'è un tipo de atomo definïo da-o seu numero atomego, che o l'è o nùmeo de proton do seu nucleo.
Fin a giornâ d'ancheu son stæti osservæ 118 elementi chimici, di quæ 94 son naturalmente presenti in scia Tæra. I elementi co-o nùmero atomego ciù grande de 82 no son stabilïi e son soggetti a cazze e a mandâ radiaçioin.
Lista di elementi chimici
modìficaMetalli alcalin | Metalli alcalin teroxi | Lantanidi | Attinidi | Metalli do blocco d |
Metalli do blocco p | Metalloidi | Non metalli | Alogeni | Gas nòbili |
N° | Nomme | Scimbolo | Periodo, Groppo |
Massa (Grammo/Mole) |
Denscitæ (g/cm³) a 20°C |
Ponto de fuxon (°C) |
Ponto de boggio (°C) |
Anno da descoverta |
Scorvitô |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Idrogeno | H | 1, 1 | 1,00794 | 0,084 g/l | -259,1 | -252,9 | 1766 | Cavendish |
2 | Elio | He | 1, 18 | 4,002602 | 0,17 g/l | -272,2 (a 2,5 MPa) | -268,9 | 1895 | Ramsay e Cleve |
3 | Littio | Li | 2, 1 | 6,941 | 0,53 | 180,5 | 1317 | 1817 | Arfwedson |
4 | Berillio | Be | 2, 2 | 9,012182 | 1,85 | 1278 | 2970 | 1797 | Vauquelin |
5 | Boro | B | 2, 13 | 10,811 | 2,46 | 2300 | 2550 | 1808 | Davy e Gay-Lussac |
6 | Carbonio | C | 2, 14 | 12,0107 | 3,51 | 3550 | 4827 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
7 | Azoto | N | 2, 15 | 14,0067 | 1,17 g/l | -209,9 | -195,8 | 1772 | Rutherford |
8 | Oscigeno | O | 2, 16 | 15,9994 | 1,33 g/l | -218,4 | -182,9 | 1774 | Priestly e Scheele |
9 | Fluö | F | 2, 17 | 18,9984032 | 1,58 g/l | -219,6 | -188,1 | 1886 | Moissan |
10 | Neon | Ne | 2, 18 | 20,1797 | 0,84 g/l | -248,7 | -246,1 | 1898 | Ramsay e Travers |
11 | Sodio | Na | 3, 1 | 22,98976928 | 0,97 | 97,8 | 892 | 1807 | Davy |
12 | Magnesio | Mg | 3, 2 | 24,3050 | 1,74 | 648,8 | 1107 | 1755 | Black |
13 | Alluminio | Al | 3, 13 | 26,9815386 | 2,70 | 660,5 | 2467 | 1825 | Oersted |
14 | Siliçio | Si | 3, 14 | 28,0855 | 2,33 | 1410 | 2355 | 1824 | Berzelius |
15 | Fosforo | P | 3, 15 | 30,973762 | 1,82 | 44 | 280 | 1669 | Brand |
16 | Sorfo | S | 3, 16 | 32,065 | 2,06 | 113 | 444,7 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
17 | Cloro | Cl | 3, 17 | 35,453 | 2,95 g/l | -34,6 | -101 | 1774 | Scheele |
18 | Argon | Ar | 3, 18 | 39,948 | 1,66 g/l | -189,4 | -185,9 | 1894 | Ramsay e Rayleigh |
19 | Potascio | K | 4, 1 | 39,0983 | 0,86 | 63,7 | 774 | 1807 | Davy |
20 | Cäso | Ca | 4, 2 | 40,078 | 1,54 | 839 | 1487 | 1808 | Davy |
21 | Scandio | Sc | 4, 3 | 44,955912 | 2,99 | 1539 | 2832 | 1879 | Nilson |
22 | Titanio | Ti | 4, 4 | 47,867 | 4,51 | 1660 | 3260 | 1791 | Gregor e Klaproth |
23 | Vanaddio | V | 4, 5 | 50,9415 | 6,09 | 1890 | 3380 | 1801 | del Río |
24 | Crommo | Cr | 4, 6 | 51,9961 | 7,14 | 1857 | 2482 | 1797 | Vauquelin |
25 | Manganeise | Mn | 4, 7 | 54,938045 | 7,44 | 1244 | 2097 | 1774 | Gahn |
26 | Færo | Fe | 4, 8 | 55,845 | 7,87 | 1535 | 2750 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
27 | Cobalto | Co | 4, 9 | 58,933195 | 8,89 | 1495 | 2870 | 1735 | Brandt |
28 | Nichel | Ni | 4, 10 | 58,6934 | 8,91 | 1453 | 2732 | 1751 | Cronstedt |
29 | Rammo | Cu | 4, 11 | 63,546 | 8,92 | 1083,5 | 2595 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
30 | Zingo | Zn | 4, 12 | 65,409 | 7,14 | 419,6 | 907 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
31 | Gallio | Ga | 4, 13 | 69,723 | 5,91 | 29,8 | 2403 | 1875 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
32 | Germanio | Ge | 4, 14 | 72,64 | 5,32 | 937,4 | 2830 | 1886 | Winkler |
33 | Arsenico | As | 4, 15 | 74,92160 | 5,72 | 613 | 613 (subl.) | 1250 ca. | Albertus Magnus |
34 | Selenio | Se | 4, 16 | 78,96 | 4,82 | 217 | 685 | 1817 | Berzelius |
35 | Brommo | Br | 4, 17 | 79,904 | 3,14 | -7,3 | 58,8 | 1826 | Balard |
36 | Kripton | Kr | 4, 18 | 83,798 | 3,48 g/l | -156,6 | -152,3 | 1898 | Ramsay e Travers |
37 | Rubiddio | Rb | 5, 1 | 85,4678 | 1,53 | 39 | 688 | 1861 | Bunsen e Kirchhoff |
38 | Stronsio | Sr | 5, 2 | 87,62 | 2,63 | 769 | 1384 | 1790 | Crawford |
39 | Ittrio | Y | 5, 3 | 88,90585 | 4,47 | 1523 | 3337 | 1794 | Gadolin |
40 | Sirconio | Zr | 5, 4 | 91,224 | 6,51 | 1852 | 4377 | 1789 | Klaproth |
41 | Niobio | Nb | 5, 5 | 92,906 38 | 8,58 | 2468 | 4927 | 1801 | Hatchett |
42 | Molibden | Mo | 5, 6 | 95,94 | 10,28 | 2617 | 5560 | 1778 | Scheele |
43 | Tecnessio | Tc | 5, 7 | [98,9063] | 11,49 | 2172 | 5030 | 1937 | Perrier e Segrè |
44 | Rutennio | Ru | 5, 8 | 101,07 | 12,45 | 2310 | 3900 | 1844 | Klaus |
45 | Rodio | Rh | 5, 9 | 102,90550 | 12,41 | 1966 | 3727 | 1803 | Wollaston |
46 | Palladio | Pd | 5, 10 | 106,42 | 12,02 | 1552 | 3140 | 1803 | Wollaston |
47 | Argento | Ag | 5, 11 | 107,8682 | 10,49 | 961,9 | 2212 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
48 | Cadmio | Cd | 5, 12 | 112,411 | 8,64 | 321 | 765 | 1817 | Strohmeyer e Hermann |
49 | Indio | In | 5, 13 | 114,818 | 7,31 | 156,2 | 2080 | 1863 | Reich e Richter |
50 | Stagno | Sn | 5, 14 | 118,710 | 7,29 | 232 | 2270 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
51 | Antimonio | Sb | 5, 15 | 121,760 | 6,69 | 630,7 | 1750 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
52 | Tellurio | Te | 5, 16 | 127,60 | 6,25 | 449,6 | 990 | 1782 | von Reichenstein |
53 | Iodio | I | 5, 17 | 126,90447 | 4,94 | 113,5 | 184,4 | 1811 | Courtois |
54 | Seno | Xe | 5, 18 | 131,293 | 4,49 g/l | -111,9 | -107 | 1898 | Ramsay e Travers |
55 | Çesio | Cs | 6, 1 | 132,9054519 | 1,90 | 28,4 | 690 | 1860 | Kirchhoff e Bunsen |
56 | Bario | Ba | 6, 2 | 137,327 | 3,65 | 725 | 1640 | 1808 | Davy |
57 | Lantagno | La | 6 | 138,90547 | 6,16 | 920 | 3454 | 1839 | Mosander |
58 | Çerio | Ce | 6 | 140,116 | 6,77 | 798 | 3257 | 1803 | von Hisinger e Berzelius |
59 | Praseodimio | Pr | 6 | 140,90765 | 6,48 | 931 | 3212 | 1895 | von Welsbach |
60 | Neodimio | Nd | 6 | 144,242 | 7,00 | 1010 | 3127 | 1895 | von Welsbach |
61 | Promesio | Pm | 6 | [146,9151] | 7,22 | 1080 | 2730 | 1945 | Marinsky e Glendenin |
62 | Samario | Sm | 6 | 150,36 | 7,54 | 1072 | 1778 | 1879 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
63 | Europio | Eu | 6 | 151,964 | 5,25 | 822 | 1597 | 1901 | Demarçay |
64 | Gadolinio | Gd | 6 | 157,25 | 7,89 | 1311 | 3233 | 1880 | de Marignac |
65 | Terbio | Tb | 6 | 158,92535 | 8,25 | 1360 | 3041 | 1843 | Mosander |
66 | Disprosio | Dy | 6 | 162,500 | 8,56 | 1409 | 2335 | 1886 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
67 | Olmio | Ho | 6 | 164,93032 | 8,78 | 1470 | 2720 | 1878 | Soret |
68 | Ærbio | Er | 6 | 167,259 | 9,05 | 1522 | 2510 | 1842 | Mosander |
69 | Tulio | Tm | 6 | 168,93421 | 9,32 | 1545 | 1727 | 1879 | Cleve |
70 | Itterbio | Yb | 6 | 173,04 | 6,97 | 824 | 1193 | 1878 | de Marignac |
71 | Lutesio | Lu | 6, 3 | 174,967 | 9,84 | 1656 | 3315 | 1907 | Urbain |
72 | Afnio | Hf | 6, 4 | 178,49 | 13,31 | 2150 | 5400 | 1923 | Coster e de Hevesy |
73 | Tantalio | Ta | 6, 5 | 180,9479 | 16,68 | 2996 | 5425 | 1802 | Ekeberg |
74 | Tungsten | W | 6, 6 | 183,84 | 19,26 | 3407 | 5927 | 1783 | Elhuyar |
75 | Renio | Re | 6, 7 | 186,207 | 21,03 | 3180 | 5627 | 1925 | Noddack, Tacke e Berg |
76 | Osmio | Os | 6, 8 | 190,23 | 22,61 | 3045 | 5027 | 1803 | Tennant |
77 | Iridio | Ir | 6, 9 | 192,217 | 22,65 | 2410 | 4130 | 1803 | Tennant |
78 | Patin | Pt | 6, 10 | 195,084 | 21,45 | 1772 | 3827 | 1557 | Scaliger |
79 | Öo | Au | 6, 11 | 196,966569 | 19,32 | 1064,4 | 2940 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
80 | Mercuio | Hg | 6, 12 | 200,59 | 13,55 | -38,9 | 356,6 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
81 | Tallio | Tl | 6, 13 | 204,3833 | 11,85 | 303,6 | 1457 | 1861 | Crookes |
82 | Ciongio | Pb | 6, 14 | 207,2 | 11,34 | 327,5 | 1740 | da l'antighitæ | sconosciùo |
83 | Bismüo | Bi | 6, 15 | 208,98040 | 9,80 | 271,4 | 1560 | 1540 | Geoffroy |
84 | Polonnio | Po | 6, 16 | [208,9824] | 9,20 | 254 | 962 | 1898 | Marie e Pierre Curie |
85 | Astö | At | 6, 17 | [209,9871] | 8,95 | 302 | 337 | 1940 | Corson e MacKenzie |
86 | Radon | Rn | 6, 18 | [222,0176] | 9,23 g/l | -71 | -61,8 | 1900 | Dorn |
87 | Fransio | Fr | 7, 1 | [223,0197] | 2,48 | 27 | 677 | 1939 | Perey |
88 | Radio | Ra | 7, 2 | [226,0254] | 5,50 | 700 | 1140 | 1898 | Marie e Pierre Curie |
89 | Attinio | Ac | 7 | [227,0278] | 10,07 | 1047 | 3197 | 1899 | Debierne |
90 | Torio | Th | 7 | 232,03806 | 11,72 | 1750 | 4787 | 1829 | Berzelius |
91 | Protoattinio | Pa | 7 | 231,03588 | 15,37 | 1554 | 4030 | 1917 | Soddy, Cranston e Hahn |
92 | Urannio | U | 7 | 238,02891 | 18,97 | 1132,4 | 3818 | 1789 | Klaproth |
93 | Nettunnio | Np | 7 | [237,0482] | 20,48 | 640 | 3902 | 1940 | McMillan e Abelson |
94 | Plutonnio | Pu | 7 | [244,0642] | 19,74 | 641 | 3327 | 1940 | Seaborg |
95 | Ameriçio | Am | 7 | [243,0614] | 13,67 | 994 | 2607 | 1944 | Seaborg |
96 | Curio | Cm | 7 | [247,0703] | 13,51 | 1340 | 3110 | 1944 | Seaborg |
97 | Berchelio | Bk | 7 | [247,0703] | 13,25 | 986 | 2627 | 1949 | Seaborg |
98 | Californio | Cf | 7 | [251,0796] | 15,1 | 900 | 1470 | 1950 | Seaborg |
99 | Einsteinio | Es | 7 | [252,0829] | 8,84 | 860 | 996 | 1952 | Seaborg |
100 | Fermio | Fm | 7 | [257,0951] | 9,7 | 1527 | - | 1952 | Seaborg |
101 | Mendelevio | Md | 7 | [258,0986] | 10,3 | 1521 | - | 1955 | Seaborg |
102 | Nobelio | No | 7 | [259,1009] | 9,9 | 827 | - | 1958 | Seaborg |
103 | Laurensio | Lr | 7, 3 | [260,1053] | 14,4 | 1627 | - | 1961 | Ghiorso |
104 | Rutherfordio | Rf | 7, 4 | [261,1087] | 17 | 2100 | 5500 | 1964/69 | Flerov |
105 | Dubnio | Db | 7, 5 | [262,1138] | 21,6 | - | - | 1967/70 | Flerov |
106 | Seabörgio | Sg | 7, 6 | [263,1182] | 23-24 | - | - | 1974 | Flerov |
107 | Bohrio | Bh | 7, 7 | [262,1229] | 26-27 | - | - | 1976 | Oganessian |
108 | Hassio | Hs | 7, 8 | [265] | 27-29 | - | - | 1984 | GSI[1] |
109 | Meitnerio | Mt | 7, 9 | [266] | 27-28 | - | - | 1982 | GSI |
110 | Darmstadtio | Ds | 7, 10 | [269] | 26-27 | - | - | 1994 | GSI |
111 | Rœntgenio | Rg | 7, 11 | [272] | 22-24 | - | - | 1994 | GSI |
112 | Copernicio | Cn | 7, 12 | [285] | 14 | 283 | 340 | 1996 | GSI |
113 | Nihonio | Nh | 7, 13 | [284] | 16 | 430 | 1130 | 2004 | JINR,[2] LLNL[3] |
114 | Flerovio | Fl | 7, 14 | [289] | 11,4 | 284 | - | 1999 | JINR |
115 | Moscovio | Mc | 7, 15 | [288] | 13,5 | 400 | 1100 | 2004 | JINR, LLNL |
116 | Livermorio | Lv | 7, 16 | [292] | 12,9 | 364-507 | 762-862 | 1999 | LBNL[4] |
117 | Tenessio | Ts | 7, 17 | [294] | 7,1-7,3 | 350-550 | 610 | 2010 | JINR |
118 | Oganesce | Og | 7, 18 | [294] | 7,2 | 52 | 177 | 2002 | JINR |
Nòtte
modìfica- ↑ Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Soçietæ pe o studio di ioni pesanti.
- ↑ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Istitüo unïo de reçerca nucleâ.
- ↑ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Laboratorio naçionâ Lawrence Livermore.
- ↑ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Laoeio naçionâ Lawrence Berkeley.
Âtri progetti
modìfica- Wikimedia Commons a contêgne di files in sce elementi chimici
Contròllo de outoritæ | LCCN (EN) sh85022897 · GND (DE) 4009874-6 · BNF (FR) cb11979075c (data) · NDL (EN, JA) 00562407 |
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