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Effects of dietary Hericium erinaceus extract on growth, nutrient utilization, hematology, expression of genes related immunity response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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Abstract

In recent years, there has been a growing focus on using herbal extracts as immune enhancers for aquatic species, replacing antibiotics. In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation of Hericium erinaceus extract (HE) on growth, feed utilization, hematology, expression of immunity-related genes, and immune responses in Nile tilapia infected by Streptococcus agalactiae were examined. A total of 240 Nile tilapia with an average body weight of 17.28 ± 0.01 g were fed diets enriched with different levels of HE: 0 (HE0), 0.1 (HE0.1), 1.0 (HE1.0), and 5.0 (HE5.0) g/kg. The results showed that growth parameters, feed conversion ratio, and organosomatic indexes were not linearly or quadratically affected by HE supplementation. Fish fed HE0.1 and HE1.0 increased protein efficiency ratio and protein productive values with significant linear and quadratic effects of HE enrichment. In addition, dietary supplementation of HE quadratically increased whole-body protein content. Red blood cell, white blood cell, and hematocrit were linearly and quadratically increased by HE supplementation. HE also linearly and quadratically decreased LDL cholesterol and linearly decreased the total cholesterol levels. Stress markers, serum glucose, and cortisol levels were linearly and/or quadratically decreased in HE-fed fish. The relative mRNA expression of tnf-α, il-1β, il-6, and il-10 were upregulated in the HE0.1 and HE1.0 groups, while dietary supplementation of HE significantly decreased hsp70cb1 mRNA expression in all groups. After feeding dietary HE supplementation for 10 weeks, fish were intraperitoneally injected with pathogenic S. agalactiae. A high survival after challenge was found in all HE supplementation groups with the highest percent survival observed in the HE1.0 and HE5.0 groups. Our findings represent that supplementation of 1 g/kg of HE (HE1.0) could obtain the greatest effects on immunity and survival of Nile tilapia. In addition, the present study also showed that dietary supplementation of HE can improve protein utilization, hematology, expression of genes related to immunity, stress markers, and resistance of Nile tilapia against pathogenic bacterial infection.

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Acknowledgements

All authors are grateful for all kind support.

Funding

This research study was granted with grant number; 64250501064, NRCT1/182; 2021 from The National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), Bangkok, Thailand.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellent in Research for Agricultural Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 M. 1, T. Thapo, A. Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand

    Anurak Khieokhajonkhet, Niran Aeksiri, Kumrop Ratanasut, Pattaraporn Tatsapong & Wilasinee Inyawilert

  2. Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand

    Piluntasoot Suwannalers

  3. School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Mae Ka, Phayao, 56000, Thailand

    Korntip Kannika

  4. College of Natural and Applied Science, University of Houston-Victoria, 3007 N. Ben Wilson, Victoria, TX, 77901, USA

    Gen Kaneko

  5. Kidchakan Supamattaya Aquatic Animal Health Research Center, Department of Aquatic Science and Innovative Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Wutiporn Phromkunthong

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  1. Anurak Khieokhajonkhet
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Contributions

Anurak Khieokhajonkhet: project administration, funding acquisition, methodology, conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, and writing-original draft; Piluntasoot Suwannalers, Korntip Kannika, and Niran Aeksiri: formal analysis, investigation, and funding acquisition; Gen Kaneko: formal analysis, writing-original draft, and proofreading; Kumrop Ratanasut, Pattaraporn Tatsapong, Wilasinee Inyawilert, and Wutiporn Phromkunthong: conceptualization and proofreading. All the authors have read and approved the final version of the article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anurak Khieokhajonkhet.

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Ethics approval

The protocol was also approved by the Naresuan University Animal Care and Use Committee (NUACUC), Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand (NUACUC No. AG-AQ0008/2564). Additionally, all procedures involving animals were also carried out following the guidelines and recommendations of the Institute of Animals for Scientific Purpose Development (IAD), the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), Bangkok, Thailand (License number U1/00704/2558).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Khieokhajonkhet, A., Suwannalers, P., Aeksiri, N. et al. Effects of dietary Hericium erinaceus extract on growth, nutrient utilization, hematology, expression of genes related immunity response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Physiol Biochem 50, 2519–2534 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-024-01399-2

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