Table 1.
Comparison of electronic data available at eMERGE institutions*
| EMR vendor or development (year initiated) | Group Health |
Marshfield Clinic |
Mayo Clinic |
Northwestern University |
Vanderbilt University |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epic (2003) | Internally developed: CattailsMD 1985 | GE Centricity with internally developed modules (1995) | Epic (1998) Cerner (1998) |
Internally developed: (StarChart) (1990s) | |
| Data availability* | |||||
| Pharmacy | 1977 | 1992 | 1995 | 2002 | 1998 (inpatient) |
| Medications | 1977 | 1992 | 1995 | 1998 | 1990 |
| Laboratory | 1988 | 1985 | 1978 | 2002 | 1995 |
| Procedures | 1977 | 1985 | 1907 | 1998 | 1990 |
| Inpatient diagnosis codes | 1972 | 1960 | 1907 | 2002 | 1990 |
| Outpatient diagnosis codes | 1984 | 1960 | 1907 | 1996 | 1990 |
| Billing codes | 1990 | 1985 | 1985 | 1977 | |
| Unique features/comments | eMERGE sample drawn from a study cohort | Structured data from EMR and insurance company is integrated into the Enterprise Data Warehouse | Vascular laboratory database is part of the EMR | Data are aggregated into an Enterprise Data Warehouse with data from Epic, Cerner, and multiple other data sources | DNA samples are linked to a de-identified version of the EMR, the Synthetic Derivative |
| Number of patients with genome-wide genotyping | 2790 | 3964 | 3412 | 1932 | 8909 |
*At some study sites electronic data were available in billing and clinical databases before the adoption of an integrated electronic medical record.
eMERGE, Electronic Medical Records and Genomics; EMR, electronic medical record