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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 26.
Published in final edited form as: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Sep 7;224(1):33–56. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2853-3

Table 3.

Effects of isolation rearing immediately post-weaning on drug abuse-related behaviors in rodents1

Model Drug Dose Effect References
Self-administration Amphetamine 0.03 mg/kg, i.v. ↑ amphetamine intake Bardo et al, 2001
0.004–0.25 mg/kg, i.v.;
0.025 mg/ml, oral
Ø amphetamine intake Bardo et al, 2001; Schenk et al, 1988; Zimmerberg & Brett 1992
0.25 µg/side, intracranial
(NAc)
↓ amphetamine intake Phillips et al, 1994a+
Cocaine 0.04–0.75 mg/kg, i.v. ↑ cocaine intake Boyle et al, 1991; Ding et al, 2005; Gipson et al, 201 1aΔ; Howes et al, 2000; Schenk et al, 1987; Phillips et al, 1994b+
0.023–1.5 mg/kg, i.v. Ø cocaine intake Boyle et al, 1991; Howes et al, 2000; Phillips et al, 1994a+,b+; Schenk et al, 1987
0.047–1.5 mg/kg, i.v.; 40
mg %, oral
↓ cocaine intake Howes et al, 2000; Morse et al, 1993+; Phillips et al, 1994a+; Schenk et al, 1987+
Morphine 0.5 mg/ml, oral ↑ morphine intake Alexander et al, 1978+
Sufentanil aerosol 50 µg/ml, inhalation ↑ sufentanil intake Weinhold et al, 1993+
Ethanol* 5–20%, oral ↑ ethanol intake Advani et al, 2007 (males, only in females with a history of MS);
Deehan et al, 2007+; Hall et al, 1998; Lodge & Lawrence, 2003+;
Lopez et al, 2011; McCool & Chappell 2009+; Schenk et al, 1990+;
Wolffgramm 1990+; Wolffgramm & Heyne, 1991+
2–20%, oral Ø ethanol intake Advani et al, 2007; Doremus et al, 2005; McCool & Chappell, 2009; Rockman et al, 1988+; Schenk et al, 1990+
2.5–10%, oral ↓ ethanol intake Pisu et al, 2011
10%, oral training dose Ø extinction responding
  for ethanol
McCool & Chappell, 2009
CPP Amphetamine 0.031 – 2.0 mg/kg, s.c Ø amphetamine CPP Bowling & Bardo, 1994; Schenk et al, 1986
1.5, 5 mg/kg, i.p. ↓ amphetamine CPP Wongwitchdecha & Marsden 1995
Cocaine 5, 10 mg/kg, i.p. ↑ cocaine CPP Zakharova et al, 2009
0.31 – 2.5 mg/kg, s.c. ↓ cocaine CPP Schenk et al, 1986
Morphine 5.0 mg/kg, s.c. ↑ morphine CPP Kennedy et al, 2011 (BALB: anti-social strain)
0.25 – 5.0 mg/kg, s.c. Ø morphine CPP Kennedy et al, 2011 (B6: social strain)
0.25 mg/kg, s.c. ↓ morphine CPP Kennedy et al, 2011 (BALB: anti-social strain)
Heroin 80 µg/kg, s.c. Ø heroin CPP Schenk et al, 1983
20 – 40µg/kg, s.c. ↓ heroin CPP Schenk et al, 1985; Schenk et al, 1983
Extinction CPP Cocaine 12.5 mg/kg, i.p. training ↓ weeks to extinguish Ribeiro Do Couto et al, 2009
dose cocaine CPP
Reinstatement
CPP
50 mg/kg, i.p. training dose Ø reinstatement Ribeiro Do Couto et al, 2009 (25 mg/kg, s.c. priming dose)
50 mg/kg, i.p. training dose ↓ reinstatement Ribeiro Do Couto et al, 2009 (12 mg/kg, s.c. priming dose)
1

Isolation immediately post-weaning (i.e., beginning PND 20–25)

+

Isolation housing ≥ 90 days

Δ

Enriched environment control (Note - in all other studies controls were social-reared)

Forced consumption only

*

Choice ethanol consumption

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