ELEMENTE DE GEOGRAFIE POLITICA Part 1

GEOGRAFIA POLITICA
Domeniu al Geografiei umane care studiaza relatiile intre geografie si politica; Se refera la:
studiul statelor, teritoriilor dependente si al altor entitati politicogeografice modul de reflectare a deciziilor politice in teritoriu relatiile internationale conflictele

Categoria fundamentala in Geografia politica este STATUL

ENTITATE POLITICOGEORGRAFICA INDEPENDENTA SI SUVERANA;

 Harta politicareprezentarea cartografica a statelor si a altor ctg. de teritorii, la nivel mondial, continental sau regional

La nivel de tara/stat se numeste harta politicoadministrativa

Populatia Terrei: 6,8 mild. Loc (2011)

Diviziunile geopolitice ale lumii contemporane sunt:

state, teritorii dependente, teritorii disputate si alte entitati politicoteritoriale

STATE INDEPENDENTE: 194

 Statul a aparut in antichitate odata cu surplusul de produse si clasele sociale

Statul modern, cu teritoriu, frontiere, functii precise a aparut in Europa, in sec 13-14. Aparitia statului modern este legata de formarea natiunilor (natiune=
forma istorica de comunitate umana, caracterizata prin comunitatea de teritoriu, limba, viata economica, factura psihica)

Cate state independente sunt pe Glob?

Este o intrebare dificila iar raspunsurile sunt diferite in functie de sursa: 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195 or 196. NOTE: 9. 07. 2011, Sudul Sudanului si-a declarat independenta in urma unui razboi civil de 6 ani (South Sudan.). 2008 ONU: 192 membri oficiali, fara Vatican si Kosovo Cea mai mare parte a statisticilor internationale :193 state, fara Kosovo, Palestina, Groenlanda, Western Sahara si acum South Sudan Departamentul de stat al SUA: 194 state independente (inclusiv Kosovo, dar fara Taiwan, stat pe care China il considera doar o provincie a sa)

Diviziunile geopolitice ale lumii contemporane

State independente Statul papal (independent cu recunoastere internationala) State independente cu recunoastere partiala Teritorii dependente Teritorii recunoscute prin unele tratate internationale speciale Regiuni administrative cu statul peciale ale Chinei

194 Vatican

9 -Taiwan, -Kosovo, -Sahara Occidentala, -Abhazia, -Ossetia de Sud, -R T a Ciprului de Nord, -Nagorno Karabakh, -Somaliland,

38 Australia-3 Danemarca -2 Franta-7 Olanda 2 N. Zeelanda-3 U K-16 SUA-5

5 ex Teritoriile palestiniene ocupate de Israel

2 -Hong Kong -Macau

STATUL INDEPENDENT
Conform art. 1 al CONVENTIEI INTERNATIONALE DE LA MONTEVIDEO (1933), criteriile pe care trebuie sa le indeplineasca un teritoriu pentru a fi un stat inependent sunt:
(a) sa abia o populatie permanenta; (b) sa aiba un teritoriu bine definit; (c) sa fie guvernat; (d) celelalte state sa-i recunoasca si sa-i respecte independena si suveranitatea.

Caracteristicile fundamentale ale statelor

INDEPENDENTA se refera la politica externa - dreptul statului de a avea deplina libertate in raport cu celelalte state. Statul independent nu depinde de niciun alt stat.

SUVERANITATEA se refera la politica interna - dreptul statului de a-si alege regimul politic, forma de guvernamant, organizarea administrativa, politica externa, de a stapani si gestiona propriile resurse

 STATE INDEPENDENTE: 194

AFRICA (54) Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Congo, Democratic Republic of Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

ASIA (44) Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Burma (Myanmar) Cambodia China East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen

EUROPE (47) Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City

N. AMERICA (23) Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States

OCEANIA (14) Australia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu

S. AMERICA (12) Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela

Short-form name Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan

Long-form name Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Republic of Albania People's Democratic Republic of Algeria Principality of Andorra Republic of Angola (no long-form name) Argentine Republic Republic of Armenia Commonwealth of Australia Republic of Austria Republic of Azerbaijan

FIPS Code AF AL AG AN AO AC AR AM AS AU AJ

Capital Kabul Tirana Algiers Andorra la Vella Luanda Saint John's Buenos Aires Yerevan Canberra Vienna Baku

Bahamas, The Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi

Commonwealth of The Bahamas Kingdom of Bahrain People's Republic of Bangladesh (no long-form name) Republic of Belarus Kingdom of Belgium (no long-form name) Republic of Benin Kingdom of Bhutan State of Bolivia

BF BA BG BB BO BE BH BN BT BL

Nassau Manama Dhaka Bridgetown Minsk Brussels Belmopan Porto-Novo Thimphu La Paz (administrative) Sucre (legislative/judiciary) Sarajevo Gaborone Braslia Bandar Seri Begawan Sofia Ouagadougou Rangoon Nay Pyi Taw (administrative) Bujumbura

(no long-form name) Republic of Botswana Federative Republic of Brazil Brunei Darussalam Republic of Bulgaria Burkina Faso Union of Burma Republic of Burundi

BK BC BR BX BU UV BM BY

Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa) Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic

Kingdom of Cambodia Republic of Cameroon (no long-form name) Republic of Cape Verde Central African Republic Republic of Chad Republic of Chile People's Republic of China Republic of Colombia Union of the Comoros Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of Costa Rica Republic of Cte d'Ivoire Republic of Croatia Republic of Cuba Republic of Cyprus Czech Republic

CB CM CA CV CT CD CI CH CO CN CF CG CS IV HR CU CY EZ

Phnom Penh Yaound Ottawa Praia Bangui N'Djamena Santiago Beijing Bogot Moroni Brazzaville Kinshasa San Jos Yamoussoukro Zagreb Havana Nicosia Prague

Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia

Kingdom of Denmark Republic of Djibouti Commonwealth of Dominica Dominican Republic Republic of Ecuador Arab Republic of Egypt Republic of El Salvador Republic of Equatorial Guinea State of Eritrea Republic of Estonia Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Republic of the Fiji Islands Republic of Finland French Republic FJ FI FR

DA Copenhagen DJ Djibouti DO Roseau DR Santo Domingo EC Quito EG Cairo ES EK San Salvador Malabo

ER Asmara EN Tallinn ET Addis Ababa

Fiji Finland France

Suva Helsinki Paris

Gabon Gambia, The Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana

Gabonese Republic Republic of The Gambia Georgia Republic of Ghana Hellenic Republic (no long-form name) Republic of Guatemala Republic of Guinea Republic of Guinea-Bissau Co-operative Republic of Guyana Republic of Haiti Holy See Republic of Honduras Republic of Hungary

GB Libreville GA Banjul GG Tbilisi GH Accra GR Athens GJ GT PU Saint George's Guatemala Bissau

Federal Republic of Germany GM Berlin

GV Conakry

GY Georgetown

Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary

HA VT HO HU

Port-au-Prince Vatican City Tegucigalpa Budapest

Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy

Republic of Iceland Republic of India Republic of Indonesia Islamic Republic of Iran Republic of Iraq (no long-form name) State of Israel Italian Republic

IC IN ID IR IZ EI IS IT

Reykjavk New Delhi Jakarta Tehran Baghdad Dublin Jerusalem Rome

Jamaica Japan Jordan

(no long-form name) (no long-form name) Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

JM JA JO

Kingston Tokyo Amman

Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Korea, North Korea, South Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg

Republic of Kazakhstan Republic of Kenya Republic of Kiribati Democratic People's Republic of Korea Republic of Korea Republic of Kosovo State of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic Republic of Latvia Lebanese Republic Kingdom of Lesotho Republic of Liberia Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Principality of Liechtenstein Republic of Lithuania Grand Duchy of Luxembourg LA LG LE LT LI LY LS LH LU

KZ KE KR KN KS KV KU KG

Astana Nairobi Tarawa Pyongyang Seoul Pristina Kuwait Bishkek

Vientiane Riga Beirut Maseru Monrovia Tripoli Vaduz Vilnius Luxembourg

Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands

Republic of Macedonia Republic of Madagascar Republic of Malawi (no long-form name) Republic of Maldives Republic of Mali Republic of Malta Republic of the Marshall Islands Islamic Republic of Mauritania Republic of Mauritius United Mexican States Federated States of Micronesia Republic of Moldova Principality of Monaco (no long-form name) Montenegro Kingdom of Morocco Republic of Mozambique

MK MA MI MY MV ML MT RM

Skopje Antananarivo Lilongwe Kuala Lumpur Male Bamako Valletta Majuro

Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia, Federated States of Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique

MR MP MX FM MD MN MG MJ MO MZ

Nouakchott Port Louis Mexico Palikir Chisinau Monaco Ulaanbaatar Podgorica Rabat Maputo

Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway

Republic of Namibia Republic of Nauru

WA Windhoek NR Yaren District (no capital city) Kathmandu Amsterdam The Hague (seat of gov't) Wellington

Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal NP Kingdom of the Netherlands (no long-form name) Republic of Nicaragua Republic of Niger Federal Republic of Nigeria Kingdom of Norway NL NZ

NU Managua NG Niamey NI Abuja NO Oslo

Oman

Sultanate of Oman

MU

Muscat

Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda

Islamic Republic of Pakistan Republic of Palau Republic of Panama Independent State of Papua New Guinea Republic of Paraguay Republic of Peru Republic of the Philippines Republic of Poland Portuguese Republic State of Qatar Romania Russian Federation Republic of Rwanda QA RO RS RW

PK PS PM PP PA PE RP PL PO

Islamabad Melekeok Panama Port Moresby Asuncin Lima Manila Warsaw Lisbon Doha Bucharest Moscow Kigali

Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia

Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis (no long-form name) (no long-form name)

SC ST VC

Basseterre Castries Kingstown

Independent State of Samoa WS Apia Republic of San Marino Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Republic of Senegal Republic of Serbia SM San Marino TP SA RI So Tom Riyadh Belgrade

SG Dakar

Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu

Republic of Tajikistan United Republic of Tanzania Kingdom of Thailand Togolese Republic Kingdom of Tonga Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Tunisian Republic Republic of Turkey (no long-form name) (no long-form name)

TI TZ

Dushanbe Dar es Salaam Dodoma (legislative)

TH Bangkok TO Lom TN Nuku'alofa TD Port-of-Spain TS Tunis TU Ankara TX Ashgabat TV Funafuti

Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste TT Dili

Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia

Republic of Seychelles Republic of Sierra Leone Republic of Singapore Slovak Republic Republic of Slovenia (no long-form name) (no long-form name)

SE SL SN LO SI BP SO

Victoria Freetown Singapore Bratislava Ljubljana Honiara Mogadishu Pretoria (administrative) Cape Town (legislative) Bloemfontein (judiciary) Madrid Colombo Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative) Khartoum Paramaribo Mbabane (administrative) Lobamba (legislative) Stockholm Bern

South Africa

Republic of South Africa

SF

Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Syrian Arab Republic Sweden Switzerland Syria

Kingdom of Spain Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Republic of the Sudan Republic of Suriname SY Kingdom of Sweden Swiss Confederation

SP CE SU NS Dam ascu s SW SZ

Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan

Republic of Uganda (no long-form name) United Arab Emirates United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America Oriental Republic of Uruguay Republic of Uzbekistan

U G UP AE U K US UY UZ

Kampala Kyiv Abu Dhabi London Washington, DC Montevideo Tashkent

Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Yemen

Republic of Vanuatu Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Socialist Republic of Vietnam Republic of Yemen YM

NH VE VM

Port-Vila Caracas Hanoi Sanaa

Zambia Zimbabwe

Republic of Zambia Republic of Zimbabwe

ZA ZI

Lusaka Harare

TERITORIILE DEPENDENTE
NU SUNT INDEPENDEN TE SI SUVERANE, SUNT CONTROLATE (TUTELATE) DE ALTE STATE AU DENUMIRI DIFERITE:
COLONII, PROTECTORATE STATE ASOCIATE, TERITORII DE PESTE MARI ETC.

(A) American Samoa (Pago Pago) usa Anguilla (The Valley) british Aruba (Oranjestad) netherlands Ashmore & Cartier Islands (na) australian (B) Baker & Howland Islands (na) usa Bermuda (Hamilton) british Bouvet Island (na) norwegian British Indian Ocean Territory (Diego Garcia) british British Virgin Is (Road Town) british (C) Cayman Islands (George Town) british Christmas Island (Flying Fish Cove) australian Cocos Islands (West Island) australian Cook Islands (Avarua) new zealand Coral Sea Islands (na) australian (F) Faeroe Islands (Torshavn) denmark Falkland Islands (Stanley) british French Guiana (Cayenne) french French Polynesia (Papeete) french (G) Gibraltar (Gibraltar) british Greenland (Nuuk) denmark Guadeloupe (Basse-Terre) french Guam (Agana) usa Guernsey (St. Peter Port) british

TERITORIILE DEPENDENTE
(alfabetic)

(H) Heard & MacDonald Islands (na) australian Hong Kong (na) now controlled by China (I) Isle of Man (Douglas) british (J) Jan Mayen (na) norwegian Jarvis Island (na) usa Jersey (St. Helier) british Johnston Atoll (na) usa (K) Kingman Reef (na) usa (M) Macao (Macao) now controlled by china Martinique (Fort-de-France) french Mayotte (Mamoudzou) french Midway Islands (na) usa Montserrat (Plymouth) british

(N) Navassa Island (na) usa Netherland Antilles (Willemstad) netherlands New Caledonia (Noumea) french Niue (Alofi) new zealand Norfolk Island (Kingston) australian Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan) usa (P) Palmyra Atoll (na) usa Paracel Islands (Woody Island) disputed by china, taiwan and vietnam Puerto Rico (San Juan) usa Peter Island (na) norwegian Pitcairn Islands (Adamstown) british (R) Reunion (Saint-Denis) french (S) St. Helena & Dependencies (Jamestown) british St. Pierre & Miquelon (St. Pierre) french South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands (Grytviken) british Spratly Islands (na) disputed by china, vietnam, malaysia, and more Svalbard (Longyearbyen) norwegian (T) Tokelau(na) new zealand Turks & Caicos Islands (Cockburn Town) british (V) Virgin Islands (Charlotte Amalie) usa (W) Wake Island (na) usa Wallis & Futuna (Mata Uta) french

Componentele statului
componenta geografica
Teritoriul

componenta demografica
Populatia

componenta politicoadministrativa
-Forma de guvernamant -Regimul politic -Forma de organizare interna

Componenta geografica: teritoriul

Teritoriu de stat suprafata ocupata de stat, cu toate conditiile si resursele sale Este delimitat de frontiere/granite. Elementele teritoriului:
Uscatul (continental si /sau insular) Apele teritoriale Subsolul geologic Spatiul aerian Toate conditiile si resursele care apartin solului, subsolului, apelor si aerului

componenta teritoriala (teritoriul de stat)

Clasificarea statelor dupa pozitia geografica a teritoriului:

1.state continentale (situate in interiorul uscatului, fara iesire la mare sau ocean) 2. state enclava (enclave) 3.state cu iesire la mare (au in componenta ape teritoriale):
a) st. insulare b) st. peninsulare c) st. cu fatade maritime

4 state continental -insulare 5.state insulare/arhipelag

1.State continentale
-44 state si teritorii nu au iesire la mare (suprafata lor se desfasoara exclusiv pe uscat)

Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia,\Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad,Czech Republic,Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,Lesotho,Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Swaziland,Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe;

ENCLAVE
STATUL AL CARUI TERITORIU ESTE INCONJURAT COMPLET DE TERITORIUL ALTUI STAT MAI MARE, SE NUMESTE ENCLAVA
EX: -VATICAN, -SAN MARINO, -LESHOTO, -SWAZILAND, -ALININGRAD -NAGORNO KARABACH

Enclave

2. state situate pe continent dar cu iesire la mare

Conform Conventiei ONU asupra Dreptului Marii(1982), statele cu iesire la mare detin

1. apele teritoriale: 12 mile marine 2. zona economica exclusiva (ZEE)

 4. state insulare/arhipelag

GRANITELE (frontierele)
limitele teritoriului de stat Granite naturale Granite conventionale

 -Suprafata Terrei:

510 072 000 kmp din care

uscat:148,94 mil kmp (29,2%) apa: 361 132 kmp( 70,8%)

-Lungimea granitelor pe uscat:

250 708 km China si Rusia

2 state se invecineaza fiecare cu cate 14 state:

-44 state si teritorii nu au iesire la mare

 94 state si teritorii sunt insule si nu se invecineaz a cu niciun alt stat (decat la nivelul apelor teritoriale):

American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan

 Granite naturale obstacole naturale intre state au, in general, un traseu sinuos

rauri, fluvii, lacuri, fasii maritime; creste muntoase

GRANITE CONVENTIONALE
Stabilite intre state in doua moduri: se traseaza pe harti si apoi pe de comun acord, prin Au traseu:
negocieri si tratate internationale Impuse cu forta in urma unor conflicte intre state Sinuos (linii curbe) Rectiliniu:de-a lungul paralelelor si/sau meridianelor linii frante

STATELE CU CELE MAI LUNGI GRANITE: China 13,759 miles Russia 12,514 miles Brazil 9,129 miles India 8,763 miles USA 7,611 miles Democratic Republic of Congo 6,382 miles Argentina 6,006 miles Canada 5,526 miles Mongolia 5,042 miles Sudan 4,783 miles

 Cea mai lunga frontiera intre 2 state:

Canada - SUA , 8.893 km (nepazita), de-a lungul paralelei de 490 lat N

 Rusia: 57 000 km de granita cu 14 tari diferite:

Coreea de Nord, China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ucraina, Belarus, Letonia, Estonia, Finlanda, Norvegia, Lituania, Polonia

Romania

2,508 km

Bulgaria: 608 km Hungary: 443 km Moldova: 450 km Serbia: 476 km Ukraine : 531 km

 State alungite in lungul unor lanturi muntoase sau tarmuri: Chile, Argrntina, Somalia, Nepal State extinse de-a lungul unor zone climatice: Rusia, Canada, SUA, Pozitia geografica si State cu forma cvasicirculara: Romania traseul State cu forma poligonala: Franta frontierelor determina State cu forma suprapusa unor bazine forma statelor; hidrografice:Venezuela, Pakistan State -continent: Australia State peninsula: India, Turcia State- insula: Madagascar, Islanda, Nauru State-arhipelag: Indonezia, UK State continental-insulare: Grecia, Italia, Danemarca State enclava; Leshoto, Swaziland

Clasificarea statelor dupa marimea teritoriului

Statele ocupa supr.diferite pe cont. si insule. SINGURUL continent neteritorializat (fara state) este ANTARCTICA Marimea teritoriului influenteaza:
evolutia si dezv. ec. si soc. a statelor, organizarea administrativa, repartitia geografica si densitatea populatiei, sistemul de cai de comunicatii si transporturi, etc.

Cu cat e mai extins un stat are o mai mare varietate de cond. si resurse

 1.) state cu dimensiuni continentale, >7 mil km2 ) impreuna, ocupa 42% din suprafata uscatului Terrei

Ran k

Country

Total Area (km2)

Coastline (km)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Federatia Rusa Canada China USA Brazil Australia

17,075,000 9,985,000 9,634,000 9,631,400 8,512,000 7,686,850

37,650 202,080 16,840 19,920 7,490 25,760

Ran k

Country

Total Area (km2)

Coastline (km)

7.

India Argentina Kazakhstan Sudan Algeria R D Congo Arabia Saudita Mexic Indonezia Lybia Iran Mongolia Peru Chad Niger Angola Mali RSA Columbia Etiopia Bolivia Mauritania Egipt

3,287,600 2,760,000 2,717,300 2,505,000

7,000 4,900 0 850

2.) state f. mari (1-3 mil km2)

8. 9. 10. 11 12 13

2 149 690 1 964 375

1 002 000

 3.) state mari (500 km2 - 1 mil km2)

Tanzania Nigeria Venezuela Namibia Mozambic Pakistan Turcia Chile Zambia Myanmar Afganistan Somalia Franta R. Central Africana Ucraina Madagascar Botswana Kenia Yemen Thailanda Spania

 4. state mijlocii (500 km2 100 000 km2 55 state, inclusiv Romania

Ex: Turkmenistan 488 100 km2 Islanda 103 000 km2

 4. state mici (10 000 - 100 000 km2)

Ex: Corea: 99 678 km2 Liban: 10 452 km2

 5. state f. mici (<10 000 km2)

1 Vatican: 0,44 km2 ; 1000 loc. 2 Monaco: 1,95 km2 ; 32 000loc 3 San Marino: 60,57km2 ; 30 000 loc 4 Liechtenstein: 160km2 ; 30 000loc 5 Andorra: 430 km2 ; 70 000 loc

Componenta demografica
POPULATIA CU TOATE CARACTERISTICILE EI GEOEMOGRAFICE

NATIUNEA forma istorica de comunitate umana, caract. prin unitatea de: teritoriu limba viata sociala cultura si civilizatie

N o. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. China India

Country

Population 1,347,380,882 1,184,130,123 310,207,441 243,001,006 201,122,152 179,674,399 158,067,060 152,198,748 139,387,254 126,835,958

United States Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Bangladesh Nigeria Russia

10 Japan

Statele cel mai putin populate

1. Vatican City Europa 826 loc 2. Tuvalu Pacific 12 373 3. Nauru Pacific 14 019 4. Palau Pacific 20 000 5. San Marino Europa 30,167 6. Monaco Europa 32 9657. 7.Liechtenstein Europa 35 446 8. Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean- 52 000 9. Marshall Islands Pacific 62 000 10. Dominica Caribbean 72 660

GLOBALIZAREA