It is known that lactation induces a mild hypothyroid state in rats and other mammals while thyro... more It is known that lactation induces a mild hypothyroid state in rats and other mammals while thyroid hormone administration increases milk secretion in ruminants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of 3,5,3'triiodothyronine (T3), administered to rat dams during lactation on pups' growth and milk yield and composition. Primiparous Wistar rats with litters adjusted to 10 pups per dam received either tap water or T3 (75 pg/kgday) in their drinking water from parturition till weaning. Food and water intake of dams and body weight of dams and pups were measured daily. In other groups of rats with similar treatments, milk yield of dams, macronutrient milk composition, and mammary arteriovenous differences for triglycerides (TG) and glucose were also determined. Dams treated with T3 ingested more food and their pups gained more weight than controls. Milk yield, milk TG concentration and glucose extraction by mammary glands were also higher in T3 treated dams. The results show that compensation of the mild hypothyroidism of the lactating rat may contribute to an increase in milk production and lipid levels, leading to an increase in growth of pups.
Four new species belonging to the families Eunicidae and Onuphidae are described on the basis of ... more Four new species belonging to the families Eunicidae and Onuphidae are described on the basis of specimens collected from El Salvador, Central America. Additionally ten species belonging to Onuphidae are mentioned, nine of these are newly reported from El Salvador. Eunice chicasi sp. nov., belong to the group of species with acicula distally hammer head, peristomial cirri smooth only reaching middle peristomium, branchiae from chaetiger 5 to the end of body, with up to six ¢laments, falcigers with lateral tooth triangular, well developed. Eunice salvadorensis sp. nov. has moniliform and cylindrical articles in the antennae, peristomial cirri with 17 small moniliform articles. Kinbergonuphis kristiani sp. nov. presents up to ten branchial ¢laments, ventral cirri digitiform on the ¢rst seven chaetigers, pseudocompound hooks tridentate appear on chaetigers 1^5, large tridentate hooks on chaetigers 5^7, and subacicular hooks from chaetiger 19. Paradiopatra barrazai sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with inner lateral antennae longer than the median antennae, ceratophores with four rings, ventral cirri of chaetigers 1^2 cirriform, postchaetal lobe digitate visible to the end of the body, tridentate pseudocompound hooks on chaetigers 1^4, large tridentate hook on chaetigers 5^28, subacicular hooks from chaetiger 30.
It is known that lactation induces a mild hypothyroid state in rats and other mammals while thyro... more It is known that lactation induces a mild hypothyroid state in rats and other mammals while thyroid hormone administration increases milk secretion in ruminants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of 3,5,3'triiodothyronine (T3), administered to rat dams during lactation on pups' growth and milk yield and composition. Primiparous Wistar rats with litters adjusted to 10 pups per dam received either tap water or T3 (75 pg/kgday) in their drinking water from parturition till weaning. Food and water intake of dams and body weight of dams and pups were measured daily. In other groups of rats with similar treatments, milk yield of dams, macronutrient milk composition, and mammary arteriovenous differences for triglycerides (TG) and glucose were also determined. Dams treated with T3 ingested more food and their pups gained more weight than controls. Milk yield, milk TG concentration and glucose extraction by mammary glands were also higher in T3 treated dams. The results show that compensation of the mild hypothyroidism of the lactating rat may contribute to an increase in milk production and lipid levels, leading to an increase in growth of pups.
Four new species belonging to the families Eunicidae and Onuphidae are described on the basis of ... more Four new species belonging to the families Eunicidae and Onuphidae are described on the basis of specimens collected from El Salvador, Central America. Additionally ten species belonging to Onuphidae are mentioned, nine of these are newly reported from El Salvador. Eunice chicasi sp. nov., belong to the group of species with acicula distally hammer head, peristomial cirri smooth only reaching middle peristomium, branchiae from chaetiger 5 to the end of body, with up to six ¢laments, falcigers with lateral tooth triangular, well developed. Eunice salvadorensis sp. nov. has moniliform and cylindrical articles in the antennae, peristomial cirri with 17 small moniliform articles. Kinbergonuphis kristiani sp. nov. presents up to ten branchial ¢laments, ventral cirri digitiform on the ¢rst seven chaetigers, pseudocompound hooks tridentate appear on chaetigers 1^5, large tridentate hooks on chaetigers 5^7, and subacicular hooks from chaetiger 19. Paradiopatra barrazai sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with inner lateral antennae longer than the median antennae, ceratophores with four rings, ventral cirri of chaetigers 1^2 cirriform, postchaetal lobe digitate visible to the end of the body, tridentate pseudocompound hooks on chaetigers 1^4, large tridentate hook on chaetigers 5^28, subacicular hooks from chaetiger 30.
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