The Popes: Reaction and Reform
- WEB See Documents of the Roman Catholic Church- an extensive collection of papal encyclicals and other official Catholic documents.
- Pope Pius IX (b. 1792. pope. 1846-1878): Syllabus of Errors, 8 Dec 1864 [At American]
- Pope Leo XIII (b. 1810. pope. 1878-1903): On the Condition of the Working Classes (Rerum Novarum), 15 May 1891 [At American]
  Analysis of social conditions in the late 19th century. The pope's emphasis on social justice for workers marked a significant change from the perceived traditional ecclesiastical alignment with the aristocracy.
- Pope Pius X (b. 1835. pope. 1903-1814): Lamentabili Same: The Syllabus of Errors Condemning the Errors of The Modernists
  3 July 1907 [At American] - a Condemnation of "Modernism".
- Pope Pius X (b. 1835. pope. 1903-1814): The Oath Against Modernism (Sacrorum antistitum), 1910 [At this Site]
- Pope Pius XII (b. 1876. pope. 1939-1958): On Promotion of Biblical Studies (Divino Afflante Spiritu), 30 Sep 1943 [At American]
  A document which essentially overturned biblical literalism as a Catholic doctrine.
Renewed Marianism
- WEB Marian Apparitions Page
  Extremely pious, but complete for Europe.
- The Apparitions at La Sallette, 1846 [At this Site]
  The first major 19th century Apparitions.
- Bishop's Commission on the Apparitions of Mary at Lourdes 1858, and Final Report [At Catholic Online]. See also Cult Image of Mary.
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): On the Virgin Mary [At this Site]
Converts
- 2ND Patrick Allitt: Catholic Converts: British and American Intellectuals Turn to Rome, Chapter 1, with an interesting review by Peter Steinfels. [At NY Times: you will be asked to "sign up" to access the text]
- Francis Thompson !859-1907): The Hound of Heaven, with discussion [At Drexel]
- Lytton Strachey: Cardinal Manning (1807-1982), from Eminent Victorians, 1918 [At this Site][At this Site]
- 2ND Peter C. Erb: A Question of Sovereignty: The Politics of Manning's Conversion, 1996 [At Emory]
- MEGA Newman Links Page [At Erasmus]
  Links to discussions and all texts online. Rather emphasizes Newman as a "conservative", and ignores his progressivism, not to mention his probable homosexuality.
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): The Theory of Developments in Religious Doctrine, 1843 [At this Site]
  This is a "University Sermon" from 1843 (the last of his Fifteen Sermons Preached Before the University of Oxford), not the more extended monograph of 1845.
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): Essay On the Development of Christian Doctrine, long excerpts. [At Caltech]
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): Surrender to God (1st Sunday in Lent), 1848 [At this Site]
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): The World and Sin (2nd Sunday in Lent), 1848 [At this Site]
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): Faith and Private Judgement,1849 [At this Site]
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): The Second Spring: A sermon delivered to the First Provincial Council of Westminster, 1852 [At this Site]
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): The Idea of A University, 1854 [At this Site]
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): Sermon on Fasting [At this Site]
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): On Consulting the Faithful in Matters of Doctrine, July 1859 [At this Site]
  Newman advances ideas in ecclesiology which were not fully understood until a century later at the Second Vatican Council.
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): Apologia Pro Vita Sua, 1864 [At this Site]
  Complete text, with the subsidiary documents. This is probably the single most influential document produced by and about English Catholicism.
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): A Letter Addressed to His Grace the Duke of Norfolk on Occasion of Mr. Gladstone's Recent Expostulation, Dec. 27, 1874 [At this Site]
  Newman's great Catholic defence of the primacy of conscience against all other authority.
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): Who is to Blame? [At this Site]
  Newman on the nature of constitutional government.
- 2ND See Catholic Encyclopedia: John Henry Newman [At New Advent] and E. L. Core John Henry Newman: His Developing Faith, His Life as a Catholic [At Victorian Web]
- WEB Gerard Manley Hopkins Page [At Creighton]
- Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889): Selected Poetry [At Toronto]
- Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889): Poems, complete 1918 edition, [At Bartleby]
- MEGA Chesterton Links Page [At Erasmus]
  Texts and further information on G.K.Chesteron, as well as Newman, Belloc, Hopkins, and Knox.
- WEB G. K. Chesterton Page, including Chesterton's Works on the Web [At Durham]
- Gilbert Keith Chesteron: Heretics, 1905, full text, [At CCEL]
- Gilbert Keith Chesteron: Orthodoxy, 1909, full text, [At CCEL]
- WEB Mgsr. Robert Hugh Benson (1871-1914) [At Notre Dame]
- Mgsr. Robert Hugh Benson (1871-1914): Papers of a Pariah, 1907 [At Notre Dame]
- Mgsr. Robert Hugh Benson (1871-1914): Confessions of a Convert, 1913 [At Notre Dame]
- St. George Jackson Mivart (1827-1900): On the Genesis of the Species, 1871
  Mivart was a Catholic convert who wrote a noted reply to the Darwinian thesis, which he did not dismiss out of hand, in 1871. In 1876, Pope Pius IX conferred on him the degree of doctor of philosophy.
Converts and Decadence
- Canon John Gray
- Andre Raffalovich
- Oscar Wilde
- Baron Corvo
Radicals
- Dorothy Day: Aims and Purposes, 1940 [At Catholic Worker]
- WEB Dorothy Day Archives [At Catholic Worker]
  Many more texts by Dorothy Day and other Catholic Worker writers.
Missionary Expansion
- Pope Leo XIII: Encyclical: Catholicae Ecclesiae (On Slavery in The Missions), 1890. [At American]
Resistence to Roman Control
- Old Catholics
  - The Declaration of Utrecht, September 24, 1889 [At this Site]
- "Modernism"

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Protestantism: Activism, Rationalism, and Fideism

Walter Rauschenbusch: The Social Gospel, 1908 [At this Site]
William James (1842-1910): The Varieties of Religious Experience, 1902 [At Psychweb][Full Text]
Biblical Criticism
- WEB Ancient History Sourcebook
  Sections on history of Israel and early Christianity also link to texts on Biblical criticism.
- WEB How Christians Interpret the Bible [At Religious Tolerance][Summary]
- Ernest Renan (1823-1892) : The Life of Jesus, 1861 [At Secular Web]
Muscular Christianity
- 2ND Larry K. Uffelman, Charles Kingsley: A Biography [At Victorian Web]
The Oxford Movement
- John Keble (1792-1866): Sermon on National Apostasy, 1833 [At Victorian Web]
  Preached at the Assize Sermon in Oxford, it was sensation and is seen as the beginning of the Oxford Movement. See article by Glenn Everett on Tractarianism [At Victorian Web] or the Catholic Encyclopedia on The Oxford Movement
- The Tracts for the Times, 1833-1841 [At this Site]
  Listing of all tracts, with links to online texts were available.
- Tracts for the Times 1: Thoughts on the Ministerial Commisson, 1833, [by John Henry Newman][At this Site]
- Tracts for the Times 2: The Catholic Church, 1833 [by John Henry Newman][At this Site]
- Tracts for the Times 3: Thoughts on Alteration in the Liturgy, 1833 [by John Henry Newman][At this Site]
- Tracts for the Times 4: Adherence to the Apostolical Succession the Safest Course. On Alterations in the Prayer-book, 1833 [by John Keble] [At this Site]
- John Henry Newman (1801-1890): Select Writings [At LibertyNet]
- Negating the 39 Articles [At this Site]
- Pope Leo XIII (b.1810-r.1878-1903): On the Nullity of Anglican Orders, Apostolicae Curae, 1896 [At this Site]
- Archbishops of England: Reply to Leo XIII [At this Site]
Quakers
- Richmond Conference (Quakers): Declaration of Faith , 1887 [At cpcug] but see another opinion
  Shows the very strong pull of credal Protestantism on Quakers.
Fundamentalism
Missionary Expansion
- Oliver Chase Quick: The Jerusalem Meeting and the Christian Message, International Review of Missions (IRM) 17, No. 67, (1928), pp.445-54. [At voyager.co.nz]

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Eastern Orthodoxy: Christian Life Under Tsars and Sultans

Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs, 1848 [At this Site]
A Reply to the Epistle of Pope Pius IX, To the Easterns
The Patriarchal Encyclical, 1895 [At this Site]
A Reply to the Papal Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII On Reunion (1895)

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Judaism and Modernity

WEB Jewish History Sourcebook
WEB Modern Judaic Thought [At Alberta]
WEB Beyond the Pale: History of the Jews in Russia
Covers Jewish history in Russia from the middle ages until the present.
Solomon Schechter: The Dogmas of Judaism, Chapter 6 of Studies in Judaism, First Series, 1896 [At netaxs.com]
Jewish Encyclopedia - Articles of Faith, 1906 [At netaxs.com]
Reform Judaism: Pittsburgh Platform, 1885 [At netaxs.com]
'Classical' Reform.
Reform Judaism: Columbus Platform, 1937 [At netaxs.com]
More traditional

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Eastern Religions in the West

WEB Madame Blavatsky: Works [At Blavatsky.net]
Large number of texts from the major figure in Theosophy.

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Humanist Consideration of Religious Thought

Ludwig B�chner: Force and Matter--Empirico-Philosophical Studies Intelligibly Rendered, 1855 [At this Site]
This is one of the most successful, and early, statements on Materialism stemming from the conclusions of the New Science.
Ernst Haeckel: The Confession of Faith of a Man of Science, 1892 [At this Site]
Andrew Dickson White: A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, 1896, full text, [At Wiretap]
Albert Einstein (1879-1955): Science and Religion, 1939 [At St. Cloud]
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970): Why I am not a Christian [At Drew]
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970): A Free Man's Worship, 1917 [At this Site]
An unflinching examintion of the human situation from an atheistic viewpoint.
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970): A Free Man's Worship, 1903 [At Drew]
Charles Peirce: The Fixation of Belief [At this Site]
Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (1864-1936): The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and in Peoples, 1913
Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (1864-1936): The Agony of Christianity, 1925.

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NOTES:

Dates of accession of material added since July 1998 can be seen in the New Additions page.. The date of inception was 9/22/1997.

Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. Locally available texts are marked by [At this Site].

WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview.

Since September 22, 1997, this site has been accessed times
[the counter is approximate since it only records graphical hits.]

The Internet Modern History Sourcebook is part of the
Internet History Sourcebooks Project.

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Site Design: Paul Halsall

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created 1997: last revised 5/22/1999

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