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The essence of human civilization points to the rule of democratically legislated laws designed to protect freedom, justice, and keep the peace. Due process of law arises from our common human dignity and constitutes a basic meaning of planetary civilization. This article shows that the histories of Israel and the USA are predicated on an anti-civilizational violence that is today manifest in globalized war that remains directed at the very foundations of human civilization. It concludes by showing that this world system can be redeemed to one of dignity and the rule of law by ratifying the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.
This article aims to present concrete proposals that contribute to the end of the barbarity in the conflict between the State of Israel and the Palestinian people and, also, the barbarity of wars in the world. The time has come for humanity to resolve not only the current international conflicts such as those between the State of Israel and Hamas, but also in the world, within the framework of Civilization. The construction of peace can only happen between the State of Israel and the Palestinians if the Jewish people in Israel and throughout the world, as well as the Palestinians, politically repel the extremists who exercise power in their territories and establish governments that seek conciliation between the Jewish and Palestinian peoples. We need to prevent the conflict between the State of Israel and the Palestinian people from becoming the epicenter of a regional war and also a new World War. For Civilization to prevail against Barbarism, a new international system must be built because the current system is incapable of ensuring world peace and mediating international conflicts to avoid the end of humanity with the outbreak of a new world war of devastating consequences. The need for a new international system composed of a world democratic Government, a world Parliament and a world Supreme Court to be built with the restructuring of the UN is increasingly evident. The new international system should work based on a Planetary Social Contract. To prepare the Planetary Social Contract, a Constituent World Assembly should be convened with the participation of representatives from all countries in the world elected for this purpose.
The first step to take in order to answer the core question of this essay is to define the key aspects of democracy, in order to assess their presence in Israeli polity and society. At a basic level, without engaging with further profound analysis of democratic practise, a democracy requires the exercise of inclusive and equal socio-political participation by the demos (population) in a defined territory which constitutes the state. Although the extent of such participation and the systems which regulate its functioning are thoroughly debated in political theory, this essay will rely on the broadest possible definition of democracy; in this sense, I aim to demonstrate that both historically and in the present Israel fails to observe some of those essential aspects presented above. Essentially, the aim of this essay is to prove that Israel's self-claim of being a democratic state surrounded by tyrants is questionable, and should be defied by whoever values democracy as a fundamental right.
International Journal on World Peace , 2000
Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 2005
Middle East Quarterly, 2024
The clash of civilizations predicted by Samuel Huntington assumed that "A West at the peak of its power confronts non-Wests that increasingly have the desire, the will and the resources to shape the world in non-Western ways." The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has accompanied the history of the Middle East for almost a century, but the 2023-2024 Gaza war is the first time that Israel has been attacked by non-state organizations operating in several arenas and from different states, on behalf of a regional power (Iran) that has set a clear goal of destroying Israel and murdering its inhabitants. This attack has the backing of superpowers such as Russia and China, who see themselves as representatives of the "Global South" of which Hamas, according to its statements, is a part. The purpose of this article is to clarify the regional and global motives of Iran and its proxy organizations in the war against Israel.
This is the first chapter from the critically acclaimed book From Coexistence to Conquest: International Law and the Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Pluto Press 2009). To order a copy visit: http://www.plutobooks.com/display.asp?K=9780745325781&
2013
Commonly law is seen as an alternative to violence, although it relies on violence or its threat for enforcement. Through a study of Israel's campaign to transform international humanitarian law (IHL) by systematically violating it, this essay considers the possibility that violence precedes and even creates law. Israel has a long history of ad hoc ''legal entrepreneurialism,'' but its current effort, launched during the second intifada, is institutionalized, persistent, and internally coherent. The essay reviews the specific legal innovations Israel has sought to establish, all of which expand the scope of ''legitimate'' violence and its targets, contrary to IHL's fundamental purposes of limiting violence and protecting non-combatants from it. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP between law and violence? Students of the role of law in society have pondered this question for decades. Prominent Yale legal scholar Robert Cover began a widely-read law review article a number of years ago with the striking introduction: ''Legal interpretation takes place in a field of pain and death.. .. Legal interpretive acts signal and occasion the imposition of violence upon others: A judge articulates her understanding of a text, and as a result, somebody loses his freedom, his property, his children, even his life.'' The article, entitled ''Violence and the Word,'' spurred renewed inquiry into the relationship between law, language, and violence, and underscored law's ultimate, though not always visible, reliance on force. 1 A later volume, inspired by Cover, was entitled ''Law's Violence,'' and expanded on this theme, considering the question of how violence done by and in the name of the law differs from illegal or extralegal violence-or, indeed, if they differ at all. 2 The relationship between law and violence has also figured prominently in anthropological definitions of law. According to E. Adamson Hoebel, an early and influential legal anthropologist, law was defined by the threat or GEORGE E. BISHARAT is a professor at UC Hastings College of the Law. The author would like to thank Rose Mishaan for her highly capable research assistance. Thanks are also due to Laura Nader, Mai Taha, and the Interdisciplinary Group at
2011
It is generally understood that that there is a direct correlation between civilized society and a propensity for cooperation and peace over confrontation and violent conflict, both in domestic affairs and in international relations. Under the influence of democratic and liberal theories of perpetual peace, this leads to the assumption that the spread of civilization around the globe will hasten the cause of international order and world peace. This article challenges that orthodoxy on the back of a misunderstanding about the nature of the relationship between civilization and war. Turning the generally accepted “civilization equals peace” equation on its head, this article demonstrates a dramatically different relationship between civilizing processes and war, or civilization and war.
ULUSLARARASI DORLİON AKADEMİK SOSYAL ARAŞTIRMALAR DERGİSİ (DASAD), 2024
The Israeli presence in the Palestinian territories has been characterized as colonial and occupying by numerous academic studies within a historical context. The Zionist movement established the state of Israel on a disputed piece of land by forcibly displacing the indigenous Palestinian population. Although there is no specific geographic region known as "Israel," a nation-state structure has been created under this name. One of the critical cornerstones of this process is the Balfour Declaration signed by the United Kingdom in 1917, which represented an international project to provide a homeland for the Jewish people. The Israeli-Palestinian issue is a matter that extends beyond military conflicts and territorial claims, possessing deep social, cultural, and psychological dynamics. This conflict reflects the established identities, cultures, and historical understandings between the two peoples. From a sociological perspective, it is a subject requiring in-depth analysis within the frameworks of historical trauma, collective memory, identity formation, and power dynamics. Since its establishment in 1948, Israel has been focused on reinforcing its national identity, addressing security concerns, and overcoming historical Jewish traumas. The occupation of Palestinian territories is seen as a means to ensure security and has garnered broad support within Israeli society. However, this approach profoundly affects the Palestinian concepts of defending their identity and national rights. Palestinians strive to consolidate their national identity by advocating for the right to establish an independent state on their historically and culturally significant land. Territorial claims have thus become not only a physical struggle but also a battle over identities. While Palestinians endeavor to maintain their presence in the occupied territories, Israel views this occupation as a means to protect national security and enjoys substantial societal backing. Both sides advocate for their own legitimacy, which significantly impedes mutual understanding and reconciliation. The lack of trust remains a major obstacle in the resolution process, with both sides harboring deep mistrust that complicates the peace process. Historical traumas and suspicions exacerbate the difficulties in achieving the dialogue and cooperation necessary for peace. The role of the international community is crucial in resolving this complex issue. However, the power dynamics among international actors and the quest for international support by the parties involved have further complicated the situation. Regional actors also influence the complexity of the issue; for instance, some Arab countries have utilized the Palestinian cause to serve their national interests, which has negatively impacted the Palestinian struggle for independence. Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is not only a political issue but also one that awaits resolution of deep social and psychological dynamics. Understanding each other, acknowledging historical traumas, and reconsidering collective identity perceptions are essential steps for achieving lasting peace. The active and constructive role of the international community and the contributions of regional actors are crucial for achieving reconciliation, not only on the ground but also in hearts and minds. This study aims to examine Israel’s illegal occupation of Palestinian territories and the blockade of Gaza since 2006. It will particularly focus on the background of the human rights violations wave that began on October 7, 2023. Claims that over 1,400 civilians were killed as a result of attacks by Palestinian resistance groups have been used to justify a broad state terror campaign. During the attacks, civilian infrastructure, health centers, places of worship, schools, refugee camps, and ambulance convoys were targeted. As of May 28, 2024, nearly 40,000 deaths have occurred, with a significant proportion of women and children among the casualties. This study seeks to leverage the multifaceted perspectives offered by sociology of religion, history of religions, and other related disciplines to provide an in-depth analysis of Israel’s occupation policies and the historical dynamics in the region. This interdisciplinary approach aims to elucidate the social and cultural contexts of the issue through a comprehensive literature review and media analysis. The findings will detail the background of the human rights violations wave that began on October 7, 2023, and the impact of Israel’s disproportionate responses to Palestinian resistance attacks on civilian casualties, with particular emphasis on the significant number of deaths and the high proportion of women and children among them.
Comprendre les savoir-faire métallurgiques antiques et médiévaux. L'expérimentation archéologique et archéométrique sur la plate-forme expérimentale de Melle, 2012
Taufik Yudhistira, 2024
Science and culture, 2023
Dispositiva, 2016
Revista de Educación, 2011
El Jughrafiyah, 2022
Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 2000
Applied Mathematics, 2013
Tribunais de Contas em Ação: Estudos de Jurisprudência em Matéria de Licitações e Contratos Públicos, 2021
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2016
Physical Review Letters, 2011
Journal of mathematical & computer applications, 2023
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 2021