NAME: CHRISTOPHER MELCHERT ADDRESS: 5480 Elm Street Lowville, New York 13367-1608 christopher.melchert@pmb.ox.ac.uk EDUCATION: University of Pennsylvania, 1984-92. Ph.D. in History, May 1992. Princeton University, 1981-3. A.M. in History, December 1983. University of California at Berkeley, 10-week intensive courses in Arabic, Persian, summers 1976, 1978, 1982. Center for Arabic Study Abroad, American University in Cairo, 1979-80. American University in Cairo, 1978-9. University of California at Santa Cruz, 1973-7. A.B. in History, December 1977. HONOURS AND AWARDS: Marie Curie Fellowship, ‘Poverty in the Qur’ān: Medieval Islamic interpretations and uses’, with Dr Alena Kulinich, Seoul National University, 2021-3. John G. Medlin, Jr., Senior Fellowship, ‘The early history of Islamic asceticism’, National Humanities Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 2014-15. Branigin Lecture, ‘Agreeing to disagree (or not): the shaping of Islam in the early Middle Ages’, presented at the Institute for Advanced Study, Indiana University, February 2011. Marie Curie Fellowship, ‘Regional patterns in early Islamic law and piety’, with Dr Mathieu Tillier, University of Aix-Marseille, 2008-10. Arts & Humanities Research Council, Research Leave Extension Grant, Michaelmas Term 2008. Institute for Advanced Study, School of Historical Studies, fellowship, 19992000. Social Science Research Council fellowship, Syria, 1998-9. Charlotte Newcombe graduate dissertation fellowship, 1990-1. Fulbright country fellowship, Turkey, 1989-90, extended to 1990-1. William Penn fellowship, U. Penn., 1984-5, 1986-8. CASA fellowship, 1979-80. Highest Honors, Department of History, UC Santa Cruz, 1977. Honors, Stevenson College, UC Santa Cruz, 1977. TEACHING EXPERIENCE: University Lecturer in Arabic and Islam (renamed Professor of Arabic & Islamic Studies, 2014), University of Oxford, and Fellow of Pembroke College, 2000-23. Courses on Qur’an, hadith, page 2 Islamic law, Islamic religion, history, Sufism. Graduate supervision at master’s, doctoral levels. Assistant Professor, Department of Religious Studies, Southwest Missouri State University, 1993-5. Courses on religion (introductory), world religions, Islam. Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of History, Wake Forest University, 1992-3. Courses on Middle East, world history. Teaching Assistant, Department of History, University of Pennsylvania, 1985-6 (England, world), 1988-9 (world), plus additional volunteer teaching in Byzantine, world courses. PUBLICATIONS: BOOKS ‘Al-Muḫtaṣar of al-Ḫiraqī (d. 334/945-946). Introduction and translation’. MIDÉO (Mélanges de l’Institut dominicain d’études orientales), no 38 (2023), 107-268. Modern hadith studies: continuing debates and new approaches. Edited by Belal Abu-Alabbas, Michael Dann, and Christopher Melchert. Edinburgh: University Press, 2020. Paperback edition 2022. Before Sufism: early Islamic renunciant piety. Islam - thought, culture, and society 4. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2020. Paperback edition 2022. Sünnî düşüncenin teşekkülü: din—yorum—dindarlık. Edited and translated by Ali Hakan Çavuşoğlu. Islâm medeniyeti araştırmaları 25. Istanbul: Klasik, 2018. Reprints 11 articles (marked by daggers below). Hadith, piety and law: selected studies. Resources in Arabic and Islamic studies 3. Atlanta: Lockwood Press, 2015. Reprints 16 articles (marked by asterisks below). Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Makers of the Muslim world. Oxford: Oneworld, 2006. The formation of the Sunni schools of law, ninth-tenth centuries C.E. Studies in Islamic law and society 4. Leiden: Brill, 1997. Reprinted 2006. Translated by Muḥammad Khaḍir as Tashakkul madhāhib alfiqh al-sunnīyah fī al-qarnayn al-tāsiʿ wa-al-ʿāshir al-mīlādīyayn. Tarjamāt 45. Beirut: Namāʾ, 2021. Based on ‘The formation of the Sunni schools of law, ninth-tenth centuries C.E.’ Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1992. PUBLICATIONS: ARTICLES IN REFEREED JOURNALS ‘The variant readings in Islamic law’, Journal of the International Qur’anic Studies Association 7 (2022): 7-25. ‘Sufis, renunciants, and worshippers in Tārīkh Baghdād’, Journal of Sufi studies 13 (2024): 1-16. ‘Renunciants in Africa under the Aghlabids’, The Maghreb review 47 (2022): 292-314. ‘Sufyān al-Thawrī and the Kufans’, Journal of Abbasid studies 9 (2022): 183209. page 3 ‘Al-Shāfiʿī against the Kufan school’, Islamic law and society 29 (2022): 34-57. ‘Kitāb al-Ḥujjah ʿalá ahl al-Madīnah and the transition from regional schools to personal’, Studia Islamica, no 117 (2022), 64-87. ‘Counting shaykhs in hadith collections’, al-Karmil 40-1 (2019-20): 93-119. ‘The Inquisition outside Baghdad’, Journal of the American Oriental Society 141 (2021): 201-10. ‘Ibrāhīm al-Naḫaʿī (Kufan, d. 96/714)’, Arabica 67 (2020): 60-81. ‘The Musnad of al-Shāfiʿī’, Studia Islamica, no 114 (2019), 249-64. ‘The controversy over reciting the Qurʾān with tones (al-qirāʾah bi’l-alḥān)’, Journal of the International Qur’anic Studies Association 4 (2019): 85-109. ‘Al-Shaybānī and contemporary renunciant piety’, Journal of Abbasid studies 6 (2019): 52-85. ‘Before ṣūfiyyāt: female Muslim renunciants in the 8th and 9th centuries CE’, Journal of Sufi studies 5 (2016): 115-39. ‘Bukhārī’s kitāb tafsīr al-Qur’ān’, Journal of the International Qur’anic Studies Association 1 (2016): 149-72. ‘The early controversy over whether the Prophet saw God’, Arabica 62 (2015): 459-76. ‘The early Ḥanafiyya and Kufa’, Journal of Abbasid studies 1 (2014): 23-45. ‘The destruction of books by traditionists’, Al-Qanṭara 35 (2014): 213-31. ‘The life and works of al-Nasāʾī’, Journal of Semitic studies 59 (2014): 377407.* ‘Whether to keep unbelievers out of sacred zones: a survey of medieval Islamic law’, Jerusalem studies in Arabic and Islam, no 40 (2013), 177-94. ‘Exaggerated fear in the early Islamic renunciant tradition’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, ser. 3, 21 (2011): 283-300.* ‘Abū Isḥāq al-Šīrāzī and Ibn al-Ṣabbāġ and the advantages of teaching at a madrasa’, Annales Islamologiques, no 45 (2011), 141-66. ‘“God created Adam in his image”’, Journal of Qur’anic studies 13/1 (2011): 113-24. ‘Bukhārī and his Ṣaḥīḥ’, Le Muséon 123 (2010): 425-54.* ‘The relation of the Ten Readings to one another’, Journal of Qur’anic studies 10/2 (2008): 73-87. ‘Khargūshī, Tahdhīb al-asrār’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 73 (2010): 29-44. ‘Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal’s book of renunciation’, Der Islam 85 (2011): 345-59. ‘The life and works of Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī’, Al-Qanṭara 29 (2008): 9-44. Reprinted in The Ḥadīth, edited by Mustafa Shah, Critical concepts in Islamic studies, 4 vols (London: Routledge, 2010). ‘When not to recite the Qur’an’, Journal of Qur’anic studies 11/1 (2009): 14151. ‘Baṣran origins of classical Sufism’, Der Islam 82 (2005): 221-40.*† ‘The Musnad of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal: how it was composed and what distinguishes it from the Six Books’, Der Islam 82 (2005): 32-51.* Reprinted in The Ḥadīth, edited by Mustafa Shah. ‘Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal and the Qur’an’, Journal of Qur’anic studies 6/2 (2004): page 4 22-34. Reprinted in Islamic law, edited by Gavin Picken, Critical concepts in Islamic studies, 4 vols (London: Routledge, 2011). ‘The Ḥanbali law of ğihâd’, The Maghreb review 29 (2004): 22-32. ‘Early renunciants as ḥadīth transmitters’, The Muslim world 92 (2002): 40718.*† ‘The piety of the hadith folk’, International journal of Middle East studies 34 (2002): 425-39.*† Reprinted in The Ḥadīth, edited by Mustafa Shah. ‘Traditionist-jurisprudents and the framing of Islamic law’, Islamic law and society 8 (2001): 383-406.*† Reprinted in Islam, edited by Mona Siddiqui (London: SAGE, 2011), and Islamic law, edited by Gavin Picken. ‘Sufis and competing movements in Nishapur, 9th-10th centuries C.E.’, Iran 39 (2001): 237-47.† ‘The Ḥanābila and the early Sufis’, Arabica 48 (2001): 352-67.† ‘The concluding salutation in Islamic ritual prayer’, Le Muséon 114 (2001): 389-406. ‘Bukhārī and early hadith criticism’, Journal of the American Oriental Society 121 (2001): 7-19.* Reprinted in The Ḥadīth, edited by Mustafa Shah. ‘Ibn Mujāhid and the establishment of seven qur’anic readings’, Studia Islamica, no 91 (2000), 5-22.† Persian translation by Ilāhah Shāhpasand in Muṭāliʿāt-i qirāʾat-i Qurʾān 6/10 (2018): 103-36. ‘How Ḥanafism came to originate in Kufa and traditionalism in Medina’, Islamic law and society 6 (1999): 318-47.*† Reprinted in Islamic law, edited by Gavin Picken. ‘The adversaries of Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal’, Arabica 44 (1997): 234-53.*† Arabic translation by Muḥammad Khaḍir, ‘Khuṣūm Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal’, in Dawrīyat namāʾ li-ʿulūm al-waḥy wa-al-dirāsāt alislāmīyah 8-9 (2020): 219-38. ‘The transition from asceticism to mysticism at the middle of the ninth century C.E.’, Studia Islamica 83 (1996): 51-70.*† Reprinted in Sufism 1: origins and development, edited by Lloyd Ridgeon, Critical concepts in Islamic studies (London: Routledge, 2008). ‘Religious policies of the caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir’, Islamic law and society 3 (1996): 316-42.† Reprinted in The caliphate and Islamic statehood 2: challenges and fragmentation, edited by Carool Karsten, Critical surveys in Islamic studies, 3 vols (Berlin: Gerlach, 2015), 6-27. ‘Sectaries in the Six Books: evidence for their exclusion from the Sunni community’, Muslim world 82 (1992): 287-95. Reprinted in Orthodoxy and heresy in Islam, edited by Maribel Fierro, Critical concepts in Islamic studies, 4 vols (London: Routledge, 2014), 2:137-44. PUBLICATIONS: ARTICLES IN EDITED COLLECTIONS page 5 ‘“Let me not find one of you reclining on his couch (arīka)”: the Prophet speaks up for his authority’, forthcoming in proceedings of the 30th Congress of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Utrecht, July 2022, edited by Christian Lange, &al., 14150. ‘Al-Sulamī, traditionist’, forthcoming in a collection of essays from the colloquium L’héritage de Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī à l’occasion du millénaire de sa mort, edited by Jean-Jacques Thibon. ‘Wakeful Muslim renunciants’, forthcoming in The wakeful night, edited by Dawn LaValle Norman. ‘Mālik and early renunciant piety’. Pages 131-42 in Conflict and coexistence. Proceedings of the 29th Congress of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Münster 2018. Edited by Monika Springberg and Thomas Bauer. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 312. Leuven: Peeters, 2022. ‘The theory and practice of hadith criticism in the mid-ninth century’. Pages 74102 in Islam at 250: studies in memory of G.H.A. Juynboll. Edited by Petra M. Sijpesteijn and Camilla Adang. Leiden studies in Islam and society 10. Leiden: Brill, 2020. ‘Ibn al-Mubārak, traditionist’. Pages 49-69 in Modern hadith studies. Edited by Belal Alabbas, Michael Dann, and Christopher Melchert. Edinburgh: University Press, 2020. ‘The rightly-guided caliphs: the range of views preserved in ḥadīth’. Pages 6379 in Political quietism in Islam: Sunni and Shi‘i practice and thought. Edited by Saud Al-Sarhan. London: I. B. Tauris, 2020. ‘Who’s in, who’s out? Right belief and good behaviour in the definition of a Muslim’. Pages 13-23 in Re-defining a space of encounter. Islam and Mediterranean: identity, alterity and interactions. Proceedings of the 28th Congress of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisant Palermo 2016. Edited by Antonino Pellitteri, Maria Grazia Sciortino, Daniele Sicari, and Nesma Elsakaan. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 283. Leuven: Peeters, 2019. ‘Law’. Pages 205-21 in The Wiley Blackwell concise companion to the hadith. Edited by Daniel W. Brown. The Wiley Blackwell companions to religion. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2020. ‘Transfer of knowledge and women in the early Islamic tradition’, forthcoming in a collection of essays edited by Almut-Barbara Renger, &al. ‘Form, function and early history of qur’anic commentary as a literary genre’, forthcoming in a collection of essays edited by Hagit Amirav. ‘Māwardī’s legal thinking’, Al-ʿUṣūr al-wusṭā: The Bulletin of Middle East Medievalists 23 (2015): 68-86, at http://islamichistorycommons.org/mem/al-usur-al-wusta (accessed 21 November 2015). ‘Why non-Muslim subjects are to pay the jizya’. Pages 347-56 in Contacts and interaction. Proceedings of the 27th congress of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants Helsinki 2014. Edited by Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, Petteri Koskikallio, and page 6 Ilkka Lindstedt. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 254. Leuven: Peeters, 2017. ‘Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī and traditional hadith criticism’. Pages 3351 in Reclaiming Islamic tradition: modern interpretations of the classical heritage. Edited by Elisabeth Kendall and Ahmad Khan. Edinburgh: University Press, 2016. Reprinted 2018. ‘Apocalypticism in Sunni hadith’. Pages 267-89 in Apocalypticism and eschatology in Late Antiquity: encounters in the Abrahamic religions, 6th-8th centuries. Edited by Hagit Amirav, Emmanouela Grypeou, and Guy Stroumsa. Late antique history and religion 17. Leuven: Peeters, 2017. ‘The spread of Ḥanafism to Khurasan and Transoxania’. Pages 13-30 in Medieval Central Asia and the Persianate world. Edited by A. C. S. Peacock and D. G. Tor. I. B. Tauris and BIPS Persian studies series 7. London: I. B. Tauris, 2015. ‘The transmission of hadith: changes in the ninth and tenth centuries C.E.’ Pages 229-46 in Arabic and Islamic studies in Europe and beyond. Proceedings of the 26th congress of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Basel 2012. Edited by Maurus Reinkowski and Monika Winet with Sevinç Yasar Gil. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 248. Leuven: Peeters, 2016. ‘Basra and Kufa as the earliest centers of Islamic legal controversy’. Pages 17394 in Islamic cultures, Islamic contexts: essays in honor of Professor Patricia Crone. Edited by Behnam Sadeghi, Asad Q. Ahmed, Adam Silverstein, and Robert G. Hoyland. Islamic history and civilization, studies and texts, 114. Leiden: Brill, 2015. ‘Abū Nuʿaym’s sources for Ḥilyat al-awliyā’, Sufi and traditionist’. Pages 14560 in Les maîtres soufis et leurs disciples. IIIe-Ve siècles de l’hégire (IXe-XIe s.). Enseignement, formation et transmission. Edited by Geneviève Gobillot and Jean-Jacques Thibon. Études arabes, médiévales et modernes (PIFD 273). Beirut: Presses de l’IFPO, 2012. ‘Locating hell in early renunciant literature’. Pp. 103-23 in Locating Hell in Islamic traditions. Edited by Christian Lange. Islamic history and civilization, studies and texts, 119. Leiden: Brill, 2016. ‘Ibn al-Mubārak’s Kitāb al-Jihād and early renunciant literature’. Pages 49-69 in Violence in Islamic thought from the Qur’ān to the Mongols. Edited by Robert Gleave and István Kristó-Nagy. Legitimate and illegitimate violence in Islamic thought 1. Edinburgh: University Press, 2015. ‘Three qur’anic terms (siyāḥa, ḥikma and ṣiddīq) of special interest to the early renunciants’. Pages 89-116 in The meaning of the word: lexicography and qur’anic exegesis. Edited by S. R. Burge. Qur’anic studies series. London: Oxford University Press, 2015. ‘Quotations of extra-qur’anic scripture in early renunciant literature’. Pages 97107 in Islam and globalisation: historical and contemporary perspectives. Proceedings of the 25th congress of l’Union Euro- page 7 péenne des Arabisants et Islamisants. Edited by Agostino Cilardo. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 226. Leuven: Peeters and Departement Oosterse Studies, 2013. ‘The Islamic literature on encounters between Muslim renunciants and Christian monks’. Pages 135-42 in Medieval Arabic thought: essays in honour of Fritz Zimmermann. Edited by Rotraud Hansberger, M. Afifi al-Akiti, and Charles Burnett. Warburg Institute studies and texts 4. London: Warburg Institute, 2012. ‘Renunciation (zuhd) in the early Shiʿi tradition’. Pages 271-94 in The study of Shiʿi Islam: history, theology and law. Edited by Farhad Daftary and Gurdofarid Miskinzoda. The Institute of Ismaili Studies Shiʿi heritage series 2. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014.* ‘Public baths in Islamic law’. Pages 1001-10 in 25 siècles de bain collectif en Orient: Proche-Orient, Égypte et péninsule Arabique. Actes du 3e colloque international Balnéorient, organisé par l’Institut français du Proche-Orient et la Direction Générale des Antiquités et des Musées de Syrie (Damas-Syrie/2-6. nov. 2009). Edited by Marie-Françoise Boussec, Sylvie Denoix, Thibaud Fournet, and Bérangère Redon. Études urbaines 9 and PIFD 282. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2014. ‘Quantitative approaches to early Islamic piety’. Pages 91-100 in Sources and approaches across disciplines in Near Eastern studies. Proceedings of the 24th congress, Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Leipzig 2008. Edited by Verena Klemm and Nuha Al-Shaʿar with L. Behzadi, S. Brinkmann, S. Günther and M. Jagonak. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 215. Leuven: Peeters and Departement Oosterse Studies, 2013. ‘Māwardī, Abū Yaʿlá, and the Sunni revival’. Pp. 37-61 in Prosperity and stagnation: some cultural and social aspects of the Abbasid period (750-1258). Edited by Krzystof Kościelniak. Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia, monographiae 1. Cracow: UNUM, 2010. ‘The relation of Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya to the Ḥanbali school of law’. Pp. 146-61 in Islamic theology, philosophy and law: debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Edited by Birgit Krawietz and Georges Tamer with Alina Kokoschka. Studien zur Geschichte des islamischen Orients n.F. 27. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013.* ‘The history of the judicial oath in Islamic law’. Pages 309-26 in Oralité et lien social au Moyen Âge (Occident, Byzance, Islam): parole donnée, foi jurée, serment. Edited by Marie-France Auzépy and Guillaume Saint-Guillain. Centre de recherche d’histoire et civilization de Byzance Monographies 29. Paris: ACHCByz, 2008. ‘Centre and periphery in the transmission of hadith, 8th-9th centuries C.E.’ Pages 53-60 in Centre and periphery within the borders of Islam: proceedings of the 23rd congress of l’Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants. Edited by Giuseppe Contu. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 207. Leuven: Peeters, 2012. page 8 ‘Whether to keep women out of the mosque: a survey of medieval Islamic law’. Pages 59-69 in Authority, privacy and public order in Islam: proceedings of the 22nd congress of l’Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants. Edited by B. Michalak-Pikulska and A. Pikulski. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 148. Leuven: Peeters, 2006. ‘The meaning of qāla ’l-Shāfiʿī in ninth century sources’. Pages 277-301 in ʿAbbasid studies: Occasional papers of the School of ʿAbbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6-10 July 2002. Edited by James E. Montgomery. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 135. Leuven: Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2004.* ‘The etiquette of learning in the early Islamic study circle’. Pages 33-44 in Law and education in medieval Islam: studies in memory of Professor George Makdisi. Edited by Joseph E. Lowry, Devin J. Stewart, and Shawkat M. Toorawa. (Warminster): E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Trust, 2004. Reprinted in Education and learning in the early Islamic world, edited by Claude Gilliot, The formation of the classical Islamic world 43 (Farnham: Ashgate, 2012). ‘The early history of Islamic law’. Pages 293-324 in Method and theory in the study of Islamic origins. Edited by Herbert Berg. Islamic history and civilization, studies and texts, 49. Leiden: Brill, 2003. ‘Qur’anic abrogation across the ninth century’. Pages 75-98 in Studies in Islamic legal theory. Edited by Bernard Weiss. Islamic law and society 15. Leiden: Brill, 2002. ‘The Imāmīs between rationalism and traditionalism’. Pages 273-83 in Shīʿite heritage: essays on classical and modern traditions. Edited by L. Clarke. Binghamton, N.Y.: Global Publications, 2001. PUBLICATIONS: ARTICLES IN REFERENCE WORKS ‘Classical and medieval biographies: the asmāʾ al-rijāl, ʿilal al-ḥadīth, and related genres in Sunni scholarship’ (9,500 words), forthcoming in The Oxford handbook of hadith studies, edited by Mustafa Shah. ‘The formation of Sunnī and Shīʿī traditionalism’. Pages 598-628 in Baghdād: from its beginnings to the 14th century. Edited by Jens Scheiner and Isabel Toral. Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 1, The Near and Middle East, 166. Leiden: Brill, 2022. ‘Origins and early Sufism’ (8,500 words). Pages 3-23 in The Cambridge companion to Sufism. Edited by Lloyd Ridgeon. Cambridge companions to religion. Cambridge: University Press, 2015. The Princeton encyclopedia of Islamic political thought, s.v. ‘Ahmad b. Hanbal (780-855)’ (1,000 words). I. B. Tauris biographical dictionary of Islamic civilization, s.vv. ‘ʿAlī ibn al-Madīnī’ (450 words), ‘Ibn Abī Shayba’ (600 words), ‘al-Khaṭṭābī’ (600 words), ‘al-Nasāʾī’ (600 words), and ‘Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn’ (700 words). page 9 ‘Marʿī ibn Yūsuf’ (4,800 words). Pages 284-94 in Essays in Arabic literary biography, 1350-1850. Edited by Joseph E. Lowry and Devin J. Stewart. Mîzân: Studien zur Literatur in der islamischen Welt 17, Essays in Arabic literary biography 2. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2009. The encyclopedia of ancient history, s.vv. ‘Caliphs, rightly-guided’ (1,000 words) and ‘Hadith’ (1,000 words). The Oxford encyclopedia of the Islamic world, s.v. ‘Muezzin’ (750 words). Encyclopaedia of legal history (Oxford University Press), s.vv. ‘Ibn Ḥanbal’ (750 words), ‘Khallāl, al-’ (350 words), and ‘Khiraqī, al-’ (300 words). The encyclopaedia of Islam, third edn, s.vv. ‘Abū l-Dardāʾ’ (450 words), ‘Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī’ (1,000 words), ‘Asceticism’ (5,000 words), ‘al-Barbahārī’ (800 words), ‘al-Bukhārī’ (2,000 words), ‘Dāwūd b. Khalaf’ (800 words), ‘Farqad al-Sabakhī’ (300 words), ‘al-Fasawī’ (500 words), ‘Ibn Abī Khaythama’ (400 words), ‘Ibn Māja’ (500 words), ‘Ibn Abī l-Zinād’ (300 words), ‘Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ’ (500 words), ‘al-Faḍl b. Dukayn’ (500 words), ‘al-Khallāl’ (500 words; with Saud Al-Sarhan), ‘alNakhaʿī’ (750 words), and ‘Salama b. Dīnār’ (500 words). Medieval Islamic civilization: an encyclopedia, s.vv. ‘Ascetics and asceticism’ (750 words), ‘Hadith’ (550 words), ‘Ibn Hanbal’ (500 words), ‘Mawardi, al-’ (500 words), and ‘Names’ (250 words). Updated versions in the Routledge medieval encyclopedia online (2017). ‘Hasan al-Basri, al-’ (5,000 words). Pages 121-7 in Dictionary of literary biography 311: Arabic literary culture, 500-925. Edited by Michael Cooperson and Shawkat M. Toorawa. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2005. The encyclopaedia of the Qur’ān, s.vv. ‘Readers’ (3,600 words), with Asma Afsaruddin (slightly revised version reprinted in The encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān Supplement 2016), and ‘Maintenance and upkeep’ (300 words). Encyclopaedia Iranica, s.vv. ‘Education’, section on ‘The medieval madrasa’ (2,000 words), and ‘Ḥasan Baṣri’ (1,200 words). Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 4th edn., s.v. ‘Mosque (religious/historical aspects)’ (900 words). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world, s.vv. ‘Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, al-’ (250 words), ‘Shafiʿi, al-’ (1,000 words), and ‘Tabari, al-’ (250 words). Dictionary of the Middle Ages (New York: Random House, 1988), s.v. ‘Saffah, al-’. PUBLICATIONS: BOOK REVIEWS Review of Harry S. Neale, Sufi Warrior Saints, Journal of Islamic studies 35/1 (2024): 101-3. Review of Sean William Anthony, Muhammad and the empires of faith, Journal of Near Eastern studies 81 (2022): 224-5. page 10 Review of Ziad Bou Akl, Une doxographie Sunnite du IVe/Xe siècle. ›Kitāb alMaqālāt‹ d’Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Qalānisī, Bulletin critique des Annales islamologiques, no 36 (2022), 168-9. Review of Hiroyuki Yanagihashi, Studies in legal hadith, Journal of Islamic studies 32 (2021): 385-8. Review of S. Z. Chowdhury, Ṣūfī apologist of Nīshāpūr: the life and thought of Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, Journal of Islamic studies 32 (2021): 257-9. Review of Lena Salaymeh, The beginnings of Islamic law, Al-ʿUsur al-wusta 26 (2018): 237-9. Review of Mathieu Tillier, L’invention du cadi, in Bulletin critique des Annales islamologiques, no 32 (2018), 42-3. Review of Mathieu Tillier, ed., Le pluralisme judiciaire dans l’Islam prémoderne, in Bulletin critique des Annales Islamologiques, no 31 (2016), 33-4. Review of Niall Christie, The book of the jihad of ʿAli ibn Tahir al-Sulami, Journal of Islamic studies 28 (2017): 228-30. Review of Asma Afsaruddin, Striving in the path of God, Review of Middle East studies 49/2 (2015): 175-8. Review of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Maḥjūbī, Al-Muṣṭalaḥ al-ḥadīthī min khilāl Kitāb al-Jarḥ wa-al-taʿdīl li-Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī, Al-ʿUṣūr al-wusṭā 23 (2015): 141-2, at http://islamichistorycommons.org/mem/alusur-al-wusta (accessed 21 November 2015). Review of Anver M. Emon, Islamic natural law theories, Journal of Islamic studies 26 (2015): 202-3. Review of Écriture de l’histoire et processus de canonisation dans les premiers siècles de l’islam, edited by Antoine Borrut, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 25 (2015): 507-8. Review of ʿAbd al-Jawād Ḥamām, al-Tafarrud fī riwāyat al-ḥadīth, Al-ʿUsur al-wusta 22/1-2 (2010 [2014]). Review of Behnam Sadeghi, The logic of law making in Islam: women and prayer in the legal tradition, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 77 (2014): 216-17. Review of Virtues of the Imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal by Ibn Al-Jawzī, edited and translated by Michael Cooperson, Journal of Islamic studies 25 (2014): 354-5. Review of The Islamic scholarly tradition. Studies in history, law, and thought in honor of Professor Michael Allan Cook, edited by Asad Q. Ahmed, &al., Journal of Islamic studies 25 (2014): 216-20. Review of Sufism, Black and white: a critical edition of Kitāb al-Bayāḍ wa-l-Sawād by Abū l-Ḥasan al-Sīrjānī (d. ca. 470/1077), edited by Bilal Orfali and Nada Saab, Journal of Islamic studies 24 (2013): 204-6. Review of Asad Q. Ahmed, The religious elite of the early Islamic Ḥijāz, International journal of Middle East studies 45 (2013): 171-3. Review of Christoph Pitschke, Skrupulöse Frömmigkeit im frühen Islam, Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 107 (2012): 400-2. Review of Étienne de La Vaissière, Samarcande et Samarra, Der Islam 89 page 11 (2012): 254-6. Reviews of Asmāʾ Ibrāhīm Saʿūd ʿAjīn, Manhaj al-ḥāfiẓ ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Ṣanʿānī, Muṣṭafá Muḥammad Ḥamīdātū, Madrasat al-ḥadīth fī al-Andalus, Bashīr ʿAlī ʿUmar, Manhaj al-imām Aḥmad fī iʿlāl al-ḥadīth, Abū Bakr Laṭīf Kāfī, Manhaj al-imām Aḥmad fī al-taʿlīl, and Giuseppe Scattolin and Aḥmad Ḥasan Anwar, al-Abʿād al-ṣūfīyah ʿinda ʿAbd al-Malik al-Kharkūshī, Al-ʿUsur al-wusta 21 (April 2009). Review of Wael B. Hallaq, Sharīʿa, Journal of Near Eastern studies 71 (2012): 408-9. Review of Harald Motzki, &al., Analysing Muslim traditions: studies in legal, exegetical and maghāzī ḥadīth, Journal of Semitic studies 57 (2012): 436-8. Review of Mohyddin Yahia, Šāfiʿī et les deux sources de la loi islamique, Islamic law and society 19 (2012): 312-15. Review of Norman Calder, Islamic jurisprudence in the classical era, Journal of Islamic studies 23 (2012): 226-9. Review of David Cook, Martyrdom in Islam, Journal of the economic and social history of the Orient 52 (2009): 343-4. Review of Ahmet T. Karamustafa, Sufism: The formative period, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 72 (2009): 173-5. Review of Leor Halevi, Muhammad’s grave, Speculum 83 (2008): 999. Review of Rudolph Peters, Crime and punishment in Islamic law, Law and history review 26 (2008): 188-190. Review of Jāsim Ḥālūb Surayd al-ʿIzzāwī, al-Imām ʿAbd Allāh ibn Wahb, Al-ʿUsur al-wusta 20/1 (April 2008). Review of G. H. A. Juynboll, Encyclopedia of Canonical Ḥadīth, Islamic law and society 15 (2008): 408-11. Review of Peri Bearman, &al., ed., The Islamic School of Law, Journal of the American Oriental Society 127 (2007): 545-7. Review of Jonathan Brown, The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3rd ser., 18 (2008): 526-8. Review of Brannon Wheeler, Mecca and Eden, Journal of Semitic studies 53 (2008): 366-7. Review of Nurit Tsafrir, The history of an Islamic school of law, Journal of Near Eastern studies 67 (2008): 228-30. Review of Yasin Dutton, Original Islam, Journal of Semitic studies 53 (2008): 194-6. Review of Recep Senturk, Narrative social structure, Journal of Islamic studies 19/1 (2008): 115-17. Review of Paul R. Powers, Intent in Islamic law, Islamic law and society 14 (2007): 425-7. Reviews of Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Bātilī, al-Imām al-Khaṭṭābī wa-āthāruhu al-ḥadīthīyah, and ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad al-Ḥabashī, Jāmiʿ al-shurūḥ wa-al-ḥawāshī, Al-ʿUsur al-wusta 19/1 (April 2007). Review of Scott C. Lucas, Constructive critics, ḥadīth literature, and the articulation of Sunnī Islam, Islamic law and society 13 (2006): 41013. page 12 Review of Peter C. Hennigan, The birth of a legal institution, Islamic law and society 13 (2006): 275-6. Reviews of Mawil Izzi Dien, Islamic Law and Fuʾad Jabali, The companions of the Prophet, Islam and Christian-Muslim relations 17 (2006): 120-2. Reviews of Wael B. Hallaq, The origins and evolution of Islamic law and Mawil Izzi Dien, Islamic law, The Times literary supplement, December 9, 2005. Review of Jonathan P. Berkey, The formation of Islam, Journal of the American Oriental Society 124 (2004): 401-2. Reviews of ʿUmar Īmān Abū Bakr, al-Imām al-Nasāʾī wa-kitābuhu al-Mujtabá and ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad Abū al-Ḥasan and ʿUmar ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī al-Aḥmad, al-Multaqaṭ fī dafʿ mā dhukira ʿan al-imām Aḥmad, Al-Usur al-wusta 17/1 (April 2005). Review of Michael Cook, Commanding right and forbidding wrong in Islamic thought, Journal of Semitic studies 50 (2005): 230-2. Review of Safar ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥawālī, Ẓāhirat al-irjāʾ fī al-fikr al-islāmī, Al-Usur al-wusta 16/1 (April 2004). Review of Mathieu Tillier, Vies des cadis de Miṣr 237/851–366/976, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 67 (2004): 449. Review of Harald Motzki, The origins of Islamic jurisprudence, Islamic law and society 11 (2004): 404-8. Review of Florian Sobieroj, Ibn Ḫafīf aš-Šīrāzī und seine Schrift zur Novizenerziehung, Journal of the American Oriental Society 123 (2003): 447-9. Review of Mercedes García-Arenal, ed., Mahdisme et millénarisme en Islam, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 66 (2003): 92-3. Review of Eerik Dickinson, The development of early Sunnite ḥadīth criticism, Islamic law and society 10 (2003): 249-51. Review of Jonathan Bloom and Sheila Blair, Islam: a thousand years of faith and Power, on H-MIDEAST-MEDIEVAL@HNET.MSU.EDU (Middle East Medievalists listserv), 2 November 2002. Reviews of Laṭīfah al-Bakkāy, Ḥarakat al-khawārij, and Ibrāhīm ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Ḥandūd, Iḥtijājāt Abī al-Fatḥ ibn Jinnī, in Al-Usur al-wusta 14/2 (October 2002). Review of Patricia Crone and Fritz Zimmermann, The epistle of Sālim ibn Dhakwān, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 65 (2002): 578-9. Review of Daniel A. Madigan, The Qurʾân’s self-image, MESA bulletin 36 (2002): 51-2. Review of Jonathan E. Brockopp, Early Mālikī law, Islamic law and society 9 (2002): 271-4. Review of Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Kanʿān, Fiqh al-ḥadīth ʿinda aʾimmat al-salaf bi-riwāyat al-imām al-Tirmidhī, Al-Usur al-wusta 14/1 (April 2002). Review of Mohammad Moslem Adel Saflo, al-Juwaynī’s thought and method- page 13 ology, Der Islam 79 (2002): 169-70. Review of Denise Aigle, ed., Miracle et karāma, Journal of the American Oriental Society 122 (2002): 633-5. Review of Eric Chaumont, ed. & trans., Kitāb al-Lumaʿ by Abū Isḥāq al-Shīrāzī, Islamic law and society 9 (2002): 116-19. Review of Wael B. Hallaq, A history of Islamic legal theories, Journal of Near Eastern studies 62 (2003): 220-2. Review of Yasin Dutton, The origins of Islamic law, Journal of the American Oriental Society 121 (2001): 713-15. Review of Ibn Warraq, ed., The origins of the Koran, MESA bulletin 35 (2001): 74-5. Review of M. Mustafa al-Azami, On Schacht’s Origins of muhammadan jurisprudence, and Norman Calder, Studies in early Muslim jurisprudence, Journal of law and religion 15 (2000-1): 363-7. Review of Miklos Muranyi, Die Rechtsbücher des Qairawāners Saḥnūn b. Saʿīd, Islamic law and society 8 (2001): 137-9. Review of Mary Louise Gude, Louis Massignon, in Journal of Near Eastern studies 59 (2000): 276-7. Review of ʿAbd Allāh Shaʿbān ʿAlī, Ikhtilāfāt al-muḥaddithīn wa-al-fuqahāʾ fī al-ḥukm ʿalá al-ḥadīth, in Al-Usur al-wusta 12/1 (April 2000). Review of Muṣṭafá al-Harrūs, al-Madrasah al-mālikīyah al-andalusīyah, in Al-Usur al-wusta 11/2 (October 1999). Reviews of Zuhayr ʿUthmān ʿAlī Nūr, Ibn ʿAdī wa-manhajuh, and ʿAbd al-Razzāq ibn Khalīfah al-Shāyajī and al-Sayyid Muḥammad al-Sayyid Nūḥ, Manāhij al-muḥaddithīn fī riwāyat al-ḥadīth bi-al-maʿná, in Al-Usur al-wusta 11/1 (April 1999). Review of Gerhard Conrad, Die Quḍāt Dimašq und der Madhab al-Auzāʿī, in Islamic law and society 6 (1999): 403-5. Review of Muhammad Qasim Zaman, Religion and politics under the early ʿAbbāsids, in Islamic law and society 6 (1999): 272-5. Reviews of Najm ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Khalaf, Naqd al-matn bayna ṣināʿat al-muḥaddithīn wa-maṭāʿin al-mustashriqīn, and Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Marʿashlī, Fatḥ al-mannān bi-muqaddimat Lisān al-Mīzān, in Al-Usur al-wusta 10/1 (April 1998). Review essay (5,000 words) concerning George Makdisi, ‘Ṭabaqāt-biography: law and orthodoxy in classical Islam’, Islamic studies (Islamabad) 32 (1993): 371-96, and Wael B. Hallaq, ‘Was al-Shafiʿi the master architect of Islamic jurisprudence?’ International journal of Middle East studies 25 (1993): 587-605, in Arabica 44 (1997): 308-16. Reviews of M. Muʾnis ʿAwaḍ, al-Jughrāfīyūn wa-al-raḥḥālah al-muslimūn, Shaʿbān Khalīfah and Walīd Muḥammad al-ʿAwzah, Fihrist Ibn al-Nadīm, and ʿAṭāʾ ibn ʿAbd al-Laṭīf ibn Aḥmad, Imʿān al-naẓar fī Taqrīb al-ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar, in Al-Usur al-wusta 9/1 (April 1997). Review essay (6,000 words), ‘Discerning the will of God: four recent books on Islamic law’, Religious studies review 23 (1997): 11-15. Review of Haim Gerber, State, society, and law in Islam, in American historical page 14 review 101 (1996): 1256-7. Review of Yāqūt, Irshād al-arīb, edited by Iḥsān ʿAbbās, in MESA bulletin 30 (1996): 76-7. Reviews of ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Aḥmad al-Fāwī Maḥmūd, Uṣūl al-malāmatīyah wa-ghalaṭāt al-ṣūfīyah, and Badrī Muḥammad Fahd, Tārīkh Baghdād lil-muʾarrikh Ibn al-Najjār al-Baghdādī, in Al-ʿUsur al-wusta 7/2 (October 1995). Review of M. Muʾnis ʿAwaḍ, al-Raḥḥālah al-awrubbīyūn fī mamlakat Bayt al-Maqdis al-ṣalībīyah, in Al-‘Usur al-wusta 6/2 (October 1994). Review of al-Maqrīzī, K. al-Muqaffá, in Al-‘Usur al-Wusta 5/1 (April 1993). PUBLICATIONS: OTHERS ‘Ibn Ḥabīb’s book of scrupulosity’ (2600 words), forthcoming in Journal of the American Oriental Society 144 (2024): 421-5. ‘Early ḥadīth touching on marriage and conversion, by Ibn Abī Shayba’. Pages 69-73 in Conversion to Islam in the premodern age: a sourcebook. Edited by Nimrod Hurvitz, Christian Sahner, Uriel Simonsohn, and Luke Yarbrough. Oakland: University of California Press, 2020. ‘Heißt es »Allāh«, oder heißt es »Gott«?’ Pages 421-4 in Koran erklärt. Ein Beitrag zur Aufklärung. Edited by Willi Steul. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2017. ‘Early Ḥanbali creeds’ (translations of eight creeds), available at the Oxford University Research Archive, https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3f641916-8c75-4114-8e90db25de3fa7be. ‘The creeds of Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal’, with Saud Al-Sarhan. Pages 29-50 in Books and bibliophiles: studies in honour of Paul Auchterlonie on the bio-bibliography of the Muslim world. Edited by Robert Gleave. N.p.: Gibb Memorial Trust, 2014. ‘Was wir wirklich über die frommen Altvorderen (al-salaf al-sâlih) und ihre Vorstellungen vom islamischen Recht wissen können’, with Andreas Görke. Pages 27-43 in Salafismus in Deutschland: Ursprünge und Gefahren einer islamisch-fundamentalistischen Bewegung. Edited by Thorsten Gerald Schneiders. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2014. ‘The formation of the Sunnī schools of law’, review essay (6,000 words). Pages 351-66 in The formation of Islamic law. Edited by Wael B. Hallaq. The formation of the classical Islamic world 27. General editor Lawrence I. Conrad. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004. ‘Islamic Law’, Oklahoma City University law review 23 (1998): 901-9. CONFERENCE AND SEMINAR PAPERS: ‘Daʿāʾim al-Islām of al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān and the Mukhtaṣar of al-Ṭaḥāwī’, presented to workshop Normative Practices in Tenth Century page 15 Ifrīqiya, Université de Lausanne, March 2024. ‘“Let me not find one of you reclining on his couch (arīkah)”’, presented to the 30th Congress of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Utrecht, July 2022. ‘Al-Sulamī, traditionist’, presented to colloquium L’héritage de Abū ‘Abd alRaḥmān al-Sulamī à l’occasion du millénaire de sa mort, Paris, December 2021. ‘The early epitome (mukhtaṣar) of Islamic law: evolution of a genre’, presented to Columbia University Seminar on Religion and Writing, October 2021. ‘The early mukhtasar; Abu Musʿab al-Zuhri, Buwayti, Muzani, Tahawi, and Khiraqi; the shaping up of a genre’, presented to Islamic Legal Studies Retreat, Crewkerne, convened by the Law, Authority and Learning in Imami Shi’ite Islam project, June 2021. ‘Mālik and regional schools as they appear in Kitāb al-Ḥujjah ʿalá ahl al-Madīnah’, presented to workshop ‘Narratives on the Maliki legal school: inside and outside views (from the early period to the present)’, University of Exeter, February 2020. ‘The Musnad of al-Shāfiʿī’, presented to the 29th Congress of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Münster, September 2018. ‘Early Islamic renunciant piety and the emergence of Sufism’, presented to History seminar, SOAS, January 2018. ‘The controversy over reciting the Qur’an with tones (al-qirāʾah bi-al-alḥān)’, presented to Hadith & Law in Early Islam workshop, University of Exeter, November 2017. ‘Ibn al-Mubārak, traditionist’, presented to conference ‘Modern hadith studies between Arabophone and western Scholarship’, Pembroke College, Oxford, January 2017. ‘The rightly-guided caliphs: the range of views preserved in hadith’, keynote address to the annual conference on Islamic political thought at the King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, Riyadh, December 2016. ‘Who’s in, who’s out? Right belief and good behaviour in the definition of a Muslim’, presented to the 28th Congress of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Palermo, September 2016. ‘The agents of Mūsá al-Kāẓim and ʿAlī al-Riḍā’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Boston, March 2016. ‘Form, function and history of the hadith collections as a literary genre’, presented to workshop Catenae, florilegia, anthologies and related literature, Berlin, March 2016. ‘The importance of personal characteristics and biographical information in Sunni hadith criticism’, presented to Islam anno 250 conference, Leiden, December 2015. ‘Mawardi (d. 1058) between law and religion’, presented to Religious Studies Seminar, Cambridge, November 2015. ‘Early female Muslim renunciants (8th-9th centuries CE)’, presented to the conference Gendering ascetic knowledge in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, Berlin, October 2015. page 16 ‘Origins and early Sufism’, presented to the Triangle medieval studies seminar, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, March 2015. ‘Why non-Muslim subjects are to pay the jizyah’, presented to the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Helsinki, June 2014. ‘Māwardī’s legal thinking’, presented to New approaches to world Islamic and Middle East studies conference, McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies, Montreal, May 2014. ‘Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī and traditional hadith criticism’, presented to colloquium Claiming tradition: modern rereadings of the classical Islamic heritage, Pembroke College, Oxford, September 2013. ‘The formation of Sunni and Shii traditionalism in Baghdad’, presented to conference Baghdad—space of knowledge, Berlin, August 2013. ‘Apocalypticism in the hadith literature’, presented to ‘Visions of the End’ workshop, Oxford, March 2013. ‘The spread of Ḥanafism to Khurasan and Transoxania’, presented to conference Eastern Iran and Transoxiana, 750-1150, St Andrews, March 2013. ‘Regional schools of law and piety’, presented to the Postgraduate seminar in Islamic studies, School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion, University of Birmingham, October 2012. ‘The transmission of hadith: changes in the ninth and tenth centuries C.E.’, presented to the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Basel, September 2012. ‘The early Ḥanafīyah and Kufa’, presented to School of Abbasid Studies, Exeter, July 2012. ‘Locating Hell in early renunciant literature’, presented to conference on locating Hell in Islamic traditions, Utrecht, April 2012. ‘Wahhābism and Islamic law’, lecture at Agha Khan University, Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations, London, February 2012. ‘The life and works of al-Nasāʾī’, presented to conference in memory of Gautier H. A. Juynboll (1935-2010), Leiden, December 2011. ‘Ibn al-Mubārak’s Kitāb al-Jihād and early renunciant literature’, presented to conference on legitimate and illegitimate violence, University of Exeter, September 2011. ‘The interpretation of three qur’anic terms of special interest to early renunciants’, presented to the Institute of Ismaili Studies, London, February 2011. ‘The Islamic literature on encounters between Muslim renunciants and Christian monks’, presented to the International Society for Religion, Literature and Culture, Oxford, September 2010. ‘Renunciation (zuhd) in the early Shiʿi tradition’, presented to the Shiʿi Studies Colloquium, London, September 2010. ‘Quotations of extra-qur’anic scripture in early renunciant literature’, presented to the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Naples, September 2010. ‘“God created Adam in his image”’, presented to the sixth biennial SOAS Qur’an conference, London, November 2009. page 17 ‘Prosperity and stagnation: Māwardī, Abū Yaʿlá, and the Sunni revival’, presented to the Conference on Abbasides, Cracow, May 2009. ‘Quantitative approaches to the early literature of renunciation (zuhd)’, presented to the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Leipzig, September 2008. ‘Mâwardî’s legal thinking’, presented to Network of British Researchers and Practitioners of Islamic Law, first workshop, University of Exeter, June 2008. ‘Ibn Ḥanbal, Kitâb al-zuhd’ and ‘Analysis of specific chains of transmission’, presented to the Workshop on transmission and authority of prophetic traditions, Islamisches Institut, Halle, May 2008. ‘Islamic law: salient characteristics and historical problems’, presented to the colloquium on Law & Religion, Balliol College, April 2008. ‘Nasâʾî’s shaykhs’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Chicago, March 2008. ‘Stemmatic analysis of the Ten Readings’, presented to the fifth biennial SOAS Qur’an conference, London, November 2007. ‘Ibn Taymîyah, Ibn al-Qayyim, and the Ḥanbali school’, presented to the Workshop on Ibn Taymîyah and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzîyah, Berlin, October 2007. ‘Oral and written transmission of hadith, 9th-10th Centuries C.E.’, presented to the colloquium Oralité et lien social au Moyen Age (Occident, Byzance, Islam), Paris, May 2007. ‘Oral and written transmission in the generation of variant readings (qirâʾât) of the Qur’an’, presented to the American Oriental Society, San Antonio, March 2007. ‘The incidence of travel in search of hadith’, presented to the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Sassari, September 2006. ‘Abû Nuʿaym’s sources for Ḥilyat al-awliyâʾ, Sufi and traditionist’, presented to the colloquium Maîtres et disciples dans le soufisme des 3e et 4e siècles de l’Hégire (9e-10e s.), Lyons, September 2006. ‘A basic survey of the Six Books’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Seattle, March 2006. ‘When not to recite the Qur’an’, presented to the fourth biennial SOAS Qur’an conference, London, November 2005. ‘Texts relating to the emergence of pious opposition to renunciation (zuhd)’, presented to Sufi Texts workshop, Oxford, July 2005. ‘The Muṣannaf of Ibn Abī Shaybah’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Philadelphia, March 2005. ‘Whether to keep women and unbelievers out of the mosque: a survey of medieval Islamic Law’, presented to the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Cracow, October 2004. ‘Monotheism and Islamic piety’, presented to Hindu studies seminar, Hindu Studies Centre, Oxford, May 2004. ‘The legacy of al-Shâfiʿî’, presented to CNRS seminar, Aix-en-Provence, May 2004. ‘Islamic mysticism and what is Islamic about it’, presented to the Oxford Byzantine Society conference on mysticism, Oxford, February page 18 2004. ‘Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal and the Qur’an’, presented to the third biennial SOAS Qur’an conference, London, October 2003. ‘Ḥanbali law and non-Muslims’, presented to the 20th Maghreb review conference, Oxford, July 2003. ‘The Musnad of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Nashville, April 2003. ‘The doctrine of al-Shâfiʿî according to Tirmidhî and Marwazî’, presented to the School of Abbasid Studies, Cambridge, July 2002. ‘Sufis, proto-Sufis, and other renunciants in ninth-century Basra’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Houston, March 2002. ‘Islamic law’, presented to Seminar on the philosophy of law, Institute for Chinese Studies, Oxford, February 2002. ‘The transmission of religious tradition in Islam’, presented to Colloquium on the transmission of religious tradition, University College, Oxford, June 2001. ‘The holy man in early Islam’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Toronto, April 2001. ‘From regional schools to personal: a second look’, presented to the III. International conference on Islamic legal studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 2000. ‘Fiqh and ḥadīth from competing approaches to complementary’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Portland, March 2000. ‘Qur’anic abrogation across the ninth century’, presented to the Symposium on Islamic legal theory, Salt Lake City, September 1999. ‘Early ascetics as traditionists’, presented to the Middle East Studies Association, Chicago, December 1998. ‘The practice of hadith transmission, ninth-tenth centuries C.E.’, presented to the Middle East Studies Association, San Francisco, November 1997. ‘The piety of the hadith folk’, presented to the Middle East Studies Association, Providence, November 1996. ‘Ibn Mujāhid and Qur’ān recitation in the 10th Century C.E.’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Philadelphia, March 1996. ‘Sufis, Malamatiyya, and Karramiyya in Khurasan, 9th-10th centuries C.E.’, presented to the Middle East Studies Association, Washington, D.C., December 1995. ‘Early Sufis and the Ḥanābilah’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Salt Lake City, March 1995. ‘Islamic law and legalism’, presented to the Society of Biblical Literature, regional meeting, St. Louis, April 1994. ‘The Shāfiʿi school of law and theology’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Madison, March 1994. ‘Did the Sunni community form in order to oppose the Shīʿi? The Ḥanābilah from opposition to the rationalists to opposition to the Shīʿah’, presented to Conference on Shīʿī Islam, Philadelphia, September 1993. ‘The religious policy of the caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir as page 19 expressed by their judicial appointments’, presented to the American Oriental Society, Chapel Hill, April 1993. ‘The Iranian revolution and the theory of revolutions’, presented to Social Scientists of North Carolina Baptist Colleges, Mars Hill, North Carolina, February 1993. WORK IN PROGRESS: ‘The Mukhtaṣar of al-Muzanī’ (article). ‘Gestures of prayer and supplication in the Islamic and other traditions’ (article). ‘Shiʿi law against Sunni in 10th-century Africa’ (article). ‘A third category: the slave wife’ (article).