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A self-aware being does not need to be an egoistic-ethnocentric being. Our minds are full of images. These images inform and swirl around an incessant inner chatter that is organized according to its innumerable illusions, obsessions, and fantasies. Our minds overflow with ceaseless images, mythological images, including obsessive verbal repetitions, defining our robot-like existence as we continue blindly on the path of endless misery and eventual self-annihilation. We have constructed our identities, full of emotion, through such repetitions and compulsive images. In consequence, the world around us manifests itself in a giant chaos of conflicting, incommensurable fantasies, giving us a world disorder that approximates, literally and figuratively, a war of all against all. This paper describes the human relation to freedom as well as the role of the Earth Constitution in protecting and promoting freedom.
This essay is a brief overview of the evolutionary development of the "concept of the human" in relation to systems of governing and authority. It culminates in the argument that the Constitution for the Federation of Earth is the next step in this evolutionary process requiring a leap beyond the fragmented system of sovereign nation-states to the unity in diversity of the Earth Constitution in which "the concept of the human" is more fully embodied.
Philosophical Explorations, 2007
This paper develops three points in response to Habermas's 'The Language Game of Responsible Agency and the Problem of Free Will.' First, while Habermas nicely characterizes the appearance of freedom, he misconstrues its connections to deliberate agency, responsibility, and our justificatory practice. Second, Habermas's discussion largely overlooks grave conceptual challenges to our idea of freedom, challenges more fundamental than those posed by naturalism. Finally, a physicalist view of ourselves may be able to save as much of the appearance of freedom as can the antiphysicalist naturalism that Habermas recommends.
This chapter attempts to examine Heidegger’s dealing with the question of freedom in his lecture course on The Essence of Human Freedom. Taking Heidegger’s destructive reading of Kant as point of departure, the chapter in a Heideggerian manner attempts to think freedom in a more originary manner: not as man’s property, but the unconditional opening, or possibility of existence itself as such. In this sense freedom is the event of the possibility of existence itself which breaks through in man who is essentially finite and mortal. Man grounded in this manner in freedom is open to the ground of his own existence in so far as he is the ‘most finite of all being’. Finitude is not an impossibility of freedom but the possibility of existence itself. Freedom is no longer thought here as man’s will to determine itself on its own ground, but freedom as the groundless site of history’s inauguration and is irreducible to any causality, whether transcendental causality or practical causality of Kantian type. As the groundless condition of the mortal’s event of existence, freedom is not one question of amongst others but the question of finitude itself out of which existence erupts. This event of freedom, understood, is the event of leap from the grounding principle of reason, even if it is practical reason and the principle of causality to the un-groundable event of inauguration of finite history itself.
This chapter looks at human freedom in the context of the problem of free will and conceptions of it in existentialist philosophy.
Freedom and Society: Essays on Autonomy, Identity, and Political Freedom, 2021
This is the introduction to an upcoming edited volume on Freedom and Society, to be published by Mercer University Press in 2021. I am one of the editors for the volume. The other editors are Yi Deng, Creighton Rosental, and Rosalind Simson.
As an American from the United States, I've spent a good deal of time wondering if it's entirely a good thing that our culture is so very individualistic.
Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research
The present paper is an exercise in self-awareness and self-realization by a thoughtful human mind with regard to a very problematic but highly significant enigma of human life concerning the antinomy of freedom and determinism experienced in our concrete day-today living in the context of human behavior due to fragmented approach to life and Reality and need for the management of the same in a holistic framework. In this endeavor, we may derive helpful guidance and redemption from the deep insights and enlightening visions of Indian seers and sages. In a meaningful enterprise, the entire wide and variegated Reality is to be kept in view with the main focus on human existence. It has to be a holistic reflection from varied perspectives and multiple approaches. It has to be done with the objective of being benefited by it in shaping the cosmic and human existence for universal well-being. Naturally therefore the individual human existence, human society, natural environment, scientific and technological enterprises and socio-political organizations, etc., become crucial points in a purposeful deliberation. Consideration of deeper issues concerning these areas provides it practical orientation in the context of human life planning, social engineering, science policy and environmental stewardship.
Power and Obedience, 2020
Foreword It is my intention to illustrate in this essay that sovereignty is never granted in any shape or form but it is, rather, a fact inherit in nature and possessed solely by the individual. This I call sovereignty in its absolute form. Other subjective sovereignties; the sovereignty of the state, for example, or even abstract sovereign principles such as human rights, are merely the machinations of an individual sovereign mind capable of rendering external sovereignties that scientifically, emotively, and spiritually are real only to the degree that a sovereign mind determines them to be. This I call sovereignty in the conditional form. While this observation, which is provable and true, does cause angst in one sense, it is profoundly liberating in another and offers a true path to altruism: the freedom to love what is perceived as the other and to pull that other into orbit around one's self. Before we can even begin to discuss notions (or, more properly, actions) of 'freedom' and 'justice' in a sane and functional society (if it were to ever be such), it is the core of the individual that the conversation must begin and can only begin. It is not the case that liberation is an alien concept or a fantasy; rather, the seeds of its propagation are misplaced. Freedom is not a bestowal. That is the fantasy of the obedient, perhaps. Freedom is the beginning and the end of the individual, and collectives are not the metaphysical autonomous results of combined freedoms, as I shall show.
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