THE INTUITIVE CALCULUS The first and second parts are owed in large part to the teaching style of Edmund Scarpa, high school teacher and math professor. Calculus, (Part I.) Calculus is stupid. Calculus is for extroverts. It’s either totally easy, or you learn calculus. Calculus is about thinking —-wait that’s for philosophers. The origin is a variable. The derivative is the angle of a line —- that’s a small thing somehow, however, isn’t it? The process might be unlimited. Even the opposite mathematics has its limits. It also may have no function. There are no opposites in calculus: there are only functions. Structures are imaginary. Applied calculus is the tough part—for which you have your handy calculator. You can’t be on the side of calculus—- Calculus just IS. One thing to know is that calculus always has a power. If you input zero you get zero, just like in algebra. Advanced concepts in calculus: 1. Everything of value is outside calculus. 2. Maybe +3. 3. Calculus for all integers. That’s just an idea. It’s arbitrary in God’s logic is one of the first things I learned. Even now in calculus there is a division between professors who teach calculus as intuition and those that teach it as pure mathematics. Ultimately there may be more than one way to do calculus but remember, calculus is stupid , or you’re a genius. Towards the end of his life, Leibniz lamented: what’s human about calculus? So, calculus does have a downside. I’ll leave that as a puzzle. Concluding Remarks of the First Lesson: Sometimes we think calculus is a disease. Sometimes we think it is not logical at all. But mostly we think it is a highly useful thinking tool. Perhaps you’ll side with the Leibniz who thought it was inhuman, or perhaps you’ll side with the Leibniz who brought it upon himself to invent calculus. Posterior Calculus (Part II.) Now, I told you it wasn't about philosophy, but it is! All you need to know at first is Delta V. Whatever you interpret from is analytic a posteriori. Because you know you will get what results—- You have to begin somewhere, so you begin with the effect of an unseen cause. The cause is analytic. Delta V. is when you attach an effect to a cause—-And you call it —- what do you call it? Analytic. The rest is logic… I’m sure you can figure it out. It depends on the case. ADVANCED / APPLIED CALCULUS (Part III.) This section comes from a one-way conversation (from a professor) that happened since I was a witness of pieces of my father’s post-graduate courses at SAIS. Advanced calculus, also called applied calculus, is summarized by a particular range of modes or conceptual functions: Range: "And other languages besides English" (extending the function). Importance: Bounded or Unbounded, Finite or Infinite. Definition or No Definition. Conditions or Laws (parameters). Identity: special function or no special function. Creativity: "Unless we change the function". Now a concluding remark we might owe to Immanuel Kant: "For every dupe there is something doubtful... For every doubt there is something dutiful." CALCULUS!!! References Coppedge, Nathan. Systems Theory. 2016. Scarpa, Edmund. First-hand calculus lectures (intermittent observer). Spring 2001. Nathan Coppedge / SCSU 2016/09/14, p.