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Reconstruction of Socrates' argument for justice, and other details.
2006
According to Diogenes Laertius' Lives of Eminent Philosophers, an unbroken chain of teachers and pupils links Socrates to the earliest Stoics (1.15). The founder of Stoicism, Zeno of Citium, is said to have studied with Crates (6.105 and 7.2), who is supposed to have absorbed Cynicism from Diogenes of Sinope (6.85 and 87), and Diogenes, in turn, reportedly earned the label “Cynic” under the influence of Antisthenes (6.21), who is called a follower of Socrates (6.2).
I argue that, through the course of the argument of Euthyphro, the traditional Greek gods are quietly replaced by universal causal essences or forms. Once this substitution has been made, the traditional conception of piety as the proper way for humans to relate to the gods can be preserved. Socrates exemplifies in his words and deeds this combination of traditional piety and revolutionary philosophical theology.
In: B. Nessel / L. Nebelsick (Hrsg.), Quod erat demonstrandum - Vorgeschichtliche Studien Christopher F. E. Pare gewidmet / Studies in Prehistory dedicated to Christopher F. E. Pare. UPA 380 (Bonn 2022) 255-264., 2022
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