We all know that perpetual motion of the 1st or 2nd kind is impossible, but this has not deterred inventors from coming up with new ways to attain this dream. The US Patent Office, for instance, has granted several perpetual motion patents in recent history, against its long-standing policy. Perhaps one of the reasons for this is that inventors are getting more sophisticated. Unbalanced wheels and magnets are giving way to holograms, forcing scientists to make connections between fields that would not have been made otherwise. Perpetual motion of the Third Kind, which seeks to produce infinite exergy rather than infinite energy, has made its appearance, and it seems that new laws of Thermodynamics would need to be added in order to forbid it. This paper studies not only the "science" behind perpetual motion, but also the psychological and philosophical underpinnings of a pursuit that would not go away.

A perpetual motion machine is (as the name implies) a machine that moves perpetually; it never stops. Ever.

The bet between two elite intellectuals which is witnessed by more elite scientists (especially in physics) inspired the revisit of the aged topic of perpetual motion machines. The main substance in the bet, a sportive car the Blackbird, could run downwind at a sustainable faster-than-wind speed only on the wind energy induced by its own motion, which indicate the viability of the fourth kind of perpetual motion machines, a realistic one that would not need a constant energy supply from external sources while keep running without violating the thermodynamic laws. This paper elaborates the meaning, mechanism, and application potential of the fourth kind of perpetual motion machines, especially its weak type which could realistically run for a long time (years) without the need of the frequent replenishment of energy.

2010

The paper is grounded on the author's book '"Thermal Death" on the Earth and the scenario how to prevent it' (Moscow, URSS, 2009, bibl.571). While consuming energy, we finally practically all the produced energy is dissipated as heat. As the way of preventing the "thermal death" the author suggests that we should transit to the thermocyclic power engineering based on using heat circulation and build "cold storage plants" which must collect the dissipated heat and transform it into forms of energy necessary to mankind. As a rule the dissipated heat has low temperature gradients. For this reason the efficiency of "cold storage plants" of the classic type (with coolers) is too small and therefore they cannot be used as the basis of thermocyclic power engineering. This fact makes us consider the perpetual motion engines of the second kind. Having analyzed (excessively) numerous formulations of the Second Law of thermodynamics, the auth...

More than 90% world’s power is being generated using electromagnets based on the faraday’s law of electro-magnetic induction. Many new technologies were discovered with time which led a drastic change in the perception of electric energy. But at the same time there is misconception of FREE ENERGY. Energy becomes free only at a point after which we don’t have to pay for power generation after commissioning the unit. By using the magnetic force of magnets continuous motion (Energy) is generated.

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022

In this research paper, we wanted to show that a perpetual motion for the shaft of the machine doesn't require expensive energy sources.The infinite amount of external energy supply is achieved; by designing a machine that uses the freely available natural energy from the surrounding, and this machine must be a hybrid one. This hybrid machine contains a mechanical system, an electrical system, and a switching device. The rotating mass is in the vacuum chamber, it rotates on the bearing supports with the energy obtained from the conservative work done due to gravity, the electrical system uses electrical energy, and this electrical energy is for the magnetic force to repel and attract the rotating mass which is attached, with a permanent magnet at its tip. This electrical energy must be from the solar cell to charge the battery for the electrical energy. The switching device is for periodically switching on and off; the timing of switching on and off for the electrical circuit is by sensing the position of the permanent magnet; when it is near the electromagnet or within the magnetic field for repulsive or attractive force. And the outcome of this is the continuous supply of shaft power for perpetual motion of the shaft that is an integrated structure with the rotating mass. I. INTRODUCTION When we talk about the perpetual motion machine we know that; an infinite amount of external energy is supplied to cause such a motion. The structural strength of the machine is vital because it should not break when operated for an infinite time. From this motion machine much useful work can be assigned and achieved, especially the energy conversion part. In this research paper, we concentrate on how to extract the crude and natural free form of energy which is available infinitely in the surrounding for perpetual motion by using the hybrid machine. This hybrid machine, as the name suggests is a combination of two or more system that operates on a different principle. According to the energy input, these systems of the machines operate differently; one works only on mechanical energy, whereas the other works on electromagnetism. The mechanical system has a shaft integrated with a rotating arm, and at the tip of this arm; a permanent magnet is attached. The shaft rotates to convert the potential energy of the mechanical system mass to kinetic energy, and this mechanical system is supported by the bearings that are attached to the main support. The ball bearings are for friction reduction. The electrical system with the electrical energy input from the battery is charged by the solar cells and has a supporting stand to support the electromagnet. The electromagnet has a core of ferrous metal and winding. This system is also equipped with a sensor switch to on and off the circuit of the electrical system periodically when the rotating arm reaches the space of the magnetic field of the electromagnet.

The perpetual motion of energy is possible. It is not where he was tried, but where we consume the most energy to overcome the force of gravity. Abstract This publication and deposits patent that preceded it, derive from a simple reflection: "If it is possible to exploit the hydrostatic head to save energy by pumping water up to overcome the force of gravity, it is also possible to transform the hydrostatic energy with the help of atmospheric pressure, not raising but pushing waters static downwards, after intubation of the same " Applying synergistically the continuity equation of Bernoulli, the principle of Pascal on the transmission of the pressure in hydraulic circuits that simultaneously using electric pumps and turbines, we can produce the maximum energy in the descending phase of the water and consume the minimum of energy in the phase of lifting, creating open systems where the geodetic suction and delivery coincide (open vessel). Or, closures pressurized, where inlet and outlet piezometric heights coincide (closed vessel). In the first case, we can make fixed installations that produce energy even while we raise and distribute drinking water, industrial, agricultural, for cleansing and protection against flooding, that at state of the art, are the works that involve the higher power consumption of the planet. In the second case, instead, we can realize hydroelectric plants movable with water tanks pressurized with compressed air, which by means of a circuit partially open, in the phase of descent of the water, by means of a pump used as a turbine, produces energy, discharging the water in a small tank of disconnection, and a pump with a double feed that fits it into a partially closed circuit in the phase of return to the to the pressurized tank. Both in power plants in open vessel than in those hybrids movable using special electric pumps with low prevalence but equipped with double supply in suction side and anti-vortex and backstop devices which allow the insertion and mixing of the water to be lifted in the recycling circuit provided of greater hydrostatic pressure. In these circuits, fixed and mobile, the waters are not raised by the pumps but by hydrostatic pressures, natural or artificial. The mobile circuit, being the volume of water constant, the cushion of compressed air does not expand. Always it exerts the same pressure as the atmospheric pressure acts on those in the open vessel. For low system costs of fixed and mobile versions and high energy performance, which does not require fossil fuels or organic, even bulky, low energy efficiency, such as solar and wind power, we can finally talk about something that resembles the perpetual motion, without nuclear contraindications, although there is the inevitable consumption of machines and materials. But the perpetual motion never promised multiplication (for ten, or percent, or more) of the energy wich serves to run the pump. As happens in these plants, fixed and mobile.

Fairly complete evidence of adequate principles, if Newtonian mechanics is taken into account.

Power Engineer, 2003

Pardoxa 26: Sf Now

This article intervenes in the newly resurgent nuclear debate, particularly in relation to carbon neutral energy production. Combining the critical study of nuclear energy to science fiction narratives and documentary film, I argue that Michael Madsen’s film Into Eternity (2010) reframes debates about our energy commitments: what does it mean to rely on a single source for most of our energy needs? Others have treated Madsen’s film as an interrogation of the logic of containment and the tenuous character of the warning signs for waste storage. I engage these aspects of the film not as strictly limited to issues of nuclear waste, but also as symptoms of the vast energy impasse between the demand for the dense energy of fossil fuels and the disastrous ecological consequences of their continued use. The film addresses a contemporary audience as much as it addresses countless unknowable, and possibly alien, others; thus, by bringing this science fictional address to documentary, Into Eternity works through the deep impact of high energy use in late capital.