1984

For thousands of years, philosophers and scientists have struggled to understand the phenomenon of time. We have known for the last one hundred years about time dilation or slowing of time with motion and in gravity yet the true understanding of time have evaded us. I am presenting here a clear solution to the enigma of time which brings to light the reason behind many predictions of Special and General Relativity such as why time slows with motion and in gravity? What is the cause of gravity and why it is only attractive? Why is space curved by gravitational fields? Why objects gain mass when accelerated by a force but do not gain mass when falling in gravity? What is the cause of inertia and length contraction and why there cannot be a twin paradox? MANY FACETS OF TIME Time presents to us in many different ways. We measure time, keep time, meet and greet in time and our daily lives are completely wrapped around the onward rush of time. We perceive time as past present and future. Events in time are always accompanied by a mental image of a place suggesting that time is a dimension. This has sprung a whole culture around the concept of time travel leading to numerous science fiction stories, and movies. In physics, time plays a major role in the measurement of motion and forces. The many facets of time should suggest that time is an emergent phenomenon that is arising from some underlying process that we need to identify. The greatest breakthrough in the understanding of time occurred about a hundred years ago with Einstein's theories of Special and General relativity in which he introduced the concept of slowing of time with motion and in gravity. Einstein also showed that large masses curve space and there is an increase in mass with acceleration by application of a force. These discoveries of Einstein provide the necessary clues to solving the riddle of time. MEASURING TIME: WHAT ARE WE MEASURING? One of the earliest devices to measure time was the sundials; which used the sun's motion as a standard of measurement for time. The use of units like seconds and minutes which are radial angle measurements in geometry may be pointing toward the original connection of time measurements to radial motion of astronomical objects across the sky. Once we started using precise timekeeping devices like digital clocks and time based on atomic oscillations the time's celestial connection was lost. Now the whole world's time can be synchronized with atomic clocks and time has developed a life of its own.

no publication, 2018

TIME is presented in different areas of human activities such as philosophy, history, science. Several points of view upon 'time' were summarized and their evolutions in time were presented. Then 'time' is presented as in the general relativity and quantum theories from the beginning of the 20 th century. Further on other 20 th century emergent theories are presented, with ideas questioning the 'existence' or 'not-existence' of 'time'. In over 2500 years of debates over 'time', 'time' proves to be not understood yet.

In New Physics, the so-called hyperphysis, Time is a primordial basic concept used to help in the understanding of physical reality. On the other hand, Space plays a minor role secondary to Time, remaining an important notion nonetheless.

Throughout the ages, "time" was an essential question for physicists and even more at present. Nowadays, physicists are trying to unify Quantum Mechanics and Einstein GR theory, to get an overall theory, which would represent the whole universe, from infinitely small dimensions to infinitely large, and "time" is a major element for this unification. This question of the real nature of time is a headache for philosophers and a real nightmare for physicists. Even today, there is no clear answer to that question. A great number of physicists claims that time doesn't exist, but it seems to be only a belief without a demonstration of its non-existence. However, does "time" really exist? Why do we have the sensation of an "arrow of time", while the equations of physics are reversible with the variable "time"? I am showing in this paper why time is not a real entity.

Research review international journal of multidisciplinary, 2019

We know many things about the time, more exactly we know many characteristics of time, and we know that we live in a time governed world. Time goes through always in one direction. It is always regular. As time is animprescriptible thing in our environment it is everywhere around us, we think we know it very properly. But physicists & philosophers have a question in their mind about the real existence of time. Time is not real, it is actually an illusion, and this is the belief of many physicists and philosophers. This idea of the non-existence of time had been first introduced by Greek philosopher Plato after him, in 20 the century great physicist Albert Einstein said in his special relativity that time is an illusion, after that there is a long research &argument in this topic of time's real existence but in 2013 this argument almost have come to an end by the book of Dr. Lee Smolin "Time Reborn". In this book Smolin discussed that how the time exists in the whole universe, not only exists actually time is governing our universe. He proves the existence of time with the use of cosmology. Using laws of nature, we have an idea about timeless universe, but Smolin shows that laws of the nature are nothing but the result of evolution, which implies that time is real because one of the greatest condition of evolution is time.

In this article, the author shows that time-or at least, what we usually mean by the term "time"-does not exist. That is to say, time is commonly understood as an active entity that inexorably "flows" through and "rules" over everything; as something that "takes away", but also "brings" everything; it's something that "builds" and "destroys"… such "time" is just like Chronos who is ticking away inexorably and rules over everything in the world. But such time does not exist. The first problem is already that the word "time" does not have a real and clear referent in the world. Its "referent" is in fact just our construct, so that without our "contribution", without our mind/soul there is no "anthropological" (and anthropomorphical?) time. And if we change this concept of time with "time" as the measurement of the moving planets or the Sun, the Milky Way, or even the oscillations of caesium-atoms… we run into unsolvable problems with "time". But, if we saw that such time does not exist and how it is constructed, then a lot of the problems associated with time would be solved.

Aquinas Review, 2009

In this article I defend Aristotle's account of time.

Various available definitions of Time are not able to define this term by not using references to terms directly related to Time. We find circular arguments and the use of entities that are undefined by themselves. Now we want to give a simple definition which will be understood from people and not only from specialized scientists. The question about what is time is studying under a technical and simple way. The different forms that such a variable can be found are pre-sented by using simple examples. Finally it is argued that Time is the one and only one non spatial variable that we need in order to describe the spatial evolution of any system under consideration.

Science & Religion Final Paper, 2013

2021

It has been suggested by some authors that time has no physical existence, but it would be an illusion. The human being uses clocks for measuring the numerical sequential order of the duration of material changes, namely the motion which runs in space. We experience a run of changes in the frame of the linear psychological time "past-present-future", which has its basis in the neurological activity of the brain. We could link it with a concept of universe where there is neither physical past nor physical future. In this model of "time-free" space (in the physical sense) it exists only what we observe with our senses and measure with apparatuses.