Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
…
4 pages
1 file
Using fundamental relationships in mathematics such as necessary conditions to root out fundamental relationships in mathematics such as foundations of set theory.
Beginning with an elementary, oscillatory discrete dynamical system associated with the square root of minus one, we study both the foundations of mathematics and physics. Position and momentum do not commute in our discrete physics. Their commutator is related to the diffusion constant for a Brownian process and to the Heisenberg commutator in quantum mechanics. We take John Wheeler's idea of It from Bit as an essential clue and we rework the structure of that bit to a logical particle that is its own anti-particle, a logical Marjorana particle. This is our key example of the amphibian nature of mathematics and the external world. We show how the dynamical system for the square root of minus one is essentially the dynamics of a distinction whose self-reference leads to both the fusion algebra and the operator algebra for the Majorana Fermion. In the course of this, we develop an iterant algebra that supports all of matrix algebra and we end the essay with a discussion of the Dirac equation based on these principles.
International Congress of Mathematicians
Project management approaches for online learning design / Gulsun Eby and T. Volkan Yuzer, editors.
The History and Philosophy of Science, 1450 - 1750, 2024
For the period surveyed in this volume, the last century stands out in virtue of a twin innovation. One is the thought that physical objects are subject to laws. Laws govern material bodies too, not just mankind and society. The other is that the science of nature must be built on them; it should have laws at its foundation. This joint development is of enduring interest, because it was a radical departure from what came before, and it remains a distinguishing mark of science as we know it. This chapter analyzes that twin innovation in its historical context. I begin with two major attempts to explicate the notion of a law of nature then (sec. I). Next, I examine a popular idea at the time, viz. that laws of nature are about causes (sec. II). Then I end with a closer look at the sort of sentences that were called laws in that century (sec. III). As with the other chapters in this volume, the intent is pedagogical: to offer college teachers a helpful survey of an idea central to early modern science. Current philosophy of science is home to sustained debates about what it is to be a law of nature. These debates rest on a shared intuition and two framing assumptions. The intuition is that there is a real difference between sentences like these: 1. All masses exert gravity on other masses. 2. All the coins in my pocket are dimes. The assumptions are: a law of nature is a universal generalization ('All Xs are Ys'); and any candidate account of lawhood must vindicate the intuition above -it must entail that (1) counts as a law of nature but (2) does not. ! 1
VIII Contabilidad financiera CAPÍTULO 6. El ciclo contable 6.1. Ejercicio económico y ejercicio contable 6.2. El resultado del periodo 6.3. Etapas del ciclo contable 6.3.1. Apertura o inicio de la contabilidad 6.3.2. Fase de desarrollo o registro de las operaciones del periodo 6.3.3. Balance de comprobación 6.3.4. Fase de regularización 6.3.4.1. Ajustes por periodificación 6.3.4.1.1. La corriente monetaria-financiera precede a la real 6.3.4.1.2. La corriente real precede a la monetaria-financiera 6.3.4.2. Correcciones valorativas 6.3.4.2.1. Correcciones valorativas por deterioro 6.3.4.2.2. Amortizaciones 6.3.4.3. Otros ajustes 6.3.4.3.1. Adecuación del saldo de las cuentas al inventario extracontable 6.3.4.3.2. Operaciones no formalizadas 6.3.4.3.3. Reclasificación de partidas 6.3.5. Cálculo del resultado y cierre de la contabilidad 6.4. Formulación de las cuentas anuales 6.5. Estudio operativo del ciclo contable de algunas empresas: comerciales, industriales y de servicios 6.5.1. Ciclo contable en empresas comerciales 6.5.2. Ciclo contable en empresas industriales 6.5.3. Ciclo contable en empresas de servicios 6.6. Obligaciones contables de carácter formal 6.7. Cuestionario de autoevaluación 6.8. Bibliografía CAPÍTULO 7. La valoración del patrimonio 7.1. Problemática de la valoración 7.2. Principios que fundamentan la valoración www.FreeLibros.me Tabla de contenidos IX 7.3. Principios contables del PGC y normas de registro y valoración 7.3.1. Criterios de valoración 7.4. Valoración en las NIC/NIIF 7.5. Cuestionario de autoevaluación 7.6. Bibliografía CAPÍTULO 8. Créditos por operaciones comerciales 8.1. Introducción 8.2. Créditos por operaciones comerciales 8.2.1. Créditos comerciales con clientes 8.2.2. Créditos comerciales con deudores 8.2.3. Efectos comerciales 8.2.3.1. Efectos comerciales en cartera 8.2.3.2. Efectos comerciales descontados 8.2.3.3. Efectos comerciales en gestión de cobro 8.2.3.4. Efectos comerciales impagados 8.2.4. Otros créditos originados en el tráfico de la empresa 8.2.4.1. Créditos por anticipos de remuneraciones 8.2.4.2. Administraciones públicas 8.3. Valoración de los créditos comerciales 8.3.1. Valoración inicial 8.3.2. Valoración posterior 8.4. Deterioro de valor: los créditos de dudoso cobro 8.4.1. Estimación individual 8.4.2. Estimación global 8.5. Los créditos comerciales en moneda extranjera 8.6. Cuestionario de autoevaluación 8.7. Bibliografía CAPÍTULO 9. Existencias 9.1. Las existencias: concepto y clases 9.1.1. Clasificación de las existencias 9.1.2. Consideraciones sobre la propiedad de las existencias y su reconocimiento contable www.FreeLibros.me X Contabilidad financiera 9.2. Valoración de las existencias 9.2.1. Valoración de las entradas en almacén 9.2.2. Valoración de las salidas. Métodos de asignación de valor 9.2.3. Valoración de las existencias de acuerdo a la Resolución de 9 de mayo de 2000 del ICAC 9.3. Registro contable de las operaciones con existencias 9.3.1. Funcionamiento de mercaderías como cuenta única administrativa 9.3.2. Funcionamiento de mercaderías como cuenta única especulativa 9.3.3. Desglose de la cuenta Mercaderías 9.4. Correcciones valorativas por deterioro de las existencias 9.5. Diferencias más significativas entre las normas del PGC de 2007 y las del IASB 9.6. Cuestionario de autoevaluación 9.7. Bibliografía 12.7. Diferencias más significativas entre las normas del PGC y las del IASB 12.8. Cuestionario de autoevaluación 12.9. Bibliografía CAPÍTULO 13. Fuentes de financiación ajenas 13.1. Análisis de la financiación ajena 13.1.1. Definición de pasivo 13.1.2. Clasificación de los pasivos 13.1.3. Requisitos para el reconocimiento contable de un pasivo 13.1.4. Valoración de un pasivo www.FreeLibros.me Tabla de contenidos XIII 13.2. Pasivo no corriente 13.2.1. Emisión de obligaciones 13.2.2. Otras deudas a largo plazo 13.2.2.1. Deudas a largo plazo con entidades de crédito 13.2.2.2. Deudas a largo plazo con proveedores de inmovilizado 13.2.2.3. Deudas comerciales a largo plazo 13.2.2.4. Fianzas y depósitos recibidos a largo plazo 13.3. Pasivo corriente 13.3.1. Por operaciones de tráfico 13.3.2. Por operaciones ajenas al tráfico 13.4. Deudas en moneda extranjera 13.5. Cuestionario de autoevaluación 13.6. Bibliografía CAPÍTULO 14. Ingresos plurianuales y provisiones www.FreeLibros.me Unidades económicas de producción Unidades económicas de consumo Sector Empresas privadas Familias privado Entidades productivas de economía social Entidades sin ánimo de lucro Sector Empresas públicas Administraciones públicas público Fuente: Serra, Giner y Vilar (1996:21) y elaboración propia. Tabla 1.1. Distinción entre unidades económicas de producción y de consumo. www.FreeLibros.me Y a efectos contables, de los parámetros recogidos en el Plan General de Contabilidad (Real Decreto 1514/2007, de 16 de noviembre), en adelante PGC de 2007, se deduce la clasificación recogida en la Tabla 1.3. Criterio Empresa Volumen de activo Cifra de negocios Número de trabajadores Tabla 1.2. Clasificación de las empresas según tamaño.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Tra le coste del Levante e le terre del tramonto. Studi in ricordo di Paolo Bernardini, 2021
Sono passati quasi tre anni da quando Paolo ci ha lasciati. Era l'inizio dell'estate del 2018. Sapevamo della sua malattia e della tenacia e determinazione con le quali l'aveva affrontata. Sapevamo della lotta che stava conducendo e del "percorso a ostacoli" che stava attraversando, ma la notizia della sua scomparsa ci ha colti ugualmente impreparati, incapaci di credere che non lo avremmo più avuto al fianco nelle nostre vite. Perché Paolo oltre ad essere il collega preparato con il quale era piacevole e stimolante discutere su ogni aspetto della disciplina, era anche l'Amico sincero, sempre pronto ad ascoltare e a incoraggiare. Il vuoto che ci ha lasciato è incolmabile, ma leggere e rileggere i suoi scritti ci ha aiutato in questi anni a rendere il distacco meno doloroso, a continuare a dialogare con lui in una forma nuova, inaspettatamente ricca di emozioni e significati, appagante. È difficile descrivere l'emozione che ci ha colti nel leggere insieme per la prima volta le pagine inedite di Paolo, che la moglie Sandra ci ha donato affinché le componessimo in un libro. La sua scrittura così nitida ed efficace ci ha riportati indietro nel tempo a quelle discussioni infinite e stimolanti, che ci lasciavano spesso esausti, ma consapevoli di aver arricchito il nostro bagaglio culturale e umano. Non è nostra intenzione ricordare in queste righe il complesso e multiforme percorso scientifico di Paolo, già oggetto di riflessioni da parte di alcuni di noi, ma evocare la forza e l'attualità del suo pensiero. Nella serrata dialettica fra passato e presente, che è la cifra costante dell'opera di Paolo, un aspetto ci piace evidenziare, frutto delle continue riflessioni sulle dinamiche dell'irradiazione fenicia in Occidente: la visione del Mediterraneo come punto d'incontro fra uomini di culture e lingue diverse animati dal desiderio di conoscersi e confrontarsi. Con Paolo condividiamo la certezza che la strada segnata dai naviganti del passato sia l'unica percorribile, perché su quella strada si è innestato "un potente e inarrestabile processo di conoscenza e di crescita"; allo stesso tempo condividiamo le sue apprensioni perché quel percorso si è oggi drammaticamente incrinato. Dare voce al suo pensiero per un mondo condiviso e non lacerato dagli egoismi individuali crediamo sia il modo migliore per ricordarlo. Siamo grati ai molti amici e colleghi che hanno aderito con trasporto a questa iniziativa, consapevoli che le pagine seguenti non possono dare conto di tutte le relazioni professionali e personali intrattenute da Paolo nel corso della sua lunga e intensa carriera; in particolare il nostro riconoscente pensiero va a Mario Torelli per il toccante ricordo che ha voluto dedicare al "suo allievo" Paolo e che apre questo volume. Siamo comunque sicuri che a questi scritti tanti altri se ne aggiungeranno, perché con Paolo vorremo dialogare ancora intensamente e a lungo.
50 years of case law on dredging disputes, 2022
This article reviews various court cases over the past 50 years and considers their influence on marine infrastructure contracts and the allocation of risk between contract parties. The establishment of case law and legal precedent is an ever-evolving process, it being dependent on claimants to put their disputes through the court process to seek the outcome they desire. It is often a long and costly process. The rise of adjudication in various common law jurisdictions and countries means that often disputes are resolved without recourse to the courts and various industry standard contracts have arbitration as the final and binding mechanism to resolve disputes.
2022
The thesis before the reader questions the continuity between the Kantian System of Ethics and the duty of love to other human beings as propounded in Immanuel Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals. It is argued that the nature of Reason, maximen, duties and love in the works of Kant ought to be interpreted as herein presented for coherence to be preserved. Namely, it is suggested to associate maximen with reasons, as perceived by contemporary philosophical discourse in metaethics. Inasmuch as reasons are considered to be the sources of normativity it is argued that Reason cannot but settle with the role of a proviso for reasons to be able to aspire of any impact on decision making. Hence, should the binding nature of duties rest on pro tanto concurrent reasons and love in Metaphysics of Morals have the same connotation either as a maxim or as a duty, ultimately, love must be the source of normativity in ethics as the ever-deciding reason of the pro tanto concurrent ones, for it provides the only alternative that is compatible with the Kantian dictum that a moral conduct must be willed for the sake of duty.
Les présents travaux ont été menés dans le cadre de l'accroissement durable de la production de bananier plantain et de la stratégie de sécurité alimentaire en Côte d'ivoire. Dans cette perspective, la gestion culturale des nématodes phytoparasites par la replantation annuelle de la culture de bananiers plantains a été évaluée. En condition de culture de contre saison, la variété CORNE 1 a été plantée à haute densité (2500 plants/ha) dans un dispositif impliquant quatre traitements : culture continue sans nématicide, culture continue avec nématicide, culture replantée avec nématicide et culture replantée sans nématicide. La replantation a eu lieu à 0,8 m du pied fructifère de la saison de culture qui a été déraciné avec les rejets successeurs. L'essai a duré trois cycles de culture. La culture replantée a permis d'obtenir des rendements élevés, 35,08 t/ha et 34,26 t/ha respectivement au 2ème et 3ème cycle de culture. Les rendements en culture replantés sont statistiquement comparables à celui obtenu à la première année de culture (35 t/ha). Par contre, en culture continue, des baisses de rendements de 41,4 % et 63,5 % ont été enregistrées respectivement au 2ème et 3ème cycle de culture. Par rapport à la
Degres Journal ISSN NO:0376-8163, 2024
International journal of engineering pedadogy, 2024
"Tempi di Unità", Periodico della Comunità di Gesù - n. 2 Febbraio 2005.
International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 2009
Alea. Estudos Neolatinos
Scientific African, 2024
Plant Cell Reports, 2007
Archivos de bronconeumologia, 2018
Supportive Care in Cancer
The First Outstanding 50 Years of “Università Politecnica delle Marche”, 2019
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi Asia, 2017