2011

Aim To investigate whether the association between exposure to smoking in movies and smoking among youth is independent of cultural context. Method Cross-sectional survey of 16 551 pupils recruited in Germany, Iceland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Scotland with a mean age of 13.4 years (SD¼1.18) and an equal gender distribution. Schoolbased surveys were conducted between November 2009 and June 2010. Using previously validated methods, exposure to movie smoking was estimated from the 250 top-grossing movies of each country (years 2004e2009) and related to ever smoking. Results Overall, 29% of the sample had tried smoking. The sample quartile (Q) of movie smoking exposure was significantly associated with the prevalence of ever smoking: 14% of adolescents in Q1 had tried smoking, 21% in Q2, 29% in Q3 and 36% in Q4. After controlling for age, gender, family affluence, school performance, television screen time, number of movies seen, sensation seeking and rebelliousness and smoking within the social environment (peers, parents and siblings), the adjusted ORs for having tried smoking in the entire sample were 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.5) for adolescents in Q2, 1.6 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.9) for Q3 and 1.7 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.0) for Q4 compared with Q1. The adjusted relationship between ever smoking and higher movie smoking exposure levels was significant in all countries with a non-linear association in Italy and Poland. Conclusions The link between smoking in movies and adolescent smoking is robust and transcends different cultural contexts. Limiting young people's exposure to movie smoking could have important public health implications.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2007

Background-Studies have linked exposure to movie smoking and smoking initiation among U.S. adolescents, but there has been only one published study of adolescents outside the U.S.

The Lancet, 2003

Journal of Health Communication, 2012

The authors investigated the association between exposure to smoking in movies and the initiation and progression of adolescent smoking over time among 6,522 U.S. adolescents (between the ages of 10 and 14 years, at baseline) in a nationally representative, 4-wave random-digit-dial telephone survey. They conducted a hazard (survival) analysis testing whether exposure to movie smoking and demographic, personality, social, and structural factors predict (a) earlier smoking onset and (b) faster transition to experimental (1-99 cigarettes/lifetime) and established smoking (>100 cigarettes/lifetime). Results suggest that higher exposure to movie smoking is associated with less time to trying cigarettes for the first time (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.66; 95% CI [1.37, 2.01]) but not with faster escalation of smoking behavior following initiation (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.53; 95% CI [0.84, 2.79]). In contrast, age, peer smoking, parenting style, and availability of cigarettes in the home were predictors of earlier onset and faster transition to established smoking. Thus, the authors concluded that the effect of exposure to mass-mediated images of smoking in movies may decline once adolescents have started to smoke, whereas peers and access to tobacco remain influential.

PEDIATRICS, 2009

OBJECTIVE-Movie smoking exposure is a strong predictor of smoking initiation by adolescents; however, we do not know whether it is a long-term predictor of established smoking. We conducted a prospective study to determine whether movie smoking exposure during early adolescence predicts established smoking in older teens and young adults.

Мисъл, слово, текст, том 1 (7) нова серия., 2021

Статията си поставя за цел да представи впечатленията на Мария Каролина (сестра на княз Александър I Батенберг) по време на пътуването ѝ в България. Нейните описания на българската природа и православни манастири са контекстуализирани

Jalisco a Medio Camino, Balance parcial 2018-2022, Volumen I. Políticas públicas locales, 2023

Lo que distingue al área metropolitana de Guadalajara (AMG) del resto de áreas metropolitanas mexicanas es su modelo de gobernanza, único en México. Este artículo pretende dar cuenta de los principales avances y retos del AMG durante la primera mitad de la administración del actual gobierno del estado. Si bien es cierto que el AMG surgió desde hace más de una década, en 2011, cuando se promulgó la Ley de Coordinación Metropolitana, es innegable su impulso en el último lustro, cuando muchos de los mecanismos institucionales contemplados en la legislación vigente se han implementado, ubicando a Guadalajara como un referente no solo del país, sino de América Latina.

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly

The subject of nanomedicine has seen a surge in research activity over the past decade, with nanofibers being a particularly active field. Nanofibers are solid, dry fibers with nanometer diameters, made of various polymers, whereas electrospinning is a versatile, simple, elegant, reproducible, continuous and scalable technology for their preparation. Nanofibers are a unique class of materials in the biomedical field, since they provide a biomimetic environment on the nanometer scale, a three-dimensional architecture with the desired surface properties on the micrometer scale, combined with mechanical strength and physiological acceptability on the macro scale. In particular, their ability to imitate the fibrillar elements of a natural extracellular matrix in a very realistic way is crucial. In this paper we introduce the fundamental aspects of the electrospinning process and the properties of nanofibers, as well as highlighting the enormous potential of nanofibers as drug-delivery s...

Laberintos nº 25, 2023

Reseña del libro de Germán Ramírez, Religión, patria, Exilio. Joaquín Lorenzo Villanueva y el primer liberalismo español (1757-1837), Zaragoza, PUZ, 2022.