FIGURE E1. Surface temperature anomalies (°C, top) and surface temperature expressed as percentiles of the normal (Gaussian) distribution fit to the 1981-2010 base period data (bottom). Analysis is based on station data over land and on SST data over the oceans (top). Anomalies for station data are departures from the 1981-2010 base period means, while SST anomalies are departures from the 1981-2010 adjusted OI climatology. (Smith and Reynolds 1998, J. Climate, 11, 3320-3323). Regions with insufficient data for analysis in both figures are indicated by shading in the top figure only.