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The Georgics
The Georgics
The Georgics
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The Georgics

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Release dateNov 27, 2013
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Virgil

Publius Vergilius Maro – or Virgil – was born near Mantua in 70 BC and was brought up there, although he attended schools in Cremona and Rome. Virgil’s rural upbringing and his affinity with the countryside are evident in his earliest work, the Eclogues, a collection of ten pastoral poems. As an adult Virgil lived mostly in Naples, although he spent time in Rome and belonged to the circle of influential poets that included Horace. He also had connections to leading men within the senatorial class and to the Emperor Augustus himself. Following the Eclogues, Virgil wrote the Georgics, a didactic poem, and thereafter began his longest and most ambitious work, the Aeneid. He died in Brindisi in 19 BC.

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    The Georgics - Virgil

    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Georgics, by Virgil

    This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

    almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or

    re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

    with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net

    Title: The Georgics

    Author: Virgil

    Release Date: March 10, 2008 [EBook #232]

    Language: English

    *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GEORGICS ***

    29 BC

    THE GEORGICS

    by Virgil

    GEORGIC I

    What makes the cornfield smile; beneath what star

    Maecenas, it is meet to turn the sod

    Or marry elm with vine; how tend the steer;

    What pains for cattle-keeping, or what proof

    Of patient trial serves for thrifty bees;-

    Such are my themes.

    O universal lights

    Most glorious! ye that lead the gliding year

    Along the sky, Liber and Ceres mild,

    If by your bounty holpen earth once changed

    Chaonian acorn for the plump wheat-ear,

    And mingled with the grape, your new-found gift,

    The draughts of Achelous; and ye Fauns

    To rustics ever kind, come foot it, Fauns

    And Dryad-maids together; your gifts I sing.

    And thou, for whose delight the war-horse first

    Sprang from earth's womb at thy great trident's stroke,

    Neptune; and haunter of the groves, for whom

    Three hundred snow-white heifers browse the brakes,

    The fertile brakes of Ceos; and clothed in power,

    Thy native forest and Lycean lawns,

    Pan, shepherd-god, forsaking, as the love

    Of thine own Maenalus constrains thee, hear

    And help, O lord of Tegea! And thou, too,

    Minerva, from whose hand the olive sprung;

    And boy-discoverer of the curved plough;

    And, bearing a young cypress root-uptorn,

    Silvanus, and Gods all and Goddesses,

    Who make the fields your care, both ye who nurse

    The tender unsown increase, and from heaven

    Shed on man's sowing the riches of your rain:

    And thou, even thou, of whom we know not yet

    What mansion of the skies shall hold thee soon,

    Whether to watch o'er cities be thy will,

    Great Caesar, and to take the earth in charge,

    That so the mighty world may welcome thee

    Lord of her increase, master of her times,

    Binding thy mother's myrtle round thy brow,

    Or as the boundless ocean's God thou come,

    Sole dread of seamen, till far Thule bow

    Before thee, and Tethys win thee to her son

    With all her waves for dower; or as a star

    Lend thy fresh beams our lagging months to cheer,

    Where 'twixt the Maid and those pursuing Claws

    A space is opening; see! red Scorpio's self

    His arms draws in, yea, and hath left thee more

    Than thy full meed of heaven: be what thou wilt-

    For neither Tartarus hopes to call thee king,

    Nor may so dire a lust of sovereignty

    E'er light upon thee, howso Greece admire

    Elysium's fields, and Proserpine not heed

    Her mother's voice entreating to return-

    Vouchsafe a prosperous voyage, and smile on this

    My bold endeavour, and pitying, even as I,

    These poor way-wildered swains, at once begin,

    Grow timely used unto the voice of prayer.

    In early spring-tide, when the icy drip

    Melts from the mountains hoar, and Zephyr's breath

    Unbinds the crumbling clod, even then 'tis time;

    Press deep your plough behind the groaning ox,

    And teach the furrow-burnished share to shine.

    That land the craving farmer's prayer fulfils,

    Which twice the sunshine, twice the frost has felt;

    Ay, that's the land whose boundless harvest-crops

    Burst, see! the barns.

    But ere our metal cleave

    An unknown surface, heed we to forelearn

    The winds and varying temper of the sky,

    The lineal tilth and habits of the spot,

    What every region yields, and what denies.

    Here blithelier springs the corn, and here the grape,

    There earth is green with tender growth of trees

    And grass unbidden. See how from Tmolus comes

    The saffron's fragrance, ivory from Ind,

    From Saba's weakling sons their frankincense,

    Iron from the naked Chalybs, castor rank

    From Pontus, from Epirus the prize-palms

    O' the mares of Elis.

    Such the eternal bond

    And such the laws by Nature's hand imposed

    On clime and clime, e'er since the primal dawn

    When old Deucalion on the unpeopled earth

    Cast stones, whence men, a flinty race, were reared.

    Up then! if fat the soil, let sturdy bulls

    Upturn it from the year's first opening months,

    And let the clods lie bare till baked to dust

    By the ripe suns of summer; but if the earth

    Less fruitful just ere Arcturus rise

    With shallower trench uptilt it- 'twill suffice;

    There, lest weeds choke the crop's luxuriance, here,

    Lest the scant moisture fail the barren sand.

    Then thou shalt suffer in alternate years

    The new-reaped fields to rest, and on the plain

    A crust of sloth to harden; or, when stars

    Are changed in heaven, there sow the golden grain

    Where erst, luxuriant with its quivering pod,

    Pulse, or the slender vetch-crop, thou hast cleared,

    And lupin sour, whose brittle stalks arise,

    A hurtling forest. For the plain is parched

    By flax-crop, parched by oats, by poppies parched

    In Lethe-slumber drenched. Nathless by change

    The travailing earth is lightened, but stint not

    With refuse rich to soak the thirsty soil,

    And shower foul ashes o'er the exhausted fields.

    Thus by rotation like repose is gained,

    Nor earth meanwhile uneared and thankless left.

    Oft, too, 'twill boot to fire the naked fields,

    And the light stubble burn with crackling flames;

    Whether that earth therefrom some hidden strength

    And fattening food derives, or that the fire

    Bakes every blemish out, and sweats away

    Each useless humour, or that the heat unlocks

    New passages and secret pores, whereby

    Their life-juice to the tender blades may win;

    Or that it hardens more and helps to bind

    The gaping veins, lest penetrating showers,

    Or fierce sun's ravening might, or searching blast

    Of the keen north should sear them. Well, I wot,

    He serves the fields who with his harrow breaks

    The sluggish clods, and hurdles osier-twined

    Hales o'er them; from the far Olympian height

    Him golden Ceres not in vain regards;

    And he, who having ploughed the fallow plain

    And heaved its furrowy ridges, turns once more

    Cross-wise his shattering share, with stroke on stroke

    The earth assails, and makes the field his thrall.

    Pray for wet summers and for winters fine,

    Ye husbandmen; in winter's dust the crops

    Exceedingly rejoice, the field hath joy;

    No tilth makes Mysia lift her head so high,

    Nor Gargarus his own harvests so admire.

    Why tell of him, who, having launched his seed,

    Sets on for close encounter, and rakes smooth

    The dry dust hillocks, then on the tender corn

    Lets in the flood, whose waters follow fain;

    And when the parched field quivers, and all the blades

    Are dying, from the brow of its hill-bed,

    See! see! he lures the runnel; down it falls,

    Waking hoarse murmurs o'er the polished stones,

    And with its bubblings slakes the thirsty fields?

    Or why of him, who lest the heavy ears

    O'erweigh the stalk, while yet in tender blade

    Feeds down the crop's luxuriance, when its growth

    First tops the furrows? Why of him who drains

    The marsh-land's gathered ooze through soaking sand,

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