Part I

Getting Started with Joomla

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In this part . . .

This part is where you begin putting Joomla to work. First, we give you an overview of Joomla as it’s used today around the world. Then we show you how to get and install Joomla.

Finally, we dig into Joomla by helping you master the home page of any Joomla site — that’s the front page, in Joomla lingo. You see how to add your own text to the front page, change the front page’s logo, sling the menu items around, and more.

Chapter 1

Essential Joomla

In This Chapter

arrow Discovering Joomla

arrow Viewing some example sites

arrow Knowing what content management systems do

arrow Finding out why Joomla is so popular

arrow Preparing to use Joomla

The head Web designer walks into your sumptuous office and says, We landed the MegaSuperDuperCo account.

That’s good, you say.

They want you to design their new Web site.

That’s good, you say.

They want to use a CMS.

That’s bad, you say.

What’s the problem? the head Web designer asks.

You shift uncomfortably. Well, I have no idea what a CMS is.

The head Web designer laughs. That’s no problem. It’s a content management system. You know — like Joomla.

Like whomla? you ask.

The head Web designer tosses a folder on your desk. Take a look at these sample sites. Joomla provides an easy framework for managing the content of your Web site. You type in the content, and Joomla takes care of displaying it for you.

You pick up your cup of coffee as the head Web designer leaves and start leafing through the pages. Some of the Web sites are snazzy. Then you turn to your computer and start entering URLs. Welcome to Joomla!

What Joomla Can Do for You

Joomla is a content management system (CMS). Using a CMS means that after you set the site up, you (or your clients) are responsible only for entering text and figures. Joomla arranges the content, makes it searchable, displays it, and generally manages the site, so you need little or no technical expertise to create and operate it.

This isn’t to say that no skill is involved in putting a Joomla site together — far from it! But after you set up your Joomla site, daily maintenance and updates are a breeze, and can be as easy as copying and pasting content into Joomla’s Article Manager. With the click of a few options the stories are published — no fuss, no muss. Sounds pretty good, hmm?

Sample Joomla Sites

A great way to get to know Joomla is to take a look at what it’s capable of doing, which means taking a look at some Joomla-powered sites. The following sections introduce a few examples.

Oklahoma State University

First, check out the Oklahoma State University Web site at http://osu.okstate.edu/welcome/ (see Figure 1-1). The home page has a custom logo, a navigation bar of drop-down menus across the top, an eye-catching Flash-based photo gallery, an integrated Google search field, and a second bar of navigation options at the bottom.

Figure 1-1: The official Oklahoma State University Web site.

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The site is well balanced, giving the impression of professionalism, and it’s powered by Joomla, which is operating behind the scenes. You can’t tell just by looking that the content of the page — the text, photos, and menus — is actually stored in a database. Joomla handles all the details.

NZMac.com

Another Joomla-powered site is NZMac.com, which caters to the New Zealand Macintosh community, at www.nzmac.com (see Figure 1-2).

NZMac.com is another good site, featuring a top menu bar, opinion polls, a news blog, a section for off-site links, and even a products review section box. This site is also powered by Joomla, even though it looks different from the Oklahoma State University site. This difference is one of the strengths of Joomla: It’s easy to customize.

Figure 1-2: The New Zealand Macintosh community’s Web site.

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Royal Oak Public Library

Now take a look at www.ropl.org, the Royal Oak (Michigan) Public Library site (see Figure 1-3).

Figure 1-3: The Royal Oak Public Library Web site.

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This site is well designed and easy to navigate, and boasts plenty of fresh content. Joomla excels at keeping site content up to date and makes the process easy.

Jenerate.com

Another good example is Jenerate.com at www.jenerate.com (see Figure 1-4).

Figure 1-4: The Jenerate.com Web site.

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All these Web sites look professional, and they also look different, yet they all use Joomla as their content management system. So just what is a CMS, and how does it work?

All about Content Management Systems

When the Web was young, static Web pages were all that anyone needed. These pages could be hand-coded in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) for display in a browser, like this:

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That kind of page served its purpose well for small sites. It gave people a Web presence and allowed them to display some images or maybe even add a little JavaScript to bring the page to life.

As the Web grew and pages got larger and larger, however, people discovered an inherent problem: They had to mix the HTML that handled the visual presentation in a browser with the data that was displayed. This mix made Web pages hard to maintain and update, because site owners were working with both text data and HTML.

Good: Web pages with CSS

To handle this issue, Web designers created Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). CSS became primarily responsible for presenting the data in a Web page, although that page was still written in HTML, as follows:

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Now the presentation details were separated from the formal HTML structure of a page — tags such as , , and . The actual content of the page, though, was still wrapped up in the HTML; site owners had to format the content by putting in the HTML tags. In other words, the addition of CSS removed the presentation details from the rest of the Web page but hadn’t yet separated the content from the HTML.

That situation was a problem for nontechnical people, who didn’t want to have to fit their text into HTML tags. After all, when someone writes a book report, he doesn’t have to worry about enclosing each paragraph in

elements or styling text with

Better: Dynamic Web pages via CMS

The whole idea of a CMS is to separate as much of the content as possible from the presentation details, which means that you don’t have to embed HTML tags in the content you want to display. The CMS does all that for you. You just have to write your Web site’s content, much as you would in a word processor. The CMS adds the CSS (from the Web-site templates you’ve decided on) and creates the actual HTML that goes to the browser, like this:

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In this scenario, you’re responsible for only the content of your Web site; the CMS handles all the presentation details. That’s the way things should be. Content should be king.

The upshot is that you end up writing what you want to say on your Web site and format it as you like, making text italic, large, small, or bold, just as you’d see in a word processor. The CMS takes what you write and displays it in a browser, using the Web-page templates you’ve selected and making hand-coded HTML and CSS obsolete.

Pretty cool, eh?

Reasons to Choose Joomla

The CMS of choice these days is Joomla. In 2010, Wikipedia listed 102 free and open-source CMSes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_content_management_systems). Joomla was the most popular of them in terms of number of installations. A Google search for content management system, also queried in 2010, returned Joomla first (following two generic Wikipedia articles), and a Google search for Joomla produced a mere 93.4 million hits, making this CMS more popular than apples (32.4 million hits) and oranges (12.8 million hits) put together.

What makes Joomla so popular? One reason is that it’s free — but you can find dozens of free CMSes. Another reason is that it’s been around for a long time — but dozens of other CMSes have been around for years as well. The following sections describe a few better reasons.

Loyal users

Joomla has a very loyal user base, with dedicated Joomla users around the world creating a strong community. That community in turn has created thousands of items to extend Joomla — templates, components, modules, plug-ins, and so on — just waiting for you to use. Finally, this thriving community specializes in providing help to novices, so when you use Joomla, you’re never alone.

Ease of use

Joomla is super-powerful, easy to use, and loaded with tons of extras (and even more tons of extras are available for download). Using Joomla makes creating a professional Web site nearly as easy as printing a word processing document.

Minimal learning curve

Although Joomla involves a small learning curve, after you master a few basic skills, building and maintaining a Web site is easy. The technical expertise you need is minimal compared with the requirements of other CMSes.

Other advantages

Here are some other advantages of Joomla:

check.png Intuitive interface and management panel

check.png What-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) editing

check.png Rich formatting capabilities

check.png Thousands of downloadable templates

check.png Full text searches

check.png Plug-ins for commercial sites, including complete shopping carts

check.png Search-engine optimization features

check.png Scheduled publishing

Where to Jump into Joomla

The main Joomla site is www.joomla.org (see Figure 1-5). This site is where you’ll get your copy of Joomla; it’s also your source for downloads and a great deal of help.

Figure 1-5: The official Joomla Web site.

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When you install Joomla, you see the default Web site shown in Figure 1-6, which is populated with all kinds of sample content.

Figure 1-6: The default appearance of a Joomla site.

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Our job in this book is to help you understand and customize what you see in this figure so that you can create stunning Web sites.

Chapter 2

Getting and Installing Joomla

In This Chapter

arrow Downloading and installing Joomla

arrow Putting Joomla on a hosting server

arrow Putting Joomla on your own computer

arrow Getting acquainted with your site

This chapter is all about installing Joomla. You have two main ways to do this: on remote hosts like Internet service providers (ISPs) and on your local machine. I discuss both met hods in this chapter.

If you plan to install Joomla on a host server, you need to make sure that the host you choose meets several requirements, which I discuss in the Online requirements section of this chapter. You also need to become comfortable working with a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) client, because you use an FTP client to copy files from one computer to another over the Internet. (I also discuss FTP throughout the chapter.)

If you plan to do a lot of work with Joomla, however, installing it on your personal computer is a great idea. By doing so, you streamline your development process, and you save a lot of time because you don’t have wait for a remote server to respond to every little change you make in your Joomla site.

tip.eps You may even choose to use both local and remote installations of Joomla. You may find that fine-tuning your site is much easier if you have a local installation of Joomla as well as a remote one. Both local and remote installations of Joomla are covered in this chapter.

So will you perform an online installation, install Joomla on your local machine, or go for broke by installing both remotely and locally? The choice is yours. But first things first: For starters, you have to get Joomla.

Getting Joomla

Good news! You can get Joomla for free at www.joomla.org.

Joomla is distributed as a compressed file, with the file’s name reflecting the version of Joomla you’re downloading. The version number changes often to reflect small upgrades. You may download Joomla Version 1.6, for example, but should you go back to download Joomla again a month from now, the version number could be something like 1.6.1, indicating that the software has been tweaked to make it even better than before.

remember.eps To work with the examples in this book, make sure that you download Version 1.6 or later.

Downloading the software

To download the software, follow these steps:

1. Go to Joomla’s home page (www.joomla.org), and click the Download Joomla icon in the top-right corner of the page.

The Joomla download page opens.

2. Depending on your operating system, do one of the following:

• Windows: If you’re downloading Joomla to a Windows computer running Windows XP, Vista, or Windows 7, click the Full Package link. Your browser asks you whether it should open or save the file. Choose the Save option, and save the file to a directory on your hard drive. Name the directory something clever like c:\joomla so that you can find it later.

• Mac OS X and Linux: If you’re using an operating system other than Windows, click the Download Other Joomla 1.6.x Packages link, and then select the appropriate tar.bz2 or tar.gz file. (Your choice depends on the operating system you use.) When your browser asks whether it should save or open the file, choose the Save option, and save the compressed file to your hard drive.

The actual download is surprisingly small — just over 7MB or less. A lot of functionality is packed into that small package, and to unleash it, you have to uncompress it.

Unzipping the software

Use your favorite uncompression utility, such as WinZip for Windows (www.winzip.com/index.htm) or StuffIt for Mac OS X (www.stuffit.com/v2/ to extract all the files inside the archive you downloaded. When you uncompress Joomla, it opens as a bunch of directories and files, as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1: Joomla unzipped.

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I won’t waste time going over the details of what each directory contains. One of the great things about Joomla is that it handles the details for you! Besides, given what I show you in this book, you rarely need to work with the directory structure directly (and when you do, I tell you exactly which directory you need to work with).

Checking minimum requirements

You can install Joomla remotely (on a host’s server) or locally (on your own computer). Either way, you have to meet Joomla’s minimum requirements so that you can actually run the installed program.

Online requirements

If you’re installing Joomla on an ISP’s server, check out the minimum Joomla requirements listed in Table 2-1. You need support for the PHP scripting language MySQL (future versions of Joomla may support other database systems) and a Web server such as Apache.

tip.eps You can check with your ISP to see whether it meets the minimum system requirements, but finding out can be difficult at times: ISPs often don’t make the version of their installed software public. The easy way is to just go ahead and try to install Joomla; the second step of the installation process (see Doing the preinstallation check, later in this chapter) tells you whether your host meets the minimum requirements.

Table 2-1

tip.eps For up-to-date information on Joomla’s requirements, visit www.joomla.org/technical-requirements.html.

Offline requirements

You can install Joomla on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X computers. Although the recommended Web-server software is Apache, you can also use Microsoft’s Internet Information Services (IIS), which many Windows users already have installed in Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7. In this book, however, I stick with