Zinkus.

INTRODUCTION

Milton, Massachusetts, is a well-placed and bucolic town located between the Neponset River and the Blue Hills Reservation. Adjacent to the city of Boston on the north, Quincy to the south and east and Canton to the west, Milton is only a few miles from Beacon Hill. It is located near Boston Harbor, to which it has water access through the Neponset River Estuary, and has sweeping panoramic views from Milton Hill. Milton is a welcoming town that embraces people from everywhere and creates a thriving nexus of people who continue to espouse Milton as the best place to live, being named in 2007 as one of the top ten places to live in the United States, according to Money Magazine.

Milton, Massachusetts, was settled in 1640 by Puritans who arrived from England and established Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. Incorporated in 1662 as an independent town from Dorchester, Massachusetts, it remains as such today, although it borders the city of Boston on the north along the Neponset River. For the first two centuries after its founding, Milton remained an agrarian community with farms and open lands, as well as industrial activity along the Neponset River at Milton Village, which included a gristmill in 1634, a gunpowder mill in 1674, a paper mill in 1728 and a chocolate mill in 1765, all of which are thought to be among the first of their kind in New England. By the mid-nineteenth century, Milton’s population began to steadily increase due to the ease of transportation of the Dorchester and Milton Branch of the Old Colony Railroad, which provided railway access to Boston with a depot at Mattapan Square and passenger stations at Central Avenue and Milton Village. Today, the former railroad line is perpetuated by the surface trolley connecting Ashmont Station and Mattapan Square and has stations on both the Dorchester and Milton sides of the river. A horse-drawn streetcar began running in 1856 from the Lower Mills to Boston via Dorchester Avenue (the former turnpike), so the ease of transportation increasingly allowed people of all walks of life to live in Milton but commute to the city for business, shopping or pleasure.

The Hoosic-Whisick Pines were in the Scots Woods area of Milton, near the Great Blue Hill, which can be seen in the distance. Ralph Houghton (1623–1705) had a farm in the area, and it was for him that Houghton’s Pond was named. Photographed in 1905 by Frederick Frizzell, this stand of pines would give its name to the golf club. Author’s collection.

In the May 12, 1883 edition of the Milton News, there appeared an editorial that is considered startlingly prophetic as to the rampant development that would ultimately occur in the town over the next century. It said,

Milton is so conveniently located near Boston that its growth as a dwelling place for people carrying on business in the metropolis is assured beyond a doubt. The only drawback to a rapid growth is the manifest desire of many land owners to keep their property out of the market and thereby preserve the antiquity of its topography…A truly good man will not monopolize all the eligible real estate for his own gratification alone, it will be either for the purpose of doing some good, real or imaginary to the community or town, or a combination of circumstances may draw him to withhold it for a better end.

By the mid-nineteenth century, Milton was no longer a rural farming town. Located just seven miles from Boston, the town had thriving commercial concerns along the Neponset River and businesses at Milton Village and East Milton. The Granite Railway Company had, since its inception in 1826, provided quarried granite for a multitude of purposes and could boast of being the first railway in the United States. From what was once a primarily agrarian community, Milton had by 1865 attracted many families that purchased the former farms to create gentlemen’s estates that dotted the town. These new residents were to create a network of families and friends that sought to retain the rural character of Milton, but by the early twentieth century, rampant development was taking place on all sides—in Dorchester, Mattapan and Hyde Park on the north of the river and Quincy on the south. The population increased steadily, and the town had become an affluent and desirable place of residence with proximity to the city.

The Eustis House was designed by William Ralph Emerson and built at 1426 Canton Avenue. The Eustis family had an extensive estate that also had outbuildings designed by owner William Ellery Channing Eustis and the house by the noted architect, who was the Father of Shingle-style Architecture. Today, it represents one of the last of the great estates of nineteenth-century Milton.

After World War I, many of the remaining farms and the large estates were to be subdivided and developed for residential development. Among these great estates was the Cunningham Estate on Edge Hill Road, which was sold in 1904 to the trustees of the Mary Cunningham Trust to become a park for the benefit of Milton residents, a role it still plays over a century after it was created. The estate was preserved virtually intact, with the mansion later being used as the Milton Convalescent Home and Hospital. Many large estates were systematically developed throughout the town, with house lots being laid out. By the Great Depression, tremendous changes were taking place in Milton. As historian Edward Pierce Hamilton said, by 1929 the whole character and aspect of our town [changed] in a very great increase in population. In some instances, areas were literally changed beyond recognition, while others had infill development that augmented the area usage with both residential and small commercial development. With the laying out of the Southeast Expressway through Milton in the 1950s, a wide swath was cut through East Milton, virtually dividing the area with a suppressed roadbed, ironically, along the path of the Granite Railway, the first railroad in the United States. Granite Avenue was, quite appropriately, to parallel the new highway, and the area of East Milton was to be reconfigured over the next few decades. Other areas of the town, among them Brush Hill, Scots Woods and upper Canton Avenue, remained largely intact, with minor infilling of residences, thereby preserving their semirural character.

The Suffolk Resolves House is the headquarters of the Milton Historical Society. Moved in 1950 from Milton Village (the site of the Citizens Bank), it stands at 1370 Canton Avenue, where it was restored by architect-engineer William Morris Hunt II.

One of Milton’s greatest claims to fame was that the Suffolk Resolves were signed in Milton in 1774 and were used as a model by the drafters of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Dr. Joseph Warren led the delegates, who began their resolves that We acknowledge George III to be our rightful sovereign but were highly important, outspoken and decisive in their impact. The Daniel Vose House, where the Resolves were accepted and signed by forty delegates before being taken by Paul Revere to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia, still stands and is the headquarters of the Milton Historical Society.

Chapter 1

ARTISTS AND ARCHITECTS

LYDIA SMITH RUSSELL

Lydia Smith Russell was a noteworthy woman even in her own time. An accomplished artist (she had been presented with a medal for drawing from the Emperor Napoleon I), she studied with both Gilbert Stuart and Benjamin West in Boston and with Madame Capan in Paris, where it was her philosophy to not give away to a belief of the impossibility of uniting, in a girl perfectly educated, accomplishments and duties, which general opinion falsely deems incompatible.

Lydia Smith Russell (1786–1859) was the daughter of Barney and Ann Otis Smith, who lived at Unquety, the former Governor Hutchinson house on Adams Street on Milton Hill. Smith, a wealthy Boston importer of English goods, had purchased the property in 1812 from the estate of Patrick Jeffrey, the former steward of Madame Haley of London, as a home upon his return from Europe. Shortly thereafter, according to Teele’s History of Milton, he had not been long on occupation of the place before he began to improve it. He erected the large piazza now standing, and removed the two small, inconvenient wings, which were built with the house and erected the commodious ones now standing, and built a long, circular shed near the north-west corner of the house. These improvements converted a house of ordinary appearance into an imposing structure, for those days.

Lydia Smith Russell (1786–1859) was an accomplished artist who studied art with masters both in Boston and abroad. She lived in Unquity, the Hutchinson Mansion on Milton Hill, and was said to be an accomplished lady of rare attainments. Collection of Bayou Bend, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.

Here his daughter Lydia lived prior to her marriage, and family and friends of the Smiths were entertained by the hospitality which always abounded in this mansion, drew a large circle of acquaintances around him, which made it a point of interest, to which many travelers of distinction resorted, where they were magnificently entertained. After almost two decades, the estate was purchased by the Honorable Jonathan Russell (1771–1832) and Lydia Smith Russell at auction in 1829. The Russells had lived abroad for many years, he serving as foreign consul and a minister to several European courts, including as charge d’affairs in Paris, London and Stockholm, and as commissioner to negotiated peace with Great Britain to end the War of 1812. Russell later served as a United States minister to Norway and Sweden from 1814 to 1818. Upon their return to this country, they lived in the mansion with every possible convenience. Russell served as a United States congressman from 1821 to 1823 and died in 1832 after a lingering illness. His widow remained in residence until her own death in 1859.

It was said of Lydia Russell that she was an accomplished lady of rare attainments [and] did not suffer the character of the house for hospitality and sociability to degenerate…She improved the place by setting out the elms on both sides of the street where the sycamores set out by Governor Hutchinson, some 100 years before, had died and the house, by making a new and convenient entrance on the south side, which added much to its general appearance and its comfort. The accompanying photograph is of an oval portrait of Lydia Russell, painted by George P.A. Healy (1813–1894) in Boston in 1845; it is today in Bayou Bend, the American Decorative Arts and Painting Collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, Texas. Painted a la turque as a widow, the severity of Lydia’s black gown is offset with a lace collar, and she wears a knotted, multicolored silk turban with tassels, often referred to as a mameluke, which was then the height of fashion. Said to be a worldly, cultured, well-educated artist, she lived in great style and entertained many guests, including friends from Europe such as, in 1849, the Swedish novelist Fredrika Bremer.

Upon her death, the estate was inherited by her children and the portrait was inherited by her daughter Rosalie G. Russell (1822–1887.) The estate was later subdivided, with Hutchinson Street laid out through the property and Russell and North Russell Streets, just west of the house, laid out and named for the family. The house and the portrait were to be inherited by Geraldine Russell Rivers, wife of the author and attorney George R.R. Rivers, Esq.

HAMMATT BILLINGS

Charles Howland Hammatt Billings (1818–1874) was the son of Ebenezer and Mary Davenport Billings who kept the Blue Hill Tavern on Canton Avenue in the early nineteenth century. The tavern had been built in 1681 by Roger Billings, but by the early 1820s, it had become an elegant tavern, boarding-house, and fruit gardens, kept by Ebenezer Billings, which is one of the most delightful summer retreats in this neighborhood.

Hammatt Billings, as he was to be known in his professional life, was apprenticed about 1830 to the noted wood engraver Abel Bowen, with whom he remained until 1837, when he joined the architectural office of Ammi Burnham Young, who was in the process of designing the Boston Custom House. With his training as an engraver, Mr. Billings was to become a capable designer and trained architect, so when he opened his own architectural office at 460 Washington Street in Boston (now the site of the Registry of Motor Vehicles at the Liberty Tree Building at Washington and Essex Streets) in 1843, he was well rounded in the various aspects of architectural design.