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    The Best of Uncle John's Bathroom Reader
    The Best of Uncle John's Bathroom Reader
    The Best of Uncle John's Bathroom Reader
    Ebook964 pages10 hours

    The Best of Uncle John's Bathroom Reader

    By Bathroom Readers' Institute

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    About this ebook

    Find out what millions of trivia lovers already know: Uncle John is your #1 source when it comes to throne-room reading entertainment. This book celebrates the very best articles from the BRI’s first ten years--plus 150 all-new pages! As always, the contents are divided by length: short articles for the reader on the go, medium articles if you have a few minutes to spare, and the extended sitting section for those truly leg-numbing experiences. Read about . . .

     

    * The origin of Twinkies
    * Who invented the Hula Hoop
    * The untold history of the Three Stooges
    * Space toilets: where no man has gone before
    * 1876: the year they stole the presidency
    * The FBI’s "Ten Most Wanted" list
    * How to start your own country
    * Celebrity imposters
    And much, much more!
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherPortable Press
    Release dateNov 1, 2012
    ISBN9781607106777
    The Best of Uncle John's Bathroom Reader
    Author

    Bathroom Readers' Institute

    The Bathroom Readers' Institute is a tight-knit group of loyal and skilled writers, researchers, and editors who have been working as a team for years. The BRI understands the habits of a very special market—Throne Sitters—and devotes itself to providing amazing facts and conversation pieces.

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      The Best of Uncle John's Bathroom Reader - Bathroom Readers' Institute

      INTRODUCTION

      T here are two kinds of people in the world—people who read in the bathroom, and people who don’t.

      That was how we began Uncle John’s Bathroom Reader in 1988. It seems like only yesterday that we plunged in…but nearly eight years have passed (so to speak). Back then, when we sat down to go to work, we figured a lot of people would go with the flow when we asked them to come out of the water closet and say it loud, ‘I read in there and I’m proud!’ But we had no idea just how strong the response would be. It bowled us over.

      Uncle John’s Bathroom Reader was so popular that we wrote a second volume…and then a third…and a fourth…until, today, there are seven volumes in print, with more than a million total copies sold. Clearly, we’ve flushed out a new silent majority.

      Now that we’ve hit the 1 million mark, we’ve decided to celebrate by rolling out our biggest book yet, The Best of Uncle John’s Bathroom Reader, complete with about 350 pages of classic entries from earlier editions, and 150 pages of new material.

      To tell the truth, it wasn’t easy going through seven volumes of Bathroom Readers and picking out the best stuff; everyone at the Bathroom Readers’ Institute has their own favorite chapters. You probably do, too. Hope we haven’t left yours out. (If so, let us know, so we can include it in a future "Best of.")

      One more thing: We’d like to thank the thousands of loyal Bathroom Reader fans who’ve written us over the years with questions, comments, and suggestions—many of which have ended up as chapters in our books. We couldn’t have done it without you.

      As we say at the Bathroom Readers’ Institute: Go With the Flow. And for everything so far, tanks a lot.

      —Uncle John & the In-House and Out-House Staff of the Bathroom Readers’ Institute

      BATHROOM LORE

      It seems appropriate to begin this volume with a little background on the room you’re probably sitting in right now.

      THE FIRST BATHROOM

      The idea of a separate room for the disposal of bodily waste goes back at least 10,000 years (to 8000 B.C.). On Orkney, an island off the coast of Scotland, the inhabitants, who lived in stone huts, created a drainage system that carried the waste directly into a nearby stream.

      THE FIRST SOPHISTICATED PLUMBING

      • Bathtubs dating back to 2000 B.C. have been found on the island of Crete (where there’s also evidence of the first flush toilet). Considering that they were built almost 4,000 years ago, the similarity to modern baths is startling.

      • Around 1500 B.C., elite Egyptians had hot and cold running water; it came into homes through a system of copper tubing or pipes.

      THE FIRST SOCIAL BATHING

      The ancient Romans took their bathing seriously, building public facilities wherever they settled—including London. The more elaborate of these included massage salons, food and wine, gardens, exercise rooms, and in at least one case, a public library. Coed bathing was not uncommon, nor frowned upon.

      A STEP BACKWARD

      • As Christianity became increasingly powerful, techniques of plumbing and waste disposal—and cleanliness in general—were forgotten; only in monasteries was this knowledge preserved.

      • For hundreds of years, people in Europe basically stopped washing their bodies, in large part because nudity—even for reasons of health or hygiene—was regarded as sinful by the Church.

      • In some cases, a reverence for dirt arose in its place. St. Francis of Assisi, for example, believed dirtiness was an insignia of holiness.

      • Upper-class citizens tried to cover up the inevitable body odors with clothes and perfume, but the rest of the population suffered with the rank smells of filth.

      First American to have plumbing installed in his home: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1840.

      CHAMBER POTS AND STREET ETIQUETTE

      • Until the early 1800s, Europeans relieved themselves in chamber pots, outhouses, streets, alleys, and anywhere else they happened to feel like it.

      • It was so common to relieve oneself in public that people were concerned about how to behave if they noticed acquaintances urinating or defecating on the street. Proper etiquette: Act like you don’t see them.

      • Chamber pots were used at night, or when it was too cold to go outside. Their contents were supposed to be picked up once a day by a waste man, who carted the community’s leavings to a public cesspool.

      • But frequently, the chamber pot was surreptitiously dumped at night, which made it dangerous to go strolling in the evening.

      DISEASE AND CHANGE

      The lack of bathing took an enormous toll on the European in the Middle Ages, as epidemics caused by unsanitary living conditions became rampant. But in the 1830s, a London outbreak of cholera—a disease the English believed could only be contracted by inferior races—finally convinced the government to put its power behind public sanitation. Over the next 50 years, the British built new public facilities that set the pace for the rest of the world.

      THE MODERN FLUSH TOILET

      The modern flush toilet was invented by an Englishman named Alexander Cumming in 1775. Cumming’s toilet emptied directly into a pipe, which then carried the undesirable matter to a cesspool. Other toilets had done this, too, but Cumming’s major improvement was the addition of a stink trap that kept water in the pipe and thus blocked odor.

      Note: It is widely believed that an Englishman named Thomas Crapper invented the toilet. That’s probably a myth. (See page 18.)

      HEAD FOR THE JOHN

      • In the mid-1500s in England, a chamber pot was referred to as a Jake. A hundred years later, it became a John, or Cousin John. In the mid-1800s, it was also dubbed a Joe.

      The first known contraceptive was crocodile dung, used by Egyptians in 2000 B.C.

      • That still may not be the source of the term John for the bathroom—it may date to the 1920s, when Men’s and Ladies’ rooms became common in public places. They were also referred to as Johns and Janes—presumably after John and Jane Doe.

      • The term potty comes from the pint-sized chamber pot built for kids.

      BATHROOMS

      • The bathroom we know—with a combination toilet and bath—didn’t exist until the 1850s. And then only for the rich.

      • Until then, the term bathroom—which came into use in the 1820s or 1830s—meant, literally, a room with a bathtub in it.

      A FEW AMERICAN FIRSTS

      • First American hotel with indoor modern bathrooms: The Tremont House in Boston, 1880s.

      • First toilet in the White House: 1825, installed for John Quincy Adams (leading to a new slang term for toilet—a quincy).

      • First city with modern waterworks: Philadelphia, 1820.

      • First city with a modern sewage system: Boston, 1823.

      THE FIRST TOILET PAPER

      • In ancient times, there was no T.P. Well-to-do Romans used sponges, wool, and rosewater. Everyone else used whatever was at hand, including sticks, stones, leaves, or dry bones. In the Middle Ages, nobles preferred silk or goose feathers (still attached to the pliable neck).

      • Toilet paper was introduced in America in 1857, as a package of loose sheets. But it was too much like the paper Americans already used—the Sears catalog. It flopped.

      • In 1879, an Englishman named Walter Alcock created the first perforated rolls of toilet paper. A year later, Philadelphia’s Scott Brothers saw the potential inthe U.S. for a product that would constantly have to be replaced. They introduced Waldorf Tissue (later Scott Tissue), which was discreetly sold in plain brown wrappers. The timing was right—by then there were enough bathrooms in America to make toilet tissue a success.

      Some starfish have eight eyes—one at the end of each leg.

      THOMAS CRAPPER: MYTH OR HERO?

      If our mail was any gauge, the most controversial tidbit in the first Bathroom Reader was our comment that the widely accepted notion that Thomas Crapper invented the toilet is a hoax. Readers sent all kinds of evidence proving that Crapper was real. But was he? Let’s take a closer look.

      FLUSHED WITH PRIDE

      The name Thomas Crapper appears to have been unknown among bathroom historians until 1969, when English writer Wallace Reyburn published a 99-page book entitled Flushed with Pride—The Story of Thomas Crapper.

      This biography (which Reyburn’s publisher calls The Little Classic of the Smallest Room) begins this way:

      Never has the saying ‘a prophet is without honor in his own land’ been more true than in the case of Thomas Crapper. Here was a man whose foresight, ingenuity, and perseverence brought to perfection one of the great boons to mankind. But is his name revered in the same way as, for example, that of the Earl of Sandwich?

      Of course not. Not, anyway, until Reyburn’s book was published.

      CRAPPER, THE MAN

      According to Reyburn:

      • Tom Crapper was born in 1837 and died in 1910.

      • He is responsible for many toilet innovations—including, as bathroomologist Pat Mitchell puts it, the toilets that flush in a rush seen in public restrooms today, and the…trap in plumbing that keeps sewer gas from rising into our homes.

      • But the most important of Crapper’s alleged accomplishments was Crapper’s Valveless Water Waste Preventer, an apparatus that made flushing more efficient. Cleaning Management magazine calls it the forerunner of our present-day flush system.

      • For this contribution, Crapper was supposedly appointed the Royal Plumber by King Edward VII.

      In 1980, the yellow pages accidentally listed a Texas funeral home under Frozen Foods.

      • Crapper’s name was stenciled on all the cisterns—and later, toilets—his company manufactured: T. Crapper & Co., Chelsea, London. American soldiers stationed in England during World War I began calling a toilet a crapper.

      FACT OR FICTION?

      Beats us. But here are a few things to consider:

      • The premier bathroom history, an impressive tome called Clean and Decent, makes absolutely no mention of Thomas Crapper.

      • Reyburn followed Flushed with Pride with another social history, entitled Bust Up: The Uplifting Tale of Titzling and the Development of the Bra.

      • Charles Panati, in Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things, notes that the accumulation of toilet-humor puns, double-entendres, and astonishing coincidences eventually reveals…Reyburn’s hoax. He offers some examples: He moved to London and eventually settled on Fleet Street, where he perfected the ‘Crapper W.C. Cistern after many dry runs’….The installation of a flushing toilet at the Royal Palace was ‘a high-water mark in Crapper’s career’…. He was particularly close with his niece, ‘Emma Crapper’, and had a friend named ‘B. S.’

      • On the other hand, Pat Mitchell sent us this information: It seems that in recent years, a certain Ken Grabowski, researcher at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, has unselfishly, unswervingly, and unrelentingly sought to uncover the truth. His findings? Indeed, there was a Thomas Crapper (1836-1910). And Crapper founded a London plumbing fixture company in 1861. His efforts did produce many improvements in the fixtures he manufactured. His company’s products (with his name upon them) were distributed all over Europe. Military barracks included. These were still there during World War I.

      CONCLUSION

      The Bathroom Readers Institute is stuck; we can’t relieve the tension or wipe away the rumors. The legend of Crapper seems to have survived all the stink made about his life. Or, as Pat Mitchell puts it, I’m not certain the legend can be killed, but if it could, does BRI want to be the executioner?

      The first sound recording ever made was Mary Had a Little Lamb, by Tom Edison in 1877.

      FREE ADVICE

      Here are some helpful hints from high-profile heavyweights From Friendly Advice, by Jon Winokur.

      Never kick a fresh turd on a hot day.

      —Harry S Truman

      Never say anything on the phone that you wouldn’t want your mother to hear at the trial.

      —Sydney Biddle Barrows, the Mayflower Madam

      You can get much further with a kind word and a gun than you can with a kind word alone.

      —Al Capone

      Never trust a man unless you’ve got his pecker in your pocket.

      —Lyndon Baines Johnson

      To succeed with the opposite sex, tell her you’re impotent. She can’t wait to disprove it.

      —Cary Grant

      Sleeping alone, except under doctor’s orders, does much harm. Children will tell you how lonely it is sleeping alone. If possible you should always sleep with someone you love. You recharge your mutual batteries free of charge.

      —Marlene Dietrich

      Anything worth doing is worth doing slowly.

      —Gypsy Rose Lee

      Don’t try to take on a new personality; it doesn’t work.

      —Richard Nixon

      There’s nothing to winning, really. That is, if you happen to be blessed with a keen eye, an agile mind, and no scruples whatsoever.

      —Alfred Hitchcock

      Rise early. Work late. Strike oil.

      —J. Paul Getty

      Don’t let your mouth write a check that your tail can’t cash

      —Bo Diddley

      Never eat at a place called Mom’s. Never play cards with a man named Doc. And never lie down with a woman who’s got more troubles than you.

      —Nelson Algren

      What is worth doing is worth the trouble of asking someone to do it.

      —Ambrose Bierce

      Genghis Khan’s cavalry rode female horses. Why? So soldiers could drink their milk.

      MYTH AMERICA

      You’ve believed these stories since you were a kid. Most Americans have, because they were taught to us as sacred truths. Well, sorry. Here’s another look.

      SAVAGES

      The Myth: Scalping was a brutal tactic invented by the Indians to terrorize the settlers.

      The Truth: Scalping was actually an old European tradition dating back hundreds of years. Dutch and English colonists were paid a scalp bounty by their leaders as a means of keeping the Indians scared and out of the way. Finally the Indians caught on and adopted the practice themselves. The settlers apparently forgot its origins and another falsehood about Indian cruelty was born.

      MOTHER OF THE FLAG

      The Myth: Betsy Ross, a Philidelphia seamstress, designed and sewed the first American flag at the behest of the Founding Fathers.

      Background: This story first surfaced in 1870 when Betsy Ross’s grandson told a meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Society that his grandmother had been asked to make a flag for the new nation. The tale must have touched a nerve, because it quickly spread and soon was regarded as the truth.

      The Truth: While Betsy Ross did in fact sew flags for the Pennsylvania Navy, there is no proof to back up her grandson’s tale. Ironically, no one is sure who designed the flag. The best guess is that the flag’s design is derived from a military banner carried during the American Revolution.

      MIDNIGHT RAMBLER

      The Myth: Paul Revere made a solitary, dramatic midnight ride to warn patriots in Lexington and Concord that the British were coming.

      Background: Revere’s effort was first glorified in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem, The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere. Longfellow may have written the ode out of guilt—his grandfather had tried to court-martial Revere during the Revolutionary War. The charge: Unsoldierly behavior tending toward cowardice. (Revere was not convicted.)

      On an average day, 102 people visit the Dr. Pepper Museum in Waco, Texas.

      The Truth: Paul Revere was actually one of two men who attempted the famous ride… and it was the other one, William Dawes, who made it to Concord. Revere didn’t make it—he was stopped by British troops. As for Revere’s patriotic motives: According to Patricia Lee Holt, in George Washington Had No Middle Name, Paul Revere billed the Massachusetts State House 10 pounds 4 shillings to cover his expenses for his ride.

      AMERICUS THE BEAUTIFUL

      The Myth: Amerigo Vespucci, a Florentine navigator, made four trips to the New World from 1497 to 1502. The newly discovered land was named in his honor.

      Background: Vespucci wrote an account of his four voyages. An Italian mapmaker was so impressed by it that he put Americus’s name on the first known map of the New World.

      The Truth: America is named after a probable fraud. Scholars doubt Vespucci made those trips at all.

      THANKSGIVING

      The Myth: The Pilgrims ate a Thanksgiving feast of turkey and pumpkin pie after their first year in the New World, and we’ve been doing it ever since.

      The Truth: Thanksgiving didn’t become a national holiday until Abraham Lincoln declared it in 1863, and the Pilgrims ate neither the bird we call turkey, nor pumpkin pie.

      TAKING A STAND

      The Myth: General George Armstrong Custer’s Last Stand at Little Bighorn was a heroic effort by a great soldier.

      The Truth: It wasn’t heroism, it was stupidity. Custer had unwarranted contempt for the American Indians’ fighting ability. His division was supposed to be a small part of a major attack, led by General Alfred Terry—who was planning to meet Custer in two days with his troops. Custer was instructed to wait for Terry. Instead, he led his 266 men into battle. They were all slaughtered.

      In Cleveland, Ohio, it’s illegal to catch mice without a hunting license.

      WORD PLAY

      What do these familiar phrases really mean? Etymologists have researched them and come up with these explanations.

      FLY OFF THE HANDLE

      Meaning: Get very angry, very quickly.

      Background: Refers to axe heads, which, in the days before mass merchandising, were sometimes fastened poorly to their handles. If one flew off while being used, it was a dangerous situation…with unpredictable results.

      HIGH ON THE HOG

      Meaning: Luxurious, prosperous.

      Background: The tastiest parts of a hog are its upper parts. If you’re living high on the hog, you’ve got the best it has to offer.

      PULL THE WOOL OVER SOMEONE’S EYES

      Meaning: Fool someone.

      Background: Goes back to the days when all gentlemen wore powdered wigs like the ones still worn by the judges in British courts. The word wool was then a popular, joking term for hair….The expression ‘pull the wool over his eyes’ came from the practice of tilting a man’s wig over his eyes, so he couldn’t see what was going on.

      HOOKER

      Meaning: Prostitute.

      Background: Although occasionally used before the Civil War, its widespread popularity can probably be traced to General Joseph Hooker, a Union soldier who was well-known for the liquor and whores in his camp. He was ultimately demoted, and Washington prostitutes were jokingly referred to as Hooker’s Division.

      LET THE CAT OUT OF THE BAG

      Meaning: Reveal the truth.

      Background: Refers to a con game practiced at country fairs in old England. A trickster tried to sell a cat in a burlap bag to an unwary bumpkin, saying it was a pig. If the victim figured out the trick and insisted on seeing the animal, the cat had to be let out of the bag.

      The largest painting on earth is a 72,437-square-foot smiley face.

      FAMOUS FOR 15 MINUTES

      We’ve included this feature—based on Andy Warhol’s comment that in the future, everyone will be famous for 15 minutes—in several Bathroom Readers. Here are some of the more memorable stars.

      THE HEADLINE: Man Saves President Ford’s Life by Deflecting Assassin’s Gun

      THE STAR: Oliver Sipple, an ex-marine living in San Francisco

      WHAT HAPPENED: President Gerald R. Ford was visiting San Francisco on September 22, 1975. As he crossed the street, a woman in the crowd, Sara Jane Moore, pulled out a gun and tried to shoot him. Fortunately, a bystander spotted Moore and managed to tackle her just as the gun went off. The bullet missed the president by only a few feet.

      Oliver Sipple, the bystander, was an instant hero—which was about the last thing he wanted. Reporters investigating his private life discovered that he was openly gay—a fact he’d hidden from his family in Detroit. Sipple pleaded with journalists not to write about his private life, but they ignored him. The next day, the Los Angeles Times ran a front-page story headlined Hero in Ford Shooting Active Among S.F. Gays.

      THE AFTERMATH: The incident ruined his life. When Sipple’s mother learned of his sexual orientation, she stopped speaking to him. And when she died in 1979, Sipple’s father would not let him attend the funeral. Sipple became an alcoholic. In 1979 he was found dead of natural causes in his apartment. He was 37.

      THE HEADLINE: New Jersey Student Makes Vice President Look Like a Foole

      THE STAR: William Figueroa, a 12-year-old student

      WHAT HAPPENED: In June 1992, Vice President Dan Quayle visited a Trenton, New Jersey, elementary school where a spelling bee was being held. Quayle took over. Reading from a cue card, Quayle asked Figueroa, a sixth-grader, to spell the word potato. The boy spelled the word correctly, but Quayle insisted that he change it, because potato was spelled with an ‘e’ at the end. I knew he was wrong, Figueroa later told reporters, but since he’s the vice president, I went and put the ‘e’ on, and he said, ‘That’s right, now go and sit down.’ Afterward, I went to a dictionary and there was potato like I spelled it.

      There are only 2 places in the world where men outlive women: southern Asia and Iran.

      THE AFTERMATH: Figueroa became an instant celebrity. Late Night with David Letterman had him on as a guest, and he was asked to lead the pledge of allegiance at the 1992 Democratic National Convention. Afterwards, an AM radio station paid him $50 a day to provide political commentary on the Republican National Convention. He was also hired as spokesperson for a company that makes a computer spelling program.

      THE HEADLINE: Small Man in Big Leagues: A Veeck Stunt

      THE STAR: Eddie Gaedel, a three-foot, seven-inch midget

      WHAT HAPPENED: It was a Sunday doubleheader with the Detroit Tigers on August 19, 1951, and the St. Louis Browns were celebrating the 50th anniversary of the American League. Between games, Brown owner Bill Veeck wheeled a huge cake out onto the field, and out jumped Eddie Gaedel, wearing a Browns uniform with the number 1/8 on it. During the first inning of the next game, Gaedel popped out of the dugout and informed the umpire he was pinch hitting. Challenged by the ump, Veeck produced a valid contract. Pitching is difficult as it is, but a batter under four feet tall has a strike zone of about 18 inches. Gaedel walked on four straight pitches. He then left for a pinch-runner.

      THE AFTERMATH: Gaedel made a quick $100 for his appearance, and American League president Will Harridge issued a solemn declaration barring midgets from baseball.

      THE HEADLINE: Amateur Captures Assassination on Film

      THE STAR: Abraham Zapruder, president of a ladies’ garment company headquartered in Dallas

      WHAT HAPPENED: On November 22, 1963, Abraham Zapruder and his secretary took the afternoon off to watch President John F. Kennedy’s motorcade pass through the streets of Dallas. Zapruder climbed up on top of a concrete abutment to wait for the presidential limousine. At 12:29 it finally appeared, and Zapruder began filming. As they were approaching where I was standing, I heard a shot….Then I heard another shot. It hit the president in the head and practically opened it up…I was still shooting the picture until he got under the underpass—I don’t even know how I did it.

      At this moment, nearly 2,000 thunderstorms are taking place around the world.

      THE AFTERMATH: Zapruder and his unique footage of the assassination instantly became world-famous. The film turned out to be a critical piece of evidence for the Warren Commission. And because it clearly shows Kennedy’s head jerking backward after the shots were fired, it introduced the possibility that more than one gunman was involved. (If Oswald had fired the fatal shot, the argument goes, JFK’s head would have jerked forward).

      After a round of interviews and appearances, Zapruder sold the original copy of the film for $25,000 to Time-Life, Inc. They turned it over to the National Archives. Zapruder died of cancer in 1970.

      THE HEADLINE: Lucky Fan Hits $1 Million Shot in Chicago

      THE STAR: Don Calhoun

      WHAT HAPPENED: On April 14, 1993, Calhoun, a 23-year-old office supply sales rep got a free ticket to an NBA game between the Miami Heat and the Chicago Bulls.

      As he headed for his seat, someone told him he’d been picked to take the Million Dollar Shot (a promotion sponsored by Coke and a local restaurant chain). He’d get to take one shot from the opposite foul line, 73 feet away, and try to sink a basket. The prize: $1 million. Eighteen people had already tried and failed.

      At first he didn’t want to do it—he even suggested that his friend make the shot instead. But the Bulls representative insisted. So during a time-out early in the third period, he was brought to the floor. He took one dribble, launched the ball, and…basket!

      THE AFTERMATH: Calhoun’s Cinderella story was on every sportscast that night. He did radio interviews, TV shows, even NBC’s Today show. His story got more interesting when it turned out that contest rules stipulated no one who’d played ball in college could participate—and Calhoun had played 11 games of college basketball. But the sponsors, wary of bad publicity, forked over the money anyway. Later, Calhoun joined the Harlem Globetrotters.

      Dr. Seuss coined the word nerd in his 1950 book If I Ran the Zoo.

      A FOOD IS BORN

      These foods are common, but you probably don’t know where they came from. Here are the answers.

      BAGELS

      According to The Bagels’ Bagel Book: "In 1683 in Vienna, Austria, a local Jewish baker wanted to thank the King of Poland for protecting his countrymen from Turkish invaders. He made a special hard roll in the shape of a riding stirrup—Beugel in German—commemorating the king’s favorite pastime, and giving the bagel its distinctive shape."

      MAYONNAISE

      Originally brought to France by Duc de Richelieu, who tasted it while visiting Mahon, a city on the island of Minorca. It was eventually dubbed Mahonaisse by French chefs, and was considered a delicacy in Europe. In America, it became known as mayonnaise, but for over a century was still regarded as suitable for only the most elegant meals. Finally, in 1912, Richard Hellman, a German immigrant, began packing it and selling it in jars from his New York deli. This transformed mayonnaise from a carefully prepared treat for the select few to a mass-merchandised condiment.

      GATORADE

      According to 60s!, by John and Gordon Javna: In 1965, Dr. Robert Cade was studying the effects of heat exhaustion on football players at the University of Florida (whose team name is the Gators). He analyzed the body liquids lost in sweating and within three minutes came up with the formula for Gatorade. Two years later, Cade sold the formula to Stokely-Van Camp. Soon, annual sales were well over $50 million and Gatorade could be found on the training tables of over 300 college sports teams, 1,000 high school squads, and all but 2 pro football teams.

      7-UP

      According to Parade magazine: In October 1929, just before the stock market crash, St. Louis businessman Charles L. Grigg began marketing a beverage called Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda. His slogan: ‘Takes the Ouch out of grouch.’ The drink was a huge success during the Depression, perhaps because it contained lithium, a powerful drug now prescribed for manic-depressives. The drink’s unwieldy name was later changed to 7-UP. The ‘7’ stood for its 7-ounce bottle, the ‘UP’ for ‘bottoms up,’ or for the bubbles rising from its heavy carbonation, which was later reduced. The lithium was listed on the label until the mid-’40s.

      Where does the word condom come from? Dr. Charles Condom (1630-1685).

      TEA BAGS

      In 1908, a New York tea importer mailed his customers free samples of tea, which he packaged in tiny silk bags. When customers wrote back asking for more of the bags, the importer realized they were using them to steep the tea…and began packaging all his tea that way.

      POPSICLES

      Eleven-year-old Frank Epperson accidentally left a mixture of powdered soda mix and water on his back porch one winter night in 1905. The next morning, he found the stuff frozen, with the stirring stick standing straight up in the jar. He pulled it out, and had the first Epperson icicle—or Epsicle. He later renamed it Popsicle, since he’d made it with soda pop. It was patented in 1923, 18 years later.

      THE ICE CREAM CONE

      It happened at the 1904 World’s Fair in Saint Louis (where the hot dog and the hamburger were also popularized). An ice cream vendor who was selling cups of the frozen dessert had so many customers in the hot weather that he ran out of cups. In desperation, he looked around to see if another nearby vendor might have some spare containers, but all he could find was a waffle concession. He quickly bought some waffles and began selling them wrapped around a scoop of ice cream. The substitute became even more popular than the original, and it spread around the country.

      DR. PEPPER

      In Virginia in the 1880s, a pharmacist’s assistant named Wade Morrison fell in love with his boss’s daughter. The pharmacist decided Morrison was too old for his daughter and encouraged him to move on. He did, settling down in Waco, Texas, where he bought his own drugstore. When one of his employees developed a new soft drink syrup, Morrison named it after the man who got him started in the pharmacy business—his old flame’s father, Dr. Kenneth Pepper.

      Sound familiar? Gorillas stick out their tongues when they’re angry.

      PRIMETIME PROVERBS

      TV comments about everyday life. From Prime Time Proverbs, by Jack Mingo and John Javna.

      ON FOOD

      Why am I bothering to eat this chocolate? I might as well apply it directly to my thighs.

      –Rhoda Morgenstern, Mary Tyler Moore Show

      Gracie: The reason I put the salt in the pepper shaker and the pepper in the salt shaker is that people are always getting them mixed up. Now when they get mixed up, they’ll be right.

      –Burns and Allen

      "Six years, and you haven’t learned anything—it’s white wine with Hershey Bars."

      –Harvey Barnes, Making the Grade

      ON THE BATTLE OF THE SEXES

      Early to bed, early to rise, and your girl goes out with other guys.

      –Bob Collins, Love That Bob

      Carmine and I have an understanding. I’m allowed to date other men, and he’s allowed to date ugly women.

      –Shirley Feeny, Laverne and Shirley

      ON MARRIED LIFE

      Edith: Do you like bein’ alone with me?

      Archie: Certainly I like being alone with you. What’s on television?

      –All in the Family

      ON MONEY

      There are two things [I won’t do for money]. I won’t kill for it and I won’t marry for it. Other than that, I’m open to about anything.

      –Jim Rockford, The Rockford Files

      CURRENT EVENTS

      What’s this I hear about making Puerto Rico a steak? The next thing they’ll be wanting is a salad, and then a baked potato.

      –Emily Litella (Gilda Radner), Saturday Night Live

      The heaviest dog on record was a St. Bernard that weighed 310 pounds.

      CR_ _ SW_ _ D P_ ZZL_ S

      Here’s an expanded version of a chapter that appeared in Uncle John’s Fourth Bathroom Reader.

      ORIGIN

      Arthur Wynne was a writer for the game page of the New York World at the turn of the 19th century. One winter afternoon in 1913, while trying to think up new types of games for the newspaper’s special Christmas edition, he came up with a way to adapt the word squares his grandfather had taught him when he was a boy. In a word square, all of the words in the square have to read the same horizontally and vertically, like the example below.

      But in the new puzzle Wynne came up with, the across words were different from the down words. It was more challenging, since there were more words to work on.

      Wynne’s puzzle, which he called a Word-Cross, debuted on Sunday December 21 as planned. And it was well-received. So many people wrote in to praise the puzzle that he put one in the paper the following Sunday, and again on the third Sunday.

      Reversal of Fortune

      Four weeks after the puzzle first appeared, typesetters at the newspaper inadvertantly transposed the words in the title to read Cross-Word. For some reason, the name stuck—and so did the puzzle. When the World tried to drop it a few months later, readers were so hostile that the paper reversed itself and decided to make it a permanent feature of the puzzle page instead.

      Though the puzzles were popular with readers, they were decidedly unpopular with editors. Crosswords were difficult to print and were plagued with typographical and other errors. In fact, no other newspaper wanted any part of them. So for the next 10 years, if you wanted to work on a crossword puzzle, you had to buy the World.

      According to Playboy magazine, 99% of cat and dog owners talk to their pets.

      ENTER SIMON AND SCHUSTER

      According to legend, in 1924 a young Columbia University graduate named Richard L. Simon went to dinner at his Aunt Wixie’s house. A World subscriber and a cross-word devotee, she asked where she could buy a book of crossword puzzles for her daughter. Simon, who was trying to break into the publishing business with college chum M. Lincoln Schuster, told her there were no such books…and then hit on the idea of publishing one himself.

      The next day, he and Schuster went to the World’s offices and made a deal with the paper’s crossword puzzle editors. They would pick the newspaper’s best crossword puzzles and pay $25 apiece for the rights to publish them in a book. The pair then used all their money to print The Cross Word Puzzle Book.

      HOT OFF THE PRESSES

      It was literally an overnight success. The World’s crossword puzzlers flocked to stores to get copies, and by the end of the year more than 300,000 crossword books had been sold.

      The book turned Simon & Schuster into a major publisher. (Today it’s the largest U.S. publishing house and the second-largest publisher on earth.) It also started a major craze. Crossword puzzles became a way of life in the 1920s. Newspapers started adding them to increase circulation. They inspired a Broadway hit called Games of 1925 and a hit song called Crossword Mama, You Puzzle Me. Sales of dictionaries soared, and foot traffic in libraries increased dramatically. Clothes made with black-and-white checked fabric were the rage. The B&O Railroad put dictionaries on all its mainline trains for crossword-crazy commuters.

      CROSSWORD CASUALTIES

      Some folks were driven over the edge by the craze. In 1924, a Chicago woman sued her husband for divorce, claiming he was so engrossed in solving crosswords that he didn’t have time to work. The judge ordered the man to limit himself to 3 puzzles a day and devote the rest of his time to domestic duties. In 1925, a New York Telephone Co. employee shot his wife when she wouldn’t help with a crossword puzzle. And in 1926, a Budapest man committed suicide, leaving an explanation in the form of a crossword puzzle. (No one could solve it.) Eventually, the craze died down. It took The New York Times to revive it. (See page 293 for the story.)

      Traffic report: Accidents rise 10% in the first week of daylight saving time.

      THE FIRST CROSSWORD PUZZLE

      BRI bonus: Here’s the very first crossword puzzle, designed by Arthur Wynne. It appeared in the New York World on December 21, 1913.

      The Solution:

      ACROSS

      2-3. What bargain hunters enjoy.

      4-5. A written acknowledgment.

      6-7. Such and nothing more.

      10-11. A bird.

      14-15. Opposed to less.

      18-19. What this puzzle is.

      22-23. An animal of prey.

      26-27. The close of a day.

      28-29. To elude.

      30-31. The plural of is.

      8-9. Cultivate

      12-13. A bar of wood or iron.

      16-17. What artists learn to do.

      20-21. Fastened.

      24-25. Found on the seashore.

      DOWN

      10-18. The fiber of the gomuti palm.

      6-22. What we all should be.

      4-26. A day dream.

      2-11. A talon.

      19-28. A pigeon.

      F-7. Part of your head.

      23-30. A river in Russia.

      1-32. To govern.

      33-34. An aromatic plant.

      N-8. A fist.

      24-31. To agree with.

      3-12. Part of a ship.

      20-29. One.

      5-27. Exchanging.

      9-25. To sink in mud.

      13-21. A boy.

      Iceland consumes more Coca-Cola per capita than any other nation on Earth.

      GILLIGAN’S ISLAND

      Few TV shows have been both as reviled and beloved—sometimes by the same person—as Gilligan’s Island. Two questions remain unanswered about this program: 1) Where did they get all those clothes? 2) How did they last for three years without sex?

      HOW IT STARTED

      In 1963, veteran TV writer Sherwood Schwartz (The Red Skelton Show, I Married Joan) was ready to break away from writing other people’s shows and create his own sitcom. A literate man with degrees in zoology and psychology, Schwartz had an idea for a meaningful show: he’d take representative members of American society, strand them on an island (this was inspired by Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe), and their interaction would be a microcosm of life in the United States.

      How this idea turned into Gilligan’s Island is anyone’s guess. In the end, Sherwood’s castaways were more caricatures than characters. He called them cliches; the wealthy, the Hollywood glamour girl, the country girl, the professor, the misfit, and the resourceful bull of a man. He added, Anybody who is watching can identify with someone. Yes, but would they want to?

      Schwartz brought his concept to CBS and United Artists; both agreed to finance a pilot. But after the pilot was filmed, CBS started playing with the premise. Network president Jim Aubrey felt it should be a story about a charter boat that went out on a new adventure every week. How would the audience know what those guys were doing on the island? he wanted to know. It looked like Schwartz’s original idea was sunk. Then he had a brainstorm—explain the premise in a theme song. He wrote his own tune and performed it at a meeting of CBS brass (probably a first). And on the basis of that song, CBS OK’d the castaways. Now, do we thank them or what?

      INSIDE FACTS

      Even Gilligan’s Island wasn’t sanitized enough for the censors. Never mind that there wasn’t a hint of sex in three years on a deserted island. CBS censors still objected to Tina Louise’s low-cut dresses and Dawn Wells’s exposed navel.

      Kitty litter: 3,000 out of every 3,001 calico kittens born are females.

      • Believe it or not, some viewers took the show seriously. The U.S. Coast Guard received several telegrams from concerned citizens asking why they didn’t rescue the Minnow’s crew.

      • Schwartz picked the name Gilligan from out of the Los Angeles phone book.

      • Schwartz originally wanted Jerry Van Dyke to play Gilligan. He turned it down in favor of the lead in a different TV series—My Mother the Car. Another actor wanted to play the Skipper, but was rejected: Carroll Archie Bunker O’Connor.

      EVERYONE’S A CRITIC

      The public loved Gilligan, but most critics hated it. A sample:

      • Los Angeles Times: ‘Gilligan’s Island’ is a show that should never have reached the airwaves, this season or any other.

      • San Francisco Chronicle: It is difficult to believe that this show was written, directed, and produced by adults. It marks a new low in the networks’ estimation of public intelligence.

      THE PILOT FILM

      • The pilot was shot in Hawaii, just a few miles from the spot that South Pacific was filmed.

      • One of the major problems faced by the production crew during the pilot’s filming: frogs. Inexplicably, they piled up by the hundreds outside the doors of the on-site cottages.

      • Filming of the pilot was completed on November 22, 1963—the day JFK was assassinated.

      ABOUT THE ISLAND

      • The island used in the series cost $75,000 to build (a bargain, considering how much they made from it).

      • It was artifical, located in the middle of an equally artificial lake at CBS’s Studio Center in Hollywood, and surrounded by painted landscapes, fake palm trees, and wind machines.

      • At one point, the concrete lake bottom leaked and had to be completely drained, repaired, and filled again.

      Only about a third of Gilligan’s Island episodes are actually about getting off the island.

      THE TOUGHEST TOWN IN THE WEST

      Think of a typical Western town in the 1870s. Saloons with swinging doors…horse manure all over the street…painted ladies waving at passersby…and gunfights. Lots of gunfights. It was such a popular image that Palisades, Nevada, decided to preserve it. Here’s the story, with thanks to the People’s Almanac.

      ALEGEND IS BORN

      By the late 1870s, the Wild West era was winding down. But it was such an entrenched part of American lore that many people hated to see it go.

      One town, Palisade, Nevada, decided to keep it alive for as long as possible…by staging fake gunfights for unsuspecting train passengers on the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads, which regularly pulled into town for brief rest stops.

      The idea got started when a train conductor suggested to a citizen of Palisade that as long as so many easterners were traveling west hoping to see the Old West, why not give it to them?

      COMMUNITY ACTIVITY

      The townspeople took the idea and ran with it: one week later they staged the first gunbattle in Palisade’s history. The good guy was played by Frank West, a tall, handsome cowhand from a nearby ranch; Alvin Dandy Kittleby, a popular, deeply religious man (who also happened to look like a villain), played the bad guy.

      Just as the noon train pulled into town for a 10-minute stop, Kittleby began walking down Main Street toward the town saloon. West, who was standing near a corral about 60 feet away, stepped out into the street and shouted at the top of his lungs: There ya are, ya low-down polecat. Ah bin waitin’ fer ya. Ah’m goin’ to kill ya b’cause of what ya did ta mah sister. Mah pore, pore little sister. Then he drew his revolver and fired it over Kittleby’s head. Kittleby fell to the ground kicking and screaming as if he had been shot, and the passengers immediately dove for cover; several of the women fainted, and some of the men may have, too.

      It takes 3,000 cows to supply the NFL with enough leather for a year’s supply of footballs.

      Ten minutes later, when the train pulled out of the station, nearly every passenger was still crouched on the floor of the passenger compartment.

      A MILESTONE

      That was probably the first faked gunfight in the history of the Wild West, but it wasn’t the last. Over the next three years, the Palisadians staged more than 1,000 gunfights—sometimes several a day.

      To keep the townspeople interested and the train passengers fooled, the town regularly changed the theme of the gunfight, sometimes staging a duel, sometimes an Indian raid (in which real Shoshone Indians on horseback massacred innocent women and children before being gunned down themselves), and bank robberies involving more than a dozen robbers and sheriffs deputies.

      Those who didn’t directly participate in the gun battles helped out by manufacturing blank cartridges by the thousands and collecting beef blood from the town slaughterhouse. Nearly everyone within a 100-mile radius was in on the joke—including railroad workers, who probably thought the battles sold train tickets and were good for business. Somehow they all managed to keep the secret; for over three years, nearly every passenger caught in the crossfire of a staged fight thought they were witnessing the real thing. The truth is, the town during those years was so safe that it didn’t even have a sheriff.

      NATIONAL OUTRAGE

      One group of onlookers that weren’t in on the joke were the metropolitan daily newspapers in towns like San Francisco, Chicago, and New York, which regularly reported the shocking news of the massacres on the front pages. Editorials were written by the dozens denouncing the senseless waste of human life and calling on local officials to get the situation under control. They even called on the U.S. Army to occupy the town and restore order…but since the Army itself was in on the joke, it never took action.

      Over time, Palisade developed a reputation as one of the toughest towns in the history of the West—a reputation that it probably deserved more than any other town, since it worked so hard to earn it.

      Thirty-five percent of the people who use personal ads for dating are already married.

      COME UP AND SEE ME…

      Comments from the outrageous film actress Mae West.

      Marriage is a great institution, but I’m not ready for an institution yet.

      It’s hard to be funny when you have to be clean.

      She’s the kind of girl who climbed the ladder of success, wrong by wrong.

      Between two evils, I always pick the one I haven’t tried before."

      I generally avoid temptation—unless I can’t resist it.

      It’s not the men in my life that counts—it’s the life in my men.

      He who hesitates is last.

      When women go wrong, men go right after them.

      Too much of a good thing can be wonderful.

      I used to be Snow White …but I drifted.

      I only like two kinds of men—domestic and foreign.

      Is that a gun in your pocket, or are you just glad to see me?

      Give a man a free hand and he’ll run it all over you.

      I’ve been in more laps than a napkin.

      A man in the house is worth two in the street.

      He’s the kind of man a woman would have to marry to get rid of.

      Brains are an asset…if you hide them.

      I don’t look down on men, but I certainly don’t look up to them either. I never found a man I could love—or trust—the way I loved myself.

      When I’m good, I’m very good. But when I’m bad, I’m better.

      I always say, keep a diary and one day it will keep you.

      I’ve always had a weakness for foreign affairs.

      The first novel ever written on a typewriter was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.

      TEST YOUR ELVIS MOVIE IQ

      You probably know the King’s biggest hits. But how much do you know about his 33 films? Take the Quiz below and find out. (Answers are at the end.)

      1. Which of the following best describes the storyline to the King’s 1969 film Change of Habit ?

      A) Elvis, a hillbilly race car driver with a drinking problem, commits himself to a mental hospital in Puerto Rico to dry out. With the help of Dr. Trisha Boyer (Tuesday Weld), he turns his life around.

      B) Elvis is a physician working with a bunch of nuns in a ghetto health clinic. He and Sister Michelle (played by Mary Tyler Moore) fall in love; she spends the rest of the film trying to choose between the Prince of Peace and the King of Rock ’n’ Roll.

      C) Elvis quits his 9-to-5 job and joins the circus, bathing elephants and guessing people’s weight. He teaches the clowns to sing and falls in love with Trixie the Bearded Lady (Angie Dickenson).

      2. Elvis narrowly avoided serious physical injury—perhaps even death—while filming in 1960. What happened?

      A) He was fooling around backstage with Frank Sinatra’s girlfriend when Ol’ Blue Eyes showed up on the set, walked into the King’s dressing room, and caught them in the act.

      B) After a long day of filming a difficult combat scene, the King and his entourage blew off steam by staging their own gun battles on the set, using rifles supplied by the prop department. It turned out one of the guns was loaded, and no one knew it.

      C) He nearly choked to death wolfing down one of his fried peanut-butter-and-banana sandwiches.

      3. What made Elvis’s 1957 film Loving You different from all of his other films?

      A) It was actually praised by movie critics.

      B) His mother and father made cameo appearances in the film.

      Stage fright: According to tradition, it’s bad luck to say MacBeth in a theater.

      C) The scene in which Elvis teaches Bobo the Orangutan to dance the Cha-Cha-Cha was suggested by the producer’s 14-year-old nephew—a film prodigy named Steven Spielberg.

      4. What makes Elvis’s appearance unusual in Charro? (1969)

      A) Elvis wore earrings and a necklace…but only after he protested that the jewelry made him look like a damn sissy.

      B) Elvis wore a beard throughout the entire film.

      C) Elvis, playing a kindhearted longshoreman with a speech impediment, was heavily tattooed and completely bald.

      5. Which of the following isn’t the plot of an Elvis film?

      A) Air Force officer Elvis has to talk a family of hillbillies into leasing their land to the military for use as a missile site.

      B) Elvis, half Indian and half white, is forced to take sides when Mama’s Indian relations declare war on Daddy’s land-stealing frontier kin.

      C) Elvis moves to Acapulco, works days as a lifeguard and nights as a nightclub singer, and falls in love with a women bullfighter named Dolores. A shoeshine boy helps him overcome his fear of heights, which he sustained after a terrible accident in his previous career as a trapeze artist.

      D) Elvis, the leader of a rock band, is framed for the murder of his lead guitarist and sent to prison; he tunnels (and sings) his way to freedom using a guitar pick and a broken bottle.

      E) Elvis and a gang of happy-go-lucky pickpockets save the king of Lunarkand after he is targeted for assassination by Middle Eastern extremists.

      6. Which of the following lines wasn’t spoken by Elvis in one of his films?

      A) Shucks, Ma’am, Ah just got into town and don’t have no money to pay for supper. How’s about Ah just sing to yore customers?

      B) Last one out of the water is a papaya picker.

      C) I got plans for what I intend to do, and it’s not stopping punches with my head.

      D) One of the bulls decided I was sitting on him too long, so he decided to sit on me.

      The average caterpillar has 2,000 muscles in its body. The average human, less than 700.

      7. What famous actress made her acting debut in the King’s 1964 film Roustabout?

      A) Raquel Welch

      B) Goldie Hawn

      C) Meryl Streep

      D) Jane Fonda

      ANSWERS

      1. B) The movie was probably the most embarrassing of Mary Tyler Moore’s career.

      2. A) Juliet Prowse, Elvis’s co-star in G.I. Blues, had been dating Sinatra, and Hollywood gossip columns were full of reports that the couple would marry….But that didn’t stop Elvis. He and Prowse spent all of their time between takes locked in the King’s dressing room. Elvis’s buddies used to play jokes on him by pounding on the door of the dressing room and shouting Hey Elvis, quick, here comes Frank! He’s on the set. Presley took the warnings seriously at first, but they happened so often that he finally just ignored them…until the day Sinatra really did show up on the set. Hey, Elvis, here comes Frank! mean it man, he’s on the set! Red West, one of Elvis’s hangers-on shouted, but Elvis ignored him. Sinatra knocked on the door, Elvis opened it, and the two stepped inside for about 10 minutes. Then Sinatra left…and for whatever reason, the wedding with Prowse never materialized.

      3. B) Gladys and Vernon Presley appeared in a scene as members of a TV studio audience: Gladys sat in the aisle seat in the fourth row; Vernon sat next to her.

      4. B) Elvis played Jess Wade, a scruffy-faced reformed gunslinger who runs afowl of a gang of outlaws.

      5. D) The other plots were for the following movies: A) Kissin’ Cousins (1964); B) Flaming Star (1960); C) Fun in Acapulco (1963); and E) Harum Scarum (1965).

      6. A)

      7. A) Welch plays one of two college girls who go with their boy-friends to a place called Mother’s Tea House. Her first line: Uh, how come they call this place a tea house, dear?

      Bestselling candy bar in Russia: Snickers.

      AROUND THE HOUSE

      The origins of a few common items.

      BAND-AIDS (1921)

      In 1921, Earle Dickson, an employee of Johnson & Johnson, married a woman who kept injuring herself in the kitchen.

      • As he repeatedly bandaged her cuts and burns with gauze and adhesive tape, he became frustrated; the clumsy bandages kept falling off. So he decided

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