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    Business Hints
    Business Hints
    Business Hints
    Ebook185 pages

    Business Hints

    By A. R. Calhoun

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    About this ebook

    "Business Hints" by A. R. Calhoun is a practical guide offering valuable insights into various aspects of business management. From effective communication and decision-making to financial strategies, the book provides practical advice for entrepreneurs and business professionals. Calhoun combines experience and expertise to offer concise, actionable tips that can enhance business acumen and contribute to success in the dynamic world of commerce. Whether you're a seasoned business owner or a budding entrepreneur, this book serves as a helpful resource for navigating the challenges of the business landscape.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherInteractive Media
    Release dateOct 11, 2016
    ISBN9781911535577

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      Book preview

      Business Hints - A. R. Calhoun

      INTRODUCTION

      What is a good business man? The rich man, you may answer. No, the good business man is the man who knows business.

      Are you a good business man?

      Up to the average, you say.

      Well, what do you know of business laws and rules, outside your present circle of routine work?

      Now, this handy little volume is a condensation of the rules and the laws which every man, from the day laborer to the banker, should be familiar with.

      We have not put in everything about business, for that would require a library, instead of a book that can be read in a short day, and be consulted for its special information at any time.

      It isn’t a question of the price of the book to you, or of the profit to the publisher. Is it good?

      Many a man has failed because he did not know the rules and laws herein given.

      Never a man has won honestly who did not carry out these rules and laws.

      CHAPTER I

      COMMON SENSE FARMING

      The three things essential to all wealth production are land, labor, and capital.

      The dry land was created before there appeared the man, the laborer, to work it. With his bare hands the worker could have done nothing with the land either as a grazer, a farmer or a miner. From the very first he needed capital, that is, the tools to work the land.

      The first tool may have been a pole, one end hardened in the fire, or a combined hoe and axe, made by fastening with wythes, a suitable stone to the end of a stick; but no matter the kind of tool, or the means of producing it, it represented capital, and the man who owned this tool was a capitalist as compared with the man without any such appliance.

      From the land, with the aid of labor and capital, comes wealth, which in a broad way may be defined as something having an exchangeable value.

      Before the appearance of money all wealth changed hands through barter. The wealth in the world to-day is immeasurably greater than all the money in it. The business of the world, particularly between nations, is still carried on through exchange, the balances being settled by money.

      Money is a medium of exchange, and should not be confounded with wealth or capital; the latter is that form of wealth which is used with labor in all production.

      Broadly speaking, wealth is of two kinds, dormant and active. The former awaits the development of labor and capital, the latter is the product of both.

      Labor is human effort, in any form, used for the production of wealth. It is of two kinds—skilled and unskilled. The former may be wholly mental, the latter may be wholly manual.

      The successful farmer must be a skilled laborer, no matter the amount of his manual work. The unskilled farmer can never succeed largely, no matter how hard he works.

      Trained hands with trained brains are irresistible.

      Too many farmers live in the ruts cut by their great-great- grandfathers. They still balance the corn in the sack with a stone.

      Farming is the world’s greatest industry. All the ships might be docked, all the factory wheels stopped, and all the railroads turned to streaks of rust, and still the race would survive, but let the plow lie idle for a year and man would perish as when the deluge swept the mountain tops.

      The next census will show considerably over 6,000,000 farms in the United States. Farming is the greatest of all industries, as it is the most essential. Our Government has wisely made the head of the Department of Agriculture a cabinet officer, and the effect on our farming interest is shown in improved methods and a larger output of better quality.

      The hap-hazard, unskilled methods of the past are disappearing. Science is lending her aid to the tiller of the soil, and the wise ones are reaching out their hands in welcome.

      BUSINESS METHODS NEEDED

      As farming is our principal business, it follows that those who conduct this vast and varied enterprise should be business men.

      The farmer is a producer of goods, and so might be regarded as a manufacturer,—the original meaning of the word is one who makes things by hand. He is also a seller of his own products, and a purchaser of the products of others, so that, to some extent, he may also be regarded as a trader or merchant.

      Enterprise and business skill are the requisites of the manufacturer and merchant. Can the farmer succeed without them?

      No business can prosper without method, economy, and industry intelligently applied.

      No man works harder the year round than does the American farmer, yet too many are going back instead of advancing. In such cases it will be found that there is enough hard work for better results, and that the cause of failure is that the industry has not been properly applied, and that economy has had no consideration.

      Economy does not mean niggardliness, or a determination to get along without tools that your neighbor has purchased. A neglect to secure the best tool needed might be classed as an extravagance, a waste, if the tool in question could have added to the quality and quantity of the output, without the expenditure of more labor.

      Business common-sense is taking the place of old-fashioned conservatism and scientific methods are no longer sneered at as book-farming.

      CHAPTER II

      DOCUMENTS EVERY FARMER SHOULD UNDERSTAND

      All property implies an owner. Property is of two kinds, real and personal. The former is permanent and fixed, the latter can be moved.

      Every occupant of realty holds it through a deed, which carries with it sole ownership, or through a lease which carries with it the right to occupation and use in accordance with the conditions as to time and the amount to be paid, set forth in the written instrument.

      A deed carries with it sole ownership, a lease covers the right of use for a fixed period.

      AS TO DEEDS

      The purchaser of real estate, say a farm, should receive, from the person selling the property, a written instrument, or conveyance known as a deed.

      The deed must show clearly that the title to or interest in the property has been transferred from the seller to the buyer.

      Before the deed is signed and delivered, the buyer should know that he is getting a clear title to the property described in the conveyance.

      In order to insure the accuracy of the title and thus avoid subsequent complications and perhaps lawsuits, the paper should be submitted to some good lawyer, or other person acquainted with real estate law and the methods by which titles are traced from the first owner to the present possessor.

      TITLE ABSTRACTS

      In all the great business centers of the United States there are Title Guarantee Companies, who for a consideration—to be paid by the seller—furnish an abstract of title, and insure its validity.

      In smaller places the local lawyers know how to make up an abstract and one should be employed. Never trust the search of the inexperienced.

      An abstract of title is a memorandum taken from the records of the office where deeds are recorded, and showing the history of the title from the Government up to the present time.

      The seller should furnish the buyer with a certificate from the proper county officer, showing whether or not all taxes have been paid up to the last assessment.

      In addition to this, before the money is paid and the deed accepted, the purchaser should be satisfied that there are no mortgages, liens, attachments or other claims against the property.

      If such claims exist and are known to the buyer, he may assume them as a condition of the sale.

      PARTIES TO A DEED

      The person selling the land and making the deed is known in law as the Grantor. The person buying the property is known as the Grantee.

      A deed is a form of contract, and in order to have its terms and statements binding on the maker, he must be twenty-one years of age, or over, and he must be of sound mind.

      The grantee need not be twenty-one, nor of sound mind in order to make the terms of the deed binding on the grantor.

      In some states, if the grantor be a married man, his wife must sign the deed with him. This should be seen to, for without the wife’s signature the grantee will not have a clear title, for the woman could still claim an interest in the property equal to her dower right.

      Also, if the grantor is a woman, her husband, for the reasons given, should join with her in the execution of the deed.

      The preparation of a deed should not be left to the unskilled.

      DIFFERENT DEEDS

      There are three kinds of deeds, viz.: General warranty deeds, special warranty deeds, and quit-claim deeds.

      The general warranty deed, if it can be had, is the one every purchaser should get.

      In the general warranty deed the grantor agrees for himself, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, that at the time of making the deed he is lawfully in possession, seized is the legal term, of the estate described in the deed, that it is free from all incumbrance, and that he will warrant and defend the grantee and his heirs and assigns against all claims whatsoever.

      In the quit-claim deed the grantor conveys to the purchaser his interest in or right to the property under consideration.

      The quit-claim grantor does not guarantee the title to the property, nor warrant the grantee against any other claims. He simply, by the deed, quits his claim to the property.

      The special warranty deed covenants and warrants only against the acts of the grantor and those claiming title under him.

      MAKING A DEED

      After a deed is properly drawn, it is ready to be signed, sealed, and delivered to the grantee.

      If the wife of the grantor is to sign, her name should follow that of her husband.

      If one or both cannot write, the signature can be made in this way:

      His

      George X Jones.

      Mark.

      Witness…………..

      In some states one or more witnesses are required to the signature of the grantor; in others, witnesses are not necessary, except where a mark is made.

      An important part of a deed is the Acknowledgment. This is the act of acknowledging before a notary public, justice or other official properly qualified to administer an oath, that the signatures are genuine and made voluntarily.

      The acknowledgment having been taken, the official stamps the paper with his seal and signs it.

      In some states the law requires that a wax

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