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    The Fragments of Panyassis (Illustrated)
    The Fragments of Panyassis (Illustrated)
    The Fragments of Panyassis (Illustrated)
    Ebook168 pages1 hour

    The Fragments of Panyassis (Illustrated)

    By Panyassis of Halicarnassus and Delphi Classics

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    About this ebook

    Judged by some as second only to Homer, Panyassis of Halicarnassus was a fifth-century BC epic poet, who was the uncle of Herodotus. His chief literary achievement was the epic poem ‘Heraclea’, composed of 14 books, narrating the adventures of Heracles in various parts of the world, including the undergoing of his fabled Twelve Labours. The fragments that have been preserved reveal an elegant and graceful style, noted for its harmonious rhythm. Delphi’s Ancient Classics series provides eReaders with the wisdom of the Classical world, with both English translations and the original Greek texts. This eBook presents the fragments of Panyassis’ lost epic, with illustrations, an informative introduction and the usual Delphi bonus material. (Version 1)


    * Beautifully illustrated with images relating to Panyassis’ life and works
    * Features the fragments of Panyassis, in both English translation and the original Greek
    * Concise introduction to the text
    * Includes an original new translation of the fragments
    * Provides a special dual English and Greek text, allowing readers to compare the sections paragraph by paragraph — ideal for students
    * Excellent formatting of the texts
    * Easily locate the texts you want to read with individual contents tables
    * Features a bonus essay — discover the development of epic poetry in ancient Greece


    CONTENTS:


    The Translations
    The Fragments


    The Greek Texts
    List of Greek Fragments


    The Essay
    The Heroic Age of Greece (1912) by H. Munro Chadwick

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherDelphi Publishing Ltd
    Release dateJul 4, 2023
    ISBN9781801701266
    The Fragments of Panyassis (Illustrated)

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      Book preview

      The Fragments of Panyassis (Illustrated) - Panyassis of Halicarnassus

      cover.jpg

      The Fragments of

      PANYASSIS

      (fl. 5th century BC)

      img1.jpg

      Contents

      The Translations

      The Fragments

      The Greek Texts

      List of Greek Fragments

      The Essay

      The Heroic Age of Greece (1912) by H. Munro Chadwick

      The Delphi Classics Catalogue

      img2.png

      © Delphi Classics 2023

      Version 1

      img3.jpg

      Browse Ancient Classics

      img4.jpgimg5.jpgimg6.jpgimg7.jpgimg8.jpgimg9.jpgimg10.jpg

      The Fragments of

      PANYASSIS OF HALICARNASSUS

      img11.png

      By Delphi Classics, 2023

      COPYRIGHT

      The Fragments of Panyassis

      img12.jpg

      First published in the United Kingdom in 2023 by Delphi Classics.

      © Delphi Classics, 2023.

      All rights reserved.  No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form other than that in which it is published.

      ISBN: 978 1 80170 126 6

      Delphi Classics

      is an imprint of

      Delphi Publishing Ltd

      Hastings, East Sussex

      United Kingdom

      Contact: sales@delphiclassics.com

      img13.png

      www.delphiclassics.com

      The Translations

      img14.jpg

      The ruins of the Mausoleum, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, at Halicarnassus, Caria (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey) — Halicarnassus was Panyassis’ birthplace.

      img15.jpg

      Myndos Gate, ruins of the fortifications of Halicarnassus, c. fourth century BC

      The Fragments

      img16.png

      Translated by P. Laskaris, 2023

      Judged by some as second only to Homer, Panyassis of Halicarnassus remains obscure today to the general reader. He was a fifth-century BC epic poet from the Persian Empire, who was born the son of Polyarchus in Halicarnassus. It is believed that he was either the uncle or cousin of Herodotus, the ‘father of history’. We know very little about Panyassis’ life, save for the fact that was put to death by the tyrant Lygdamis II in c. 454. His chief literary achievement was the epic poem Heraclea, composed of 14 books and 9,000 verses, narrating the adventures of Heracles in various parts of the world. The thirty or so fragments that have been preserved reveal an elegant and graceful style, noted for its harmonious rhythm. Panyassis also wrote an Ionica in elegiacs, providing an account of the founding and settlement of the Ionic colonies in Asia Minor. Although Panyassis was not especially esteemed by his immediate contemporaries, at a time that was unfavourable to epic poetry, he was highly thought of by later critics and he was ranked by the Alexandrian School as being among the great epic poets.

      The chief narrative construct of the epic would have been the completing of the Labours of Heracles, a series of episodes concerning a penance carried out by the hero. They were accomplished at the service of King Eurystheus. The establishment of a fixed cycle of twelve labours was attributed by the Greeks to an earlier epic poem, now lost, written by Peisander, dated to c. 600 BC, almost 150 years before Panyassis’ epic on the same subject.

      Considered by the Greeks as the greatest of all the heroes, Heracles was the product of an affair between Zeus, the king of the gods, and the mortal woman Alcmene. Hera, the jealous queen of the gods, was always Heracles’ bitterest foe, tormenting him with numerous attacks. Alcmene was terrified of Hera’s vengeance and so decided to expose her infant son, who was then secretly taken away by either Zeus or his daughter Athena. Ironically, the child was given to Hera to nurse and she failed to recognise Heracles’ identity. The infant suckled so strongly that he caused Hera pain and she pushed him away, her milk spraying across the heavens, forming the Milky Way.

      However, with this divine milk, Heracles acquired supernatural strength. Either Zeus or Athena then brought the infant back to his mother and he was subsequently raised by Alcmene and her mortal husband, King Amphitryon. In time, Heracles married Megara, the eldest daughter of King Creon of Thebes. Yet, in a fit of madness induced by Hera, Heracles killed Megara and their children — this is likely the starting point of Panyassis’ epic. After recovering his sanity, Heracles deeply regretted his actions. He was purified by King Thespius, before travelling to Delphi to inquire how he could atone for his actions. Pythia, the Oracle of Delphi, advised him to go to Tiryns and serve his cousin, King Eurystheus of Mycenae, for ten years, performing whatever labours Eurystheus might set him. In return, he would be rewarded with immortality. Heracles despaired at this ruling, loathing to serve a man that he knew was much inferior to himself, yet he feared to oppose his father, Zeus. Eventually, Heracles placed himself at Eurystheus’ disposal.

      This king originally ordered Heracles to perform ten labours. The hero accomplished these tasks, but Eurystheus refused to recognise two of the labours: firstly, the slaying of the Lernaean Hydra, as Heracles’ nephew and charioteer Iolaus had helped him; and secondly the cleansing of the Augean stables, as Heracles accepted payment for the labour. Therefore, Eurystheus set two further tasks — the fetching of the Golden Apples of Hesperides and the capturing of the three-headed Cerberus

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