Key to Symbols

Ace in the Hole threestar

NO MPAA RATING, 111 m., 1951

Kirk Douglas (Chuck Tatum), Richard Benedict (Leo Minosa), Jan Sterling (Lorraine Minosa). Directed and produced by Billy Wilder. Screenplay by Wilder, Lesser Samuels, and Walter Newman, based on a story by Victor Desny.

There’s not a soft or sentimental passage in Billy Wilder’s Ace in the Hole (1951), a portrait of rotten journalism and the public’s insatiable appetite for it. It’s easy to blame the press for its portraits of self-destructing celebrities, philandering preachers, corrupt politicians, or bragging serial killers, but who loves those stories? The public does. Wilder, true to this vision and ahead of his time, made a movie in which the only good men are the victim and his doctor. Instead of blaming the journalist who masterminds a media circus, he is equally hard on sightseers who pay twenty-five cents admission. Nobody gets off the hook here.

The movie stars Kirk Douglas, an actor who could freeze the blood when he wanted to, in his most savage role. Yes, he made comedies and played heroes, but he could be merciless, his face curling into scorn and bitterness. He plays Charles Tatum, a skilled reporter with a drinking problem, who has been fired in eleven markets (slander, adultery, boozing) when his car breaks down in Albuquerque and he cons his way into a job at the local paper.

The break he’s waiting for comes a year later. Dispatched to a remote town to cover a rattlesnake competition, he stops in a desert hamlet and discovers that the owner of the trading post has been trapped in an abandoned silver mine by a cave-in. Tatum forgets the rattlesnakes and talks his way into the tunnel to talk to Leo Minosa (Richard Benedict), whose legs are pinned under timbers. When Tatum comes out again, he sees the future: He will nail down possession of the story, spin it out as long as he can, and milk it for money, fame, and his old job back east.

Confronted by a corrupt local sheriff and mining experts, Tatum takes charge by force of will, issuing orders and slapping around deputies with so much confidence he gets away with it. Learning that Minosa could be rescued in a day or two if workers simply shored up the mine tunnel and brought him out, Tatum cooks up a cockamamie scheme to lengthen the process: Rescuers will drill straight down to the trapped man, through solid rock.

The newspaperman moves into Minosa’s trading post. He finds that the man’s wife, a onetime Baltimore bar girl named Lorraine (Jan Sterling), has raided the cash register and plans to take the next bus out of town. He slaps her hard, and orders her to stay and portray a grieving spouse. He needs her for his story. Even though the film has been little seen, it produced one of those famous hard-boiled movie lines everybody seems to have heard; ordered to attend a prayer service for her husband, Lorraine sneers, I don’t go to church. Kneeling bags my nylons.

Wilder (1906–2002) came to Ace in the Hole right after Sunset Boulevard (1950), which had eleven Oscar nominations and won three. Known for his biting cynicism and hard edges in such masterpieces as (1944) and The Lost Weekend (1945), he outdid himself with Ace in the Hole. The film’s harsh portrait of an American media circus appalled the critics and repelled the public; it failed on first release, and after it won European festivals and was retitled The Big Carnival, it failed again.

There’s not a wasted shot in Wilder’s film, which is single-mindedly economical. Students of Arthur Schmidt’s editing could learn from the way every shot does its duty. There’s not even a gratuitous reaction shot. The black-and-white cinematography by Charles Lang is the inevitable choice; this story would curdle color. And notice how no time is wasted with needless exposition. A wire-service ticker turns up there, again without comment. A press tent goes up and speaks for itself.

Although the film is more than half a century old old, I found while watching it again that it still has all its power. It hasn’t aged because Wilder and his cowriters, Walter Newman and Lesser Samuels, were so lean and mean. The dialogue delivers perfectly timed punches: I can handle big news and little news. And if there’s no news, I’ll go out and bite a dog.

That’s what Tatum does with the Minosa story. Not content with the drama of a man trapped underground, Tatum discovers the mountain is an Indian burial ground and adds speculations about a mummy’s curse. Soon gawkers are arriving from all over the country, and others arrive to exploit them: hot dog stands, cotton candy vendors, a carnival with a merry-go-round.

Meanwhile, Minosa grows weaker and depends on Tatum for his contact with the surface. The pounding drill, growing closer, tortures him. Rival newsmen complain about Tatum’s role: He controls access to the rescue, the story, and the wife. With every day that passes, the story grows bigger. And Tatum manufactures news on a slow day. He plunges into the cave with a priest and a doctor, and finds out from Leo about his anniversary present for the wife who despises him. It’s a fur scarf. Tatum hands it to her and tells her to wear it. She hates it. He almost chokes her with it. She wears it.

Kirk Douglas (born in 1916) was and still is a ferocious competitor. Little wonder one of his first screen roles was as a boxer in Champion (1949). When I interviewed him for Esquire in 1969, the role of a champion was his central theme: It doesn’t matter if you’re a nice guy or you’re a bastard. What matters is, you won’t bend! His focus and energy as Chuck Tatum is almost scary. There is nothing dated about Douglas’s performance. It’s as right-now as a sharpened knife.

Tatum drives relentlessly toward his goal of money and fame, and if there’s a moment when we think he might take pity on Minosa, that’s just Wilder, yanking our chains. The way Tatum’s thinking evolves about the trapped man is a study in subtlety of direction, writing, and acting. In a lesser movie, Tatum would share our sympathy for the pathetic man. Here, he’s on a parabola in that direction but wants it to intersect with the moment of his own greatest fame.

Wilder, born in Austria, a refugee from Hitler, certainly became one of America’s greatest directors. But he never bought in to the American dream. What he saw in Europe warned him off dreams. Although Ace in the Hole has always been considered one of his greatest films, its rejection by the marketplace isn’t surprising: Moviegoers like crime, like suspense, like violence, but they like happy endings, and Wilder is telling them to wake up and smell the coffee.

When the film was released, the press complained about its portrait of news practices and standards, even though the story was inspired by a real media circus when a man named Floyd Collins was trapped in a Kentucky cave. Today, it is hard to imagine some segments of the press not recognizing their hunger for sensation. The same might be said of the public; after the movie was finished, the studio sold admissions to its mountain sets outside Gallup, New Mexico.

After Dark, My Sweet fourstar

R, 114 m., 1990

Jason Patric (Kevin Kid Collins), Rachel Ward (Fay Anderson), Bruce Dern (Garrett Uncle Bud Stoker), George Dickerson (Doc Goldman). Directed by James Foley and produced by Ric Kidney and Robert Redlin. Screenplay by Foley and Redlin, based on the novel by Jim Thompson.

There is something wrong with Collie, but it’s hard to put your finger on it. He tells the bartender he pours a good glass of beer, and the bartender feels like throwing him out of the bar. He looks like a bum, clutching that parcel wrapped in brown paper, but he’s young and handsome and will tell you that he’s an ex-serviceman with a year and a half of community college. He walks unsteadily out of the blinding sunlight of the desert and into a rundown suburb of Palm Springs, where his destiny is sitting in the same bar, smoking a cigarette.

Her name is Mrs. Fay Anderson. She is pretty clearly an alcoholic. Why else, after Collie beats the bartender senseless, would she follow him down the street in her car and offer him a ride? She does this not because she is drunk, but because widowhood and drinking have put her into the orbit of Uncle Bud, a man whose moneymaking plans require someone like Collie: needy, vulnerable, presentable, persuadable. Individually, these three people are hopeless loners. Together, they are a danger, because they are just smart enough to think up plans they’re stupid enough to try.

After Dark, My Sweet (1990) tells their story as an inevitable progress toward failure and doom. What makes the story fascinating is the subterranean way Collie understands everything that is going wrong, understands Mrs. Fay Anderson is a good person and needs to be protected, and protects her in a way so subtle she may still be wondering if he did what she thinks he did.

The movie, based on a novel by Jim Thompson, the poet of circa-1950 pulp noir, has a stubborn, sullen truth to it, focusing on its handful of characters during the course of a particularly incompetent kidnapping. The story is so intimate that everything depends on the performances, and Jason Patric, Rachel Ward, and Bruce Dern, and a character actor named George Dickerson, bring a grim, poetic sadness to the story. Film noir, we are reminded, is not about action and victory, but about incompetence and defeat. If it has a happy ending, something went wrong.

After Fay (Ward) picks up Collie (Patric), she offers him the use of a house trailer at the far end of her dying palm plantation, a kiss on the doorstep, and a lot of drinking companionship. Through her he meets Uncle Bud (Dern), who says he is a former police detective with connections on the force, and who seems to have no life at all apart from sitting in Fay’s living room enlisting them in his scheme to kidnap the son of a rich local man. Fay tells Collie to get away, get out of town: His scheme’s been cooking for months, and if you go away, it will keep right on boiling until it boils away.

Flashbacks inform us that Collie is a former boxer who was in one fight too many—both for his own mental acuity, and for the life of the fighter he beat to death. In an all-night diner, he stumbles into Doc Goldman (Dickerson), who takes one look at him and guesses, correctly, he is AWOL from a mental institution. The Doc has a concerned and kindly manner, which masks sexual desire; he invites Collie into his home, offers to let him stay, gives him employment. But Collie cannot take that form of captivity, and returns one morning to Fay’s door.

Now Uncle Bud goes into overdrive. He briefs them on his kidnap plan as if it were one of those clever strategies in a heist movie, and not simply a matter of sending Collie to pick