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    India Shaping Its Chip Industry
    India Shaping Its Chip Industry
    India Shaping Its Chip Industry
    Ebook146 pages1 hour

    India Shaping Its Chip Industry

    By Ajay Kumar Saini

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    About this ebook

    'India Shaping its Chip Industry'; India's journey into the realm of semiconductors began with a promising start in the 1980s. However, the nation gradually became heavily reliant on imports, a vulnerability that was starkly exposed during the COVID-19 p

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherWalnut Publication
    Release dateAug 17, 2024
    ISBN9789359112336
    India Shaping Its Chip Industry
    Author

    Ajay Kumar Saini

    Ajay Kumar Saini is a Graduate of Electronics and Communication Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra and completed his Post Graduation in Industrial Engineering in 1981 from Training Institute of Productivity and Industrial Engineering (TIPIE), Chennai, National Productivity Council. He has worked for more than 35 years in the semiconductor industry before superannuating as Group Director from Semiconductor Laboratory in 2016.

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      Book preview

      India Shaping Its Chip Industry - Ajay Kumar Saini

      India Shaping Its Chip Industry

      Ajay Kumar Saini

      Walnut Publication

      Copyright © 2024 Ajay Kumar Saini

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author.

      This book has been published with all reasonable efforts taken to make the material error-free after the consent of the author. The author of this book is solely responsible and liable for its content including but not limited to the views, representations, descriptions, statements, information, opinions and references [Content]. The publisher does not endorse or approve the Content of this book or guarantee the reliability, accuracy or completeness of the Content published herein. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to this book or its contents. The author and the publisher disclaim all such representations and warranties, including for example warranties of merchantability and educational or medical advice for a particular purpose. In addition, the author and the publisher do not represent or warrant that the information accessible via this book is accurate, complete or current.

      ISBN-13: 9789359112336

      ISBN-10: 935911233X

      Contents

      Title Page

      Copyright

      Author’s Note

      Introduction

      Narrative of Indian Chip Industry  

      Choices and Events That Changed the Narrative 

      Choices Made by Other Countries While Building Their Narratives

      Rebooting the Indian Chip Narrative

      Strategy for the Indian Chip Industry

      National Projects to Support Indian Chip Industry 

      What It Takes to Be Successful in Chip Making

      Acknowledgement

      Author’s Note

      Thank you for picking up this book, ‘India shaping its chip industry’ and for your decision to go through it. This book is about the untold story of India’s semiconductor industry and the way it is getting rebooted now. It reflects a positive approach and initiative on multiple fronts of our policymakers and stakeholders for the semiconductor industry.

      Post Covid, three articles published in the B2B magazine were read online extensively with a good hit rate, which gave me the courage to write this book. The articles are appended in the book for reference as Appendices-¹, ² and ³

      A book claiming to be about the Indian chip industry should address a few basic questions. First, how the chip industry came up in the country? Second, what choices India made during its development phase, the outcomes and whether the choices made were well thought or ill-conceived? Third, which countries had been working hard to establish the semiconductor industry during that period and finally, what efforts are being made now by India for establishing this high-tech industry?

      Some out-of-box-thinking issues articulated in the book are given in chapter-5, ‘Strategy for the Indian chip industry’. Chapter-6 briefly touches upon seven national projects to be undertaken immediately to promote the Indian chip industry. The last chapter is on ‘What it takes to be successful in chip making’.

      A bee attracted by the scent of the flowers, lands on one, then another, inadvertently enabling reproduction. Not all plants need bees to reproduce. Plants often have multiple strategies for spreading their seeds, and attracting insects is one of the strategies. Should the bee go extinct, not just many flowers but even birds, small mammals and humans may go the same way. But the bee does not know its role in this interconnected world puzzle. The underlying intention of writing this book is allowing it to fit neatly into shaping the Indian semiconductor industry, in whatever little way like a bee.

      This book also embodies a higher purpose. If we zoom out our small work, we seem to function more as an instrumentalist or a catalyst in a much larger symphony the chip world orchestrates. Today, we may have little understanding of the art of chip making but the Indian chip industry has the potential of definitely turning out to be a big force multiplier in future, similar to the chip industry of Taiwan, the US, South Korea, Japan and elsewhere.

      The book is meant for undergraduate and postgraduate students of engineering & management and other streams preparing for competitive exams, working professionals, Indian civil servants, policy makers and general public having technical interest.  While writing this book, the focus has been on qualitative aspects rather than quantitative analysis, however, scope and context of some of the paragraphs still may change by the time the book goes in the hands of the readers. The names of various companies associated with the semiconductor industry are mentioned in the book and for obvious reasons it is not possible to cover the name of every company. Few case studies are given at the end which can be taken up by professionals for deliberations in times to come. 

      It is intended to tread the Indian chip journey through this book in future via updated editions. Contents of some of the paragraphs in the book reflect personal opinions and may not match with readers' views. Hope the readers will find the book informative, interesting, relevant and up to date. This book results from extensive groundwork and more than three decades of experience in the chip industry. The writer is a former Group Director having led various departments in SCL.                                                      17th August 2024

      Introduction

      Since ages, energy has been one of the strategic resources to boost world economies. Initially, it came from burning wood, organic waste, seed oils, coal and later, the world transitioned to hydropower, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power etc. However, due to the environmental degradation of our planet earth, many countries are now shifting to Solar, Wind and Green Hydrogen energy. Major powers considered crude oil as a strategic resource and the world geopolitics pivoted around it. But after experiencing unusual upheavals due to disruptions in supply chains of various goods and microchips during Covid-19 and thereafter, the world focus has shifted from crude oil to semiconductors as the prime strategic resource.

      Semiconductors, predominantly called microchips, integrated circuits or simply chips have become ubiquitous, pervasive all around having wide ranging applications in computers, mobile phones, music systems, white goods, aeroplanes, automobiles, medical, defence and space equipment, practically in every field. Lately, semiconductors are extensively used to generate, monitor and control electric power in solar plants - one of the reasons why chips are considered the most valued strategic resource in the world today. India has planned to install 10 million roof solar power plants in the next five years. A massive solar power plant of 30 GW is coming up in Kutch, Gujarat, almost 10 times the size of a super thermal power plant or two dozen the size of Bhakra Hydro Power Plant. India is also aspiring to target generation of 500 GW from renewable energy resources by 2030.

      The widespread use of semiconductors in nearly every application is redefining this strategic resource and shifting this to a dominant role in world geopolitics. India has realised the importance of this strategic resource, its ramifications on the country’s economy and security because of our overwhelming dependence on other countries for semiconductors.

      Many of us may have an understanding of the Indian chip industry to a large extent, however, till now, no book has been written to apprise readers about some important aspects of this industry. This book portrays the journey of the Indian semiconductor industry from the 1970s until now through brief write ups concerning its value chain, how other nations left India behind in the race of semiconductor manufacturing and what is being done now by our policy makers to boost this industry?

      Source: Presentation during SemiconIndia-22 byDr Randhir, President Foundry Services, Intel

      While weaving the chip journey, Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL) has been kept in focus, being the only company in India designing, developing and manufacturing Silicon chips and sensor devices using Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) and Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technologies since 1984 and 2003 respectively.

      Belief in Slogans

      Indian polity coined phrases from time to time which became popular for different reasons. Many of these were appealing, relevant and tested true to their times. Great personalities who coined these, aspired for their acceptance by the public and worked for their desired outcomes. Some of these became popular, remained on the lips

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